Joan Terès i Borrull
Joan Terès i Borrull | |
---|---|
Catholicism | |
Residence | Palace of the Lieutenant |
Parents | Joan Terès Domènech Magdalena Borrull Carnicer |
Previous post(s) | Rector of the University of Valencia, Spain (1570) Bishop of Morocco, Spain (1575-1579) Rector of the University of Tarragona, Spain (1577-1579) Bishop of Elne, Spain (1579-1586) Bishop of Tortosa, Spain (1586-1587) |
Alma mater | University of Valencia |
Motto | Virtute Huius Omnia Teres |
Coat of arms |
Joan Terès i Borrull
Early years
He was born in Verdú (Lleida, Spain) to a humble Christian family in 1538.[n. 2] Son of Joan Terès Domènech and Magdalena Borrull Carnicer,[2] and brother of Magdalena, Joana, Elionor and Margarida.[8]
During his teenage years, he lived in Reus, where he studied grammar while he begged to pay his studies. In 1554, he went to the School of Tarragona where he studied Latin and humanities, paying his studies with the short salary from delivering letters.[2]
Due to his talent, he got good protection and stimulus. Later, he was sent to study
Academic life
In 18 April 1566 he asked for a deferment to pay taxes for his doctorate in theology, which was granted.[10] It is very probable that he passed in his first try, since there are no other registered deferments in the following years.[10] Since 1532, the payment to get the title of doctor was 7 pounds and 10 sous (or 1 800 dineros).[n. 3]
During the 1566–1567 academic year he was permanent professor of the second chair of Logic and for that he received 5
Besides being professor, Joan Terès was examiner at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Valencia as well. In 16 February 1565 he was named assistant professor and substitute for examiner Vicente Montañés, chair at the Faculty of Arts. Usually, the assistant replaced the examiner in case of death or resignation. Nowhere is stated that Terès got the position, but there is evidence that Juan Tomás was proposed as his assistant in 5 July 1571. Two years later, in 4 March 1573, Terès, who was already living in Tarragona, resigned the position and Juan Tomás was replaced by Juan Tomás.[10]
Due to the order of imprisonment of the rector of the University of Valencia for 1568–1571, Pere Joan Monzó, by archbishop of Valencia Juan de Ribera, in 31 March 1570, Terès was appointed new rector, when the archbishop forced Monzó to delegate his position to Terès.[13]
The archbishop's original plans were to give the positions of chair of theology to members of the order he belonged to: the Society of Jesus. Since the rector was elected among the chairs of the Faculty of Theology by sortition and he had a vital role in the appointment of the rest of the academic positions, it would not be surprising that in a short time the Jesuits had taken control over the institution.[13]
Therefore, it is understandable that the chosen one to replace Pere Monzó was somebody who had a similar academic qualification to be elected rector, and had the advantage of being a former student of the Jesuit School of Saint Paul.[citation needed]
In regard of his intellectual legacy, it is worth mentioning that he was the professor of the Spanish philosopher Diego Mas, who dedicated two of his works to Terès:[13]
- Metaphysica disputatio seu de ente et de eius propietatibus, quae communi nomine scribitur de trascendentibus (Valencia, 1587)
- Commentaria in Universam Philosophia Aristotelis, una cum quaestionibus quae a gravissimis viris disputari solent (Valencia, 1599)
Early ecclesiastical career
He went back to
In 1570, the archbishop of Tarragona
On 4 February 1575, Terès was consecrated by Archbishop Cervantes. That year the Seminary of Tarragona, the first one in Spain, was founded according to the regulations of the Council of Trent. Terès was its first rector. Later that year, Cardinal Cervantes proposed him to be auxiliary bishop with the nominal title of Morocco, with which the Pope agreed.[2]
In 1577, the
In 22 May 1579, Pope Gregory XIII sent him to the
Archbishop of Tarragona
As archbishop, Terès founded the monastery of Saint Dominic in Ciutadilla, in 1588. He collaborated in the improvements of the monastery of Saint Mary of Bovera in Guimerà, and in the hermitage of Saint Magí of Brufaganya, near Santa Coloma de Queralt.[2]
In 1589, he got for Tarragona the publication of the privilege of
In 1591, Terès granted privileges of baptismal fonts to la Riba, due to the difficulty that represented for the villagers to go to Vilaverd.[2]
In 1592, Terès ordered to build, in the cathedral of Tarragona, the chapels of Saint John the Evangelist and Saint Fructuosus, to the Renaissance architect Pere Blai.[18]
In 13 August of that same year,
