John Wilson Carpenter III

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John Wilson Carpenter III
Netherlands East Indies
Battle of the Coral Sea
Papua New Guinea
Rabaul, New Britain

John Wilson Carpenter III (August 11, 1916 – November 8, 1996) was a 1939 graduate of the

pilot and commander, including significant combat service.[1]

Education

Carpenter studied

Randolph Field, Texas and Kelly Field
, Texas, receiving his pilot wings in June 1940.

Military career

Carpenter's first flying assignment was with the

Philippine Islands, where he was assigned as squadron intelligence officer and combat crew commander
.

B-17s of the 19th Bombardment Group attacking Japanese-held Lae Airfield, New Guinea on 26–27 June 1942. Boeing B-17E Fortress 41-2633 (Sally) in Foreground. This aircraft was damaged by a storm in April 1945. Afterwards it was flown to Brisbane, Australia for scrapping in May 1945

Combat 1941-1942

When the Japanese attacked Clark Field on December 8, 1941, then-

19th Bombardment Group
returned to the United States in December 1942.

Post-combat 1943-1944

Command Pilot Badge, WWII Army design and currently Air Force regulation

After returning to the continental U.S., Carpenter served on tours of duty at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida; Headquarters Army Air Forces Bombardment Training Division, Washington, D.C.; and Headquarters Twentieth Air Force in Washington and the Mariana Islands.

B-29s

The new

B-29 Superfortress had serious teething problems and General Arnold became alarmed at the situation and directed that his assistant, Major General B. E. Meyer, personally take charge of the entire modification program. The resulting burst of activity that took place between 10 March and 15 April 1944 came to be known as the "Battle of Kansas." Carpenter, with many others, played an important part in getting the B-29s ready for combat duties.[5]

Twentieth Air Force

Main article: Twentieth Air Force

The Twentieth Air Force was brought into existence on 4 April 1944 specifically to perform strategic bombardment missions against Japan. This was done at the insistence of

China Burma India Theater commanders. Twentieth Air Force was to be commanded by General Arnold himself at Joint Chiefs of Staff level. Carpenter had been involved in the training division for the B-29s then assigned to the Headquarters of the Twentieth Air Force in Washington. The Twentieth Air Force was completely autonomous and its B-29s were to be completely independent of other command structures and would be dedicated exclusively against strategic targets in Japan.[5][6]

B-29s of the 58th Bomb Wing on a mission to Rangood, Burma, 1944

In addition Twentieth Air Force was chosen (secretly) to be the operational component of the Manhattan Project in 1944, and performed the atomic attacks on Japan in August 1945. In 1944, one of Carpenter's duties was to help oversee the personnel selected for the 509th Composite Group and to support the independence of this unit.[6]

Initially under the command of General

U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific which was commanded by General Carl Spaatz.[5][6]

Operation Matterhorn

Main article: Operation Matterhorn

Operation Matterhorn was the name for the

B-29 Superfortress offensive against the Empire of Japan from airfields in China. On 10 April 1944, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) informally approved Operation Matterhorn. The operational vehicle was to be the 58th Bombardment Wing (Very Heavy) of the XX Bomber Command.[5][6]

Twentieth Bomb Wing B-29s flying near Mount Fuji, Japan, 1945

By late 1944, it was becoming apparent that B-29 operations against Japan staged out of bases in China and India were far too expensive in men and materials and would have to be stopped. In December 1944, the Joint Chiefs of Staff made the decision that Operation Matterhorn would be phased out, and the 58th Bombardment Wing's B-29s would be moved to newly captured bases in the Marianas in the central Pacific. Carpenter moved there to help expedite the Twentieth Air Force mission and to help prepare for the movement of the 509th there.[5][6]

The

Tinian, and Guam, were considered as being ideal bases from which to launch B-29 operations against Japan. The islands were about 1500 miles from Tokyo, a range which the B-29s could just about manage. Most important of all, they could be put on a direct supply line from the United States by ship.[5][6]

Post war

Later tours included

Edwards Air Force Base, California. In July 1961 he was assigned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. In August 1965 he was appointed commander of Air University, where he served until July 1968 when he returned to Headquarters U.S. Air Force as Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel. In August 1969 he was appointed assistant Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Air Force, with additional duty as senior Air Force member, Military Staff Committee, United Nations
, in which positions he completed his active duty military service.

Retirement from active duty

Carpenter retired in the rank of

Culver Military Academy from 1970 to 1974.[7]

Military ranks

O-1 O-2 O-3 O-4 O-5 O-6 O-7 O-8 O-9
Insignia
Title
Second lieutenant
First lieutenant
 Captain Major Lieutenant colonel Colonel Brigadier general Major general Lieutenant general
Date of rank 1939

Decorations

Carpenter's military decorations include the

Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster, the Silver Star with two oak leaf clusters, the Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters, Distinguished Flying Cross with two oak leaf clusters and the Air Medal with oak leaf cluster. He was also awarded World War II service medals.[7][8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Air Force Library: Lt Gen John W. Carpenter, biography posted at URL http://airforce.dtic.mil/news/biographies/carpenter_jw.html[permanent dead link], 6 May 2000; http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=4930 Archived 2013-03-31 at the Wayback Machine, updated 2010. NOTE: This reference is a public document, but has been quoted on the internet verbatim without reference to the original source, obscuring its primary source and implying it is copyrighted by the secondary source.
  2. ^ William H. Bartsch: December 8, 1941: MacArthur's Pearl Harbor, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, Tex., p. 331.
  3. ^ Gene Eric Salecker: Fortress Against the Sun: The B-17 Flying Fortress in the Pacific. Da Capo Press, Cambridge, Mass. and New York, 2001, p. 43.
  4. ^ Salecker, op. cit.
  5. ^
    ISBN 0-283-98786-3
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 0-911852-85-9
    .
  7. ^ a b American Biographical Institute, op. cit.
  8. ^ Air Force Library, op. cit.

References

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