Ji (surname 季)
 | |
| Pronunciation | Jì (Mandarin) Gwai (Cantonese) |
|---|---|
| Language(s) | Chinese |
| Origin | |
| Language(s) | Old Chinese |
| Other names | |
| Variant form(s) | Chi, Kwai |
Jì is the
Etymology
In ancient usage, the characters of meng (孟), zhong (仲), shu (叔) and ji (季) were used to denote the first, second, third and fourth eldest sons in a family. The Chinese character Ji 季 is composed of two parts: 禾 (grain) and 子 (son), and originally means "young grain". Later it acquired the meaning of "the youngest", and was frequently used in the name or title of the youngest son (or daughter) of a family. It is from this usage that the character became a surname.[3] According to analysis based on the early 11th-century dictionary Guangyun, in Middle Chinese the character was pronounced [kwi].[1]
Demographics
As of 2008, Ji 季 is the 142nd most common surname in China, shared by 960,000 people, or 0.077% of the Chinese population.[4][3] It is concentrated in East China, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai. Jiangsu province alone accounts for 44% of the people surnamed Ji 季, followed by Zhejiang with 10%.[3]
Origins
The main origin of the Ji 季 surname is the
A second origin of the Ji surname was
Several other states of the Zhou dynasty, such as Qi and Wei, also had noble lineages that adopted Ji 季 as their surname.[3]
Later adoption
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, several Mongol and Manchu clans adopted the Ji surname, and many Ji-surnamed people in Northeast China are from this origin.[3]
Notable people
- Ji You or Ji Chengzi (state of Lu
- Jisun Xingfu or Ji Wenzi (季文子; died 568 BC), grandson of Ji You, Chief Minister of Lu
- Ji Bu (季布; 3rd century BC), a top general of Xiang Yu and later the Han dynasty
- Ji Zhenyi (季振宜; 1630–?), Qing dynasty official, writer, and collector
- Ji Zhichang (季芝昌; 1791–1860), Qing dynasty minister, general, and Governor of Shanxi province
- Ji Yunqing (季云卿; 1868–1939), Shanghai gangster assassinated for collaborating with the Japanese during WWII
- palaeographer, and historian
- Ji Yunshi (季允石; born 1945), former Governor of Jiangsu and Hebei provinces
- Ji Jianye (季建业; born 1957), former Mayor of Nanjing
- Yun-Fei Ji or Ji Yunfei (季云飞; born 1963), painter
- Ji Mingyi (季铭义; born 1980), football player
- Timothy Kwai or Ji Tinggang (季霆剛; born 1983), Hong Kong politician
- Ji Xiaobing (季肖冰; born 1987), actor
- Ji Liping (季丽萍; born 1988), Olympic swimmer
- Ji Xiaoxuan (季骁宣; born 1993), football player
- Ji Jiafu (季加孚; born 1959), surgical oncologist
References
- ^ a b "季". Zdic. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- ^ "百家姓" [Hundred Family Surnames] (in Chinese). Guoxue. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g 季姓起源 [Origin of the Ji surname] (in Chinese). Greater China Genealogy. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- ^ 中国最新300大姓排名（2008） [300 most common surnames in China (2008)] (in Chinese). Taiwan.cn. 2009-01-06. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
- ^ a b 季姓起源,名人及家谱 [Origin and famous people of the Ji surname] (in Chinese). Shangdu. 2008-07-17. Archived from the original on 2014-05-10. Retrieved 2014-06-11.
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