While some monasteries had complied with the order of secularization, the
The creation of the
In 18 September 1594, Terès travelled on board, escorted by eight galleys, to the island of Ibiza, then territory of the archdiocese of Tarragona. During the trip, the expedition was assaulted by three Muslim pirate galleys. Finally, the archbishop's galleys took over two pirate ships.[2]
He protected several orders of friars, like the
On 4 April 1596, Terès proceeded to the recognition ceremony of the sepulcher of the
In 1602, the petronel-armed bandits Pere Voltor and Miquel Català killed Royal commissioner Epifani Olives i Terès, the archbishop's nephew, in the Castle of Valls. The jurors of Valls and many prominent authorities of the city were declared accomplices by the Royal Audience of Catalonia. This made the relations between the authorities of Valls and Terès very tense.[24]
Terès alerted the bishops not to tolerate preaching in languages other than their mother tongue.[2] He also promoted the art of printing in Tarragona.[14]
Viceroy of Catalonia
In 1599, the King Philip III of Spain attended a session at the Catalan Courts. Terès, still archbishop, presided the ecclesiastical arm.[7][25] After every session, the agreements achieved were usually printed, but that time there were five articles with which the deputies could not come to an agreement. Among them, the right of the viceroy to make proclamations and the deprivation for nobles and their servants of carrying petronels, in order to suppress banditry in Catalonia.[2]
The then viceroy of Catalonia,
The highly delicate circumstances drove Philip III to assign Terès as a mean of appeasement. He was well known by the king from his assistantship at the Courts in 1599. Moreover, that same year, the king and his wife Margaret of Austria stayed at the Archbishop's Palace of Tarragona for three days.[2]
At the end of 1602, one of the murderers of Terès's nephew, Pere Voltor, was captured in a raid. Later that year he was sentenced to death and chopped into pieces.[24]
Terès decreed the release of the deputies imprisoned by the duke of Feria and published the Constitutions without the conflictive articles. He was strongly opposed to the manufacture of petronels, especially in a country where in just one year more than 300 people were killed by this firearm.[26] Finally he decided to face the nobles.[2]
In 1603, Terès prohibited the production of petronels to the blacksmiths. This move did not prove satisfactory to the deputies and bothered the aristocracy. When another protest came up, Terès offered to study this matter again.[2]
As viceroy, Terès, who was openly a nyerro, actively took part in the disputes between nyerros and cadells, thus disregarding the obligations of his position.[27]
The viceroy, without political ambitions and impatient to return to his ecclesiastical tasks, asked for a replacement. King Philip III accepted his petition and on 19 May 1603 he designated the duke of Monteleone, Ettore Pignatelli e Colonna, as the new viceroy.[2]
Death and legacy
Before transferring the powers to the next viceroy, archbishop Terès died on 10 July 1603[n. 4] in the Palace of the Lieutenant, in Barcelona, at age 64.[28] Although the causes of his death were not clear, it has been rumored that he had been poisoned.[2] His testimonial executor was his nephew Antoni Clarassó i Terès.[1]
In 1610, his remains were taken and escorted by the Spanish squad to Tarragona, and finally buried between the chapels of Saint Fructuosus and Saint John, where he always had his confessional.[2]
His altruist character was perpetuated by a pious foundation for unmarried ladies of his lineage. He left money for school fees at the Seminary of Tarragona, for poor students of his lineage and from la Selva del Camp. He still left more for other seven poor students that wanted to take the ecclesiastical path, with preference for natives from Verdú. And finally, another foundation for provide money annually to three chosen girls from Tarragona, la Selva del Camp and Constantí.[2]
He was also remembered as the benefactor of two orphanages, for boys and girls, in Tarragona since, at least, 1551.[29]
Archbishop Terès street in Verdú (Spain) is named after him.
Notes
- ^ His full name is Joan Miquel Terès i Borrull, although his first name has been referenced as Joan, Juan, Jean, Johan, Joannes or Johannes and his first family name as Terès, Terés, Térès or Teres.
- ^ However, Capeille, op. cit., p. 610, states that he was born in 1539.
- ^ 1 Valencian pound = 20 sous; 1 sou = 12 dineros.
- ^ However, Boleda i Cases (1982), op. cit., p. 19, mentions two other possible dates of death, 6 and 16 July.
