John Renshaw Starr

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John Ashford Renshaw Starr (6 August 1908 – 1996), code names Emile and Bob, was a British artist and an agent in France of the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) organization during World War II. He was the organiser (leader) of the Acrobat network (or circuit) which operated in Dijon. The purpose of SOE in occupied France was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance. SOE agents allied themselves with French Resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England.

Starr was wounded and captured by the German

SS on 18 July 1943 and imprisoned for the remainder of the war. After World War II, Starr was accused by several other SOE agents of collaboration with the Germans while he was a captive. John Starr's brother George Starr
was also an SOE agent.

Early life

Starr was born in

Field Security Police. He escaped to England when France was overrun by Nazi Germany. He joined the SOE in early 1941.[3]

Special Operations Executive

First Mission

Starr parachuted "blind" (without being met on the ground) near

Andre Girard. Starr learned from Churchill and his own experience that CARTE was largely a fantasy of Girard's. He returned to England in November. Oddly enough, as he was boarding a small boat to slip out of France, he encountered his older brother George who was arriving in France as an SOE agent.[5][6]

Second Mission

Starr was held in high regard by SOE and, along with a wireless operator, John Young, he parachuted into France again on the night of 15–16 May 1943, landing near

Acrobat network, operating around Saint-Étienne and Dijon. Shortly after his arrival, Starr narrowly escaped being captured in Clermont-Ferrand. The Germans had penetrated several SOE networks and captured agents in that area. Starr was joined in Acrobat by saboteur Harry Rée and courier Diana Rowden. Rée soon departed for another network. He did not like Starr's "assertive manner" and believed the network was insecure.[7][8]

Capture and collaboration

On 18 July 1943 Starr was captured by the Germans after being betrayed by a Frenchman he had recruited. He attempted to escape en route to a prison in Dijon and was shot twice in the thigh and foot. He was placed in the custody of the

SS. In Dijon, he said the Germans tortured him by beating on his wounded thigh but he didn't reveal any significant information to them. He was transferred to Fresnes Prison in Paris and in late September to SD headquarters at 84 Avenue Foch in Paris.[9]

The head of the Paris SD was an ex-policemen named

Noor Inyat Khan, and a French colonel, Leon Faye, he tried to escape in late 1943 by climbing out the skylight of his room onto the roof of the building, but the three were soon recaptured.[10][11] Kieffer threatened to shoot them, but relented on condition that they gave their word of honor not to attempt another escape. Khan and Faye declined; but Starr gave his word. Khan and Faye were sent to concentration camps in Germany and later executed.[12]

After the escape attempt, Starr again became friendly with the Germans, even going out to restaurants with some of them and on an operation to identify the bodies of British airmen who had been shot down near Paris. He helped the SD send bogus wireless messages by correcting spelling and editing mistakes. The Germans he worked with later described him as "weak and misguided rather than knowingly treacherous."[13][14]

A German concentration camp

Starr remained at Avenue Foch until August 1944 when, after the

Red Cross and taken to Switzerland as the war in Europe drew to a close.[16]

Post World War II

Starr testified at the war crimes trial of Josef Kieffer. He said that Kieffer had not mistreated prisoners and that he did not believe that Kieffer would "take part in the deliberate murder of British prisoners." Kieffer was found guilty and hanged.[17]

Stories from other SOE agents who shared his captivity at Avenue Foch resulted in doubts being raised about Starr's loyalty, and his case became the subject of an

Buchenwald concentration camp. Starr later returned to live in Paris, then moved to Switzerland where he died in 1996.[18]

References

  1. ^ 1911 England Census
  2. ^ "John Ashford Renshaw STARR". Discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
  3. ^ Glass, Charles (2018). They Fought Alone. New York: Penguin Press. pp. 15–20.
  4. ^ Foot, M.R.D. (1966), SOE in France, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Foot, pp. 210–211
  5. ^ Foot, pp. 210–211
  6. ^ Glass, pp. 22–25
  7. ^ Foot, p. 286
  8. ^ Glass, pp. 87–88
  9. ^ Glass, pp. 87–91, 104–105
  10. ^ Glass, pp. 104–110.
  11. ^ Foot, pp. 333–334
  12. ^ Helm, Sarah (2005), A Life in Secrets, New York: Doubleday, pp. 122–123
  13. ^ Foot, p. 334
  14. ^ Glass, pp. 149–150
  15. ^ Glass, pp. 220–225
  16. ^ Glass, pp. 220–225, 245–248
  17. ^ Glass 2018, pp. 257–258.
  18. ^ Glass, pp. 248–252, 267

External links

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