Jonê County

Coordinates: 34°35′N 103°30′E / 34.583°N 103.500°E / 34.583; 103.500
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Jonê County
卓尼县 · ཅོ་ནེ་རྫོང་།
Zhuoni, Cone, Chone, Choni
Postal code
747600
Websitewww.zhuoni.gov.cn
Jonê County
Chinese name
Tibetan
ཅོ་ནེ་རྫོང་།

Jonê County (also Cone, Chone, Choni;

Gansu Province, China. Its postal code is 747600. Its area is 4,954 km2 (1,913 sq mi), and its population is over 100,000 people. It is administered from Liulin.[2]

Description

The county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu-chu. The country town and adjacent

Jonê Monastery are on the north bank. The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jonê.[2]

Historical Tibetan Jonê Kingdom

Among Tibetan at Amdo, Jonê exist the Jonê Kingdom (Tibetan: ཅོ་ནེ་དཔོན་པོ, Wylie: co-ne-dpon-po,[3] Chinese: 卓尼土司; pinyin: Zhuóní Tǔsī), ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang (杨) clan, was a Tusi chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom, Choni Kingdom, or Jonê Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang (dga' tshang) family at Tibet. In 1404, whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers, and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang (杨). The Yangs ruled Jonê from 1404 until 1949.[4][5]

List of Kings of Jonê

There are list kings of Jonê Kingdom:[6][7][8]

  1. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཤིས་བསྡུས།
  2. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཙན་པོ།
  3. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཀྲ་ཤིས།
  4. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དགའ་སྐྱེད།
  5. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་དབང་ཕྱུག named 杨洪; Yáng Hóng
  6. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་དྲིན། named 杨臻; Yáng Zhēn
  7. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་ཚེ་མེས། named 杨葵明; Yáng Kuímíng
  8. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་གོ་ལུང་། named 杨国龙; Yáng Guólóng
  9. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་དོན་གྲུབ། named 杨朝梁; Yáng Cháoliáng
  10. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་དོན་གྲུབ། named 杨威; Yáng Wēi
  11. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་མང་སྲོལ་མགོན་པོ། named 杨汝松; Yáng Rǔsōng
  12. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ནོར་བུ། named 杨冲霄; Yáng Chōngxiāo
  13. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསོད་ནམས་ཆོས་འཕེལ། named 杨昭; Yáng Zhāo
  14. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་སྲུང་ཚེ་རིང་། named 杨声; Yáng Shēng
  15. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རིན་ཆེན་ཆོས་སྐྱབས། named 杨宗业; Yáng Zōngyè
  16. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆོས་སྐྱབས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨宗基; Yáng Zōngjī
  17. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་རིན་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨元; Yáng Yuán
  18. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨作霖; Yáng Zuòlín
  19. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློ་བཟང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྡོ་རྗེ། named 杨积庆; Yáng Jīqìng
  20. ཅོ་ནེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་པད་མ་དབང་ཕྱུག named 杨复兴; Yáng Fùxīng

History

"There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind [after the late 10th century] at several border outposts, such as Jonê, where they established viable settlements, and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops, called the Wun Mo, carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock, which came to form the
Hsi Hsia Kingdom (982—1224)."[9]

Jonê was part of a separate kingdom formed, according to legend, after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from Sichuan conquering the local tribes in 1404. The contemporary descendants of the Jonê royal line claim that their line is Tibetan, and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan.

The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424) named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief (tusi) called Zhouni Tusi (卓尼土司), bestowing the family name of "Yang" ("杨") and an imperial seal upon his line. The Jonê king (co-ne rgyal-po) established a palace on the north bank of the Tao River. The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jonê as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations, until 1928, when it was placed under the control of the Lanzhou government.[10] In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period, many nomadic regions had considerable de facto independence,[11] despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers.[4]

Among the six monasteries in the county, all of them Tibetan

Jonê Monastery.[2]

The American botanist

National Geographic.[14][15][16]

As of 2012, Jonê was apparently closed to foreign visitors.[14]

Administrative divisions

Jonê County is divided to 11 towns, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township.[17]