References
- ^ a b c Bayerri y Bertomeu, E. (1960), Historia de Tortosa y su comarca. (in Spanish), vol. 8, pp. 768–771
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Boleda i Cases, R. (1982), "Joan Terés i Borrull, Arquebisbe i Virrei", Publicacions de la Delegació Diocesana de Mitjans de Comunicació Social (in Catalan): 20
- ^ Eubel, K (1940), Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive Summorum Pontificum, S.R.E. Cardinalium, Ecclesiarum antistitum series. Volumen tertium: Saeculum XVI ab anno 1503 complectens (in Latin), p. 236, archived from the original on 9 May 2013, retrieved 26 January 2012
- ^ Eubel, K (1940), Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive Summorum Pontificum, S.R.E. Cardinalium, Ecclesiarum antistitum series. Volumen tertium: Saeculum XVI ab anno 1503 complectens (in Latin), p. 192, archived from the original on 9 May 2013, retrieved 26 January 2012
- ^ Eubel, K (1940), Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive Summorum Pontificum, S.R.E. Cardinalium, Ecclesiarum antistitum series. Volumen tertium: Saeculum XVI ab anno 1503 complectens (in Latin), p. 196, archived from the original on 9 May 2013, retrieved 26 January 2012
- ^ Eubel, K (1940), Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive Summorum Pontificum, S.R.E. Cardinalium, Ecclesiarum antistitum series. Volumen tertium: Saeculum XVI ab anno 1503 complectens (in Latin), p. 309, archived from the original on 9 May 2013, retrieved 26 January 2012
- ^ a b c Morales Roca, F.J. (1983), "Próceres habilitados de las Cortes del Principado de Cataluña, siglo XVII (1599-1713)", Hidalguía (in Spanish), I: 117
- ^ Bergadà i Solà, R (1983), "Full Parroquial de Constantí 1916-1924", Publicacions de la Delegació Diocesana de Mitjans de Comunicació Social (in Catalan)
- ^ Fernández Soria, J.M., López Martín, R (1990), Los colegios jesuíticos valencianos: datos para su historia (in Spanish), p. 194
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ ISBN 9788437055213)
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ Teixidor y Trilles, J. (1976), "Estudios de Valencia [Historia de la Universidad hasta 1616]", University of Valencia (in Spanish)
- ^ ISBN 9788437011547
- ^ a b c d García Martínez, S. (1985), "San Juan de Ribera y la primera cuestión universitaria (1569-1572)", Contrastes:Revista de Historia Moderna (in Spanish)
- ^ a b c Del Arco y Molinero, Á. (1920), "La Antigua Universidad de Tarragona.", Tipografía de Sugrañes (in Spanish): 118
- ^ Serra i Puig, Eva (2003), "Textos Jurídics Catalans. Lleis i Costums. Cort General de Montsó (1585), Montso-Binèfar. Procés familiar del braç eclesiàstic." (PDF), Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Justícia I Interior (in Catalan), II: 865, archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2012
- ^ Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises - T (1914) by Joan Capeille (in French)
- ^ Torres Amat, F., Torres Amat, I., Puiggari, P., Torres Torrens, M., Corminas y Guell, J. (1836), Memorias para ayudar a formar un diccionario crítico y dar alguna idea de la antingua y moderna literatura de Cataluña. (in Spanish)
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d "Archdiocese of Tarragona Website". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
- ^ a b "Vineae electae Domini", Bullarum Diplomatum et Privilegiorum Sanctorum Romanorum Pontificarum Taurinensis Editio, Tomus IX (in Latin): 580–584, 1865
- ^ Villanueva, J.; Villanueva, J.L. (1821), "Viage a Solsona, Ager y Urgel, 1806 y 1807", Viage Literario a las Iglesias de España (in Spanish): 70
- ISBN 0300054165
- ^ Raventós i Giralt, J (2000), "Una institución singular: los concilios provinciales de Tarragona en la Edad Moderna", Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat (in Spanish): 74
- ^ Vicente Domenec, A (1630), Historia general de los santos y varones ilustres en santidad del principado de Cataluña (in Spanish), p. 15
- ^ a b Valls in Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana Online Archived 2012-12-06 at archive.today
- ^ Morales Roca, F.J (1983), "Privilegios nobiliarios otorgados por el Rey Don Felipe III de Austria en el solio de las Cortes de Barcelona de 1599", Hidalguía, la revista de genealogía, nobleza y armas (in Spanish), 593–618
- ^ A Carn! num.9, January 2009, pag.4
- ^ Nyerro in Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana Online
- ^ Parochial Archive of Verdú
- ^ Madoz, P. (1849), "Diccionario geográfico-estadístico-histórico de España y sus posesiones de Ultramar", Imprenta del Diccionario Geográfico-estadístico-histórico de D. Pascual Madoz (in Spanish): 644