Joseph Spencer

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For other people named Joseph Spencer, see Joseph Spencer (disambiguation).
Joseph Spencer
Connecticut Council
In office
1780–1789
In office
1776–1776
Member of the
Continental Congress
In office
1779–1779
Preceded byOliver Wolcott
Succeeded byOliver Wolcott
Personal details
BornOctober 3, 1714
East Haddam, Connecticut, British America
DiedJanuary 13, 1789 (1789-01-14) (aged 74)
East Haddam, Connecticut, U.S.
Spouses
Martha Brainerd
​
​
(m. 1738; died 1754)​
Hannah Brown Southmaid
​
​
(m. 1756)​
Children13
Parents
  • Isaac Spencer
  • Mary Selden
ProfessionLawyer
Military service
Allegiance
  • United States of America
Branch/service
Years of service
  • 1758 (British Militia)
  • 1775–1778 (Continental Army)
RankMajor general
Unit12th Connecticut Militia
2nd Connecticut Regiment
Battles/warsKing George's War

French and Indian War

Revolutionary War

Joseph Spencer (October 3, 1714 – January 13, 1789) was an American lawyer, soldier, and statesman from Connecticut. During the Revolutionary War, he served both as a delegate to the Continental Congress and as a major general in the Continental Army.[1]

Early life

Spencer was born in

née Selden) Spencer.[2] He was the great-grandson of Gerard and Hannah Spencer, who were part of the first settlers of East Haddam in 1662.[1]

Career

He was trained as a lawyer and practiced until 1753, when he became a judge. He was active in the

Lieutenant Colonel of the Middlesex militia in the French and Indian War.[3]

Brigadier General of Connecticut’s militia, and in April 1775 he led them to support the Siege of Boston as the 2nd Connecticut Regiment. In June, when these units were adopted into the national army, he was made a brigadier general in the Continental Army; he was amongst the first eight Continental Army brigadier generals so appointed.[3]

In 1776, Spencer was promoted to major general in support of William Heath in the Eastern Department.[4] The following year his military career became difficult. He cancelled a planned attack on British forces in Rhode Island and was censured by the Continental Congress. He demanded a court of inquiry and was exonerated, but when the controversy was resolved, he resigned his commission on January 14, 1778.[5]

Spencer first served on the

Connecticut Council (or Connecticut State Senate) in 1776. Free of military responsibility, the state sent him as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1779. In 1780, he was returned to the council, and served there until his death.[3] From 1784 until his death, he was also a judge of the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors.[6] After the Revolutionary War he became eligible for membership in the Society of the Cincinnati of the State of Connecticut.[7][8]

Personal life

August 2, 1738, Joseph Spencer married Martha Brainerd (1716–1754), with whom he had five children.[9]

  • Martha Spencer (1739–1739/40), who died young.[9]
  • Martha Spencer (c. 1740), who married Joseph Cone, Jr. (born 1735).[9]
  • Anne Spencer (born 1746).[9]
  • Joseph Spencer, Jr. (1750–1824),[2] who became a surgeon and served as an aid to his father during the Revolution.[1]
  • Nehemiah Spencer (born 1752)

After his first wife's death in 1754, he married Hannah (née Brown) Southmaid (1730–1808), with whom he had eight more children, including:[1][9]

Spencer died on January 13, 1789, in East Haddam and was buried in Millington Cemetery west of the Millington Green section of East Haddam near where he lived. Later he and his wife were re-interred at the Nathan Hale Park of East Haddam and a monument was erected in his honor.[3]

Descendants

His granddaughter through his son Joseph, Elizabeth Spencer, was married to General

President James Buchanan.[9]

Major General Robert Ernest Noble was Spencer's great-great-great-grandson and became a member of the Society of the Cincinnati.[13]

References

Notes
  1. ^ a b c d Whittelsey, Charles Barney. "Historical Sketch of Joseph Spencer - Sons of the American Revolution, Connecticut". www.connecticutsar.org. Historian Society of the Sons of the Revolution in the State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ a b Daughters of the American Revolution (1897). Lineage Book - National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Daughters of the American Revolution. p. 227. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d "SPENCER, Joseph - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  4. ^ "To George Washington from Major General Joseph Spencer, 11 July 1777". founders.archives.gov. Founders Online. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  5. ^ https://www.sarconnecticut.org/historical-sketch-of-joseph-spencer/
  6. ^ Day, Thomas (1809). Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Errors, of the State of Connecticut, in the years 1805, 1806, and 1807. Vol. 2. p. xii-xiii.
  7. ^ Metcalf, Bryce (1938). Original Members and Other Officers Eligible to the Society of the Cincinnati, 1783-1938: With the Institution, Rules of Admission, and Lists of the Officers of the General and State Societies. Strasburg, Va.: Shenandoah Publishing House, Inc. p. 293.
  8. ^ "Officers Represented in the Society of the Cincinnati". The American Revolution Institute of the Society of the Cincinnati. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Niles, Hosford Buel (1887). The Old Chimney Stacks of East Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut. Lowe & Company, Book and Job Printers. p. 125. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  10. ^ Fernald, Natalie R. (May 1904). The Genealogical Exchange, Volumes 1–7. p. 26. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  11. ^ Loomis, Elias (1880). The Descendants (by the Female Branches) of Joseph Loomis: Who Came from Braintree, England, in the Year 1638, and Settled in Windsor, Connecticut in 1639. Tuttle, Morehouse and Taylor. p. 121. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  12. ISBN 9780806300078
    . Retrieved 22 September 2017.
  13. ^ Roster of the Society of the Cincinnati. Washington, DC: Society of the Cincinnati. 1959. p. 90 – via Google Books.
Sources

External links

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