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Tibetan Wylie Administrative division code
Towns
Liulin Town
(Jangcai) 		柳林镇 Liǔlín Zhèn ལྕང་ཚལ་གྲོང་རྡལ། lcang tshal grong rdal 623022100
Maru Town
(Mu'er) 		木耳镇 Mù'ěr Zhèn མ་རུ་གྲོང་རྡལ། ma ru grong rdal 623022101
Chagkoglung Town
(Chakunglung, Zhagulu) 		扎古录镇 Zhāgǔlù Zhèn བྲག་ཁོག་ལུང་གྲོང་རྡལ། brag khog lung grong rdal 623022102
Karqên Town
(Ka'erqin) 		喀尔钦镇 Kā'ěrqīn Zhèn མཁར་ཆེན་གྲོང་རྡལ། mkhar chen grong rdal 623022103
Zangbawa Town 藏巴哇镇 Zàngbāwā Zhèn གཙང་པ་བ་གྲོང་རྡལ། gtsang pa ba grong rdal 623022104
Nalung Town
(Nalang) 		纳浪镇 Nàlàng Zhèn གནའ་ལུང་གྲོང་རྡལ། gna' lung grong rdal 623022105
Taoyan Town
(Lawoxi) 		洮砚镇 Táoyàn Zhèn གླ་བོ་གཤིས་གྲོང་རྡལ། gla bo gshis grong rdal 623022106
Asigtang Town
(Azitang) 		阿子滩镇 Āzǐtān Zhèn ཨ་གཟིགས་ཐང་གྲོང་རྡལ། a gzigs thang grong rdal 623022107
Xincang Town
(Shencang, Shenzang) 		申藏镇 Shēncáng Zhèn གཤིན་ཚང་གྲོང་རྡལ། gshin tshang grong rdal 623022108
Wamar Town
(Wanmao) 		完冒镇 Wánmào Zhèn ཝ་དམར་གྲོང་རྡལ། wa dmar grong rdal 623022109
Nyinba Town
(Niba) 		尼巴镇 Níbā Zhèn ཉིན་པ་གྲོང་རྡལ། nyin pa grong rdal 623022110
Townships
Dokog Township
(Daogao) 		刀告乡 Dāogào Xiāng མདོ་ཁོག་ཤང་། mdo khog shang 623022202
Kyagê Township
(Qiagai) 		恰盖乡 Qiàgài Xiāng ཁྱ་དགེ་ཤང་། khya dge shang 623022207
Kangtog Township
(Kangduo) 		康多乡 Kāngduō Xiāng ཁང་ཐོག་ཤང་། khang thog shang 623022208
Ethnic township
Xowa Tu Ethnic Township
(Shaowa) 		杓哇土族乡 Biāowā Tǔzú Xiāng ཤོ་བ་ཧོར་རིགས་ཤང་། sho ba hor-rigs shang 623022209

Climate

Climate data for Jonê (1991–2015 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4) 		22.2
(72.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		32.1
(89.8) 		29.2
(84.6) 		29.7
(85.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		31.0
(87.8) 		29.0
(84.2) 		23.6
(74.5) 		20.1
(68.2) 		16.5
(61.7) 		33.5
(92.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.7
(38.7) 		6.3
(43.3) 		10.4
(50.7) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.7
(69.3) 		22.8
(73.0) 		22.5
(72.5) 		18.4
(65.1) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.7
(49.5) 		5.4
(41.7) 		13.9
(57.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) −6.1
(21.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		2.0
(35.6) 		6.8
(44.2) 		10.4
(50.7) 		13.6
(56.5) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		11.7
(53.1) 		6.4
(43.5) 		0.5
(32.9) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		5.8
(42.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −13
(9) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		0.5
(32.9) 		4.5
(40.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		10.6
(51.1) 		10.2
(50.4) 		7.3
(45.1) 		1.9
(35.4) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		0.0
(32.1)
Record low °C (°F) −23.3
(−9.9) 		−20.4
(−4.7) 		−18.3
(−0.9) 		−8.6
(16.5) 		−6.1
(21.0) 		0.7
(33.3) 		2.2
(36.0) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−3.7
(25.3) 		−8.8
(16.2) 		−16.2
(2.8) 		−21.8
(−7.2) 		−23.3
(−9.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 4.9
(0.19) 		6.1
(0.24) 		17.7
(0.70) 		40.1
(1.58) 		82.1
(3.23) 		77.0
(3.03) 		101.8
(4.01) 		86.2
(3.39) 		73.3
(2.89) 		46.7
(1.84) 		7.0
(0.28) 		2.1
(0.08) 		545
(21.46)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.9 7.0 10.3 11.8 16.1 16.5 15.6 14.7 15.3 13.4 5.0 3.3 134.9
Average snowy days 10.3 10.8 13.1 7.6 1.8 0.1 0 0 0.2 4.6 7.5 6.6 62.6
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		53 54 58 60 64 69 72 73 75 72 62 54 64
Mean monthly sunshine hours 200.7 183.8 202.7 210.9 213.6 199.9 216.9 208.0 158.7 167.5 192.6 205.9 2,361.2
Percent possible sunshine 64 59 54 53 49 46 50 51 43 49 63 68 54
Source: China Meteorological Administration[18][19]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ "甘南州第七次全国人口普查公报" (in Chinese). Government of Gannan Prefecture. 2021-05-27.
  2. ^ a b c Dorje (2009), p. 812.
  3. ISBN 7-119-03497-9
    .
  4. ^ a b Tibetan Historical Polities: [1], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  5. ^ Tibetan, Jone in China: [2], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  6. ^ Buddhist Digital Resource Center: [3], retrieved 19 Aug 2017
  7. ^ http://www.zhuoni.gov.cn/info/1149/4595.htm, retrieved 21 July 2022
  8. ^ http://places.kmaps.virginia.edu/features/24353/descriptions/81, retrieved 21 July 2022
  9. ^ Snellgrove & Richardson (1995), p. 111.
  10. ^ Cabot (2003, pp. 157-158.
  11. ^ Ekvall (1939).
  12. ^ "www.tibetcul.com". www.tibetcul.com. Retrieved 21 July 2022.[title missing]
  13. ^ https://www.sohu.com/a/428503229_120068472, retrieved 21 July 2022 ("Following the footsteps of the Austrian explorer of 80 years' ago in Jonê and Tewo; entering the mysterious Shambala world recorded by the botanist Rock"), 2012-12-17
  14. ^ a b Michael Woodhead, In the footsteps of Joseph Rock. Chapter 10, "Seeking the Mountains of Mystery: Travels to Choni and Amnye Machen".
  15. Kansu Province
    , China". National Geographic, (1928): 569-619
  16. ^ "A Righteous and Enlightened Chief". charmingbeijing.com. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
  17. ^ "2022年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：卓尼县" (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of China.
  18. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  19. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.

References

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