Josephson junction count

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D-Wave TwoX "Washington" quantum annealing
processor chip mounted and wire-bonded in a sample holder. This chip was introduced in 2015 and includes 128,472 Josephson junctions.

The Josephson junction count is the number of

superconducting integrated circuit chip. Josephson junctions are active circuit elements in superconducting circuits. The Josephson junction count is a measure of circuit or device complexity, similar to the transistor count
used for semiconductor integrated circuits.

Examples of circuits using Josephson junctions include digital circuits based on

analog circuits
, etc.

Integrated circuits

The superconducting integrated circuits listed here must have been fabricated and tested, but are not required to be commercially available. Chip area includes the full extent of the chip.

Reference Description Junction
count 		Date Maker Process Circuit
[mm²] 		Chip
[mm²]
[1]
NOT gate
 13 1987 Moscow State U. 10 µm, 5 MA/m2, 2 Nb 1.1 ?
CORE1α6[2] RSFQ microprocessor, 8 bit 6,319 2004 NEC 2 µm, 25 MA/m2 10.9 ?
SCRAM2[3] RSFQ microprocessor, 8 bit 8,197 2006 SRL 2 µm, 25 MA/m2 15.3 25
CORE1γ[4] RSFQ microprocessor, 8 bit 22,302 2007 ISTEC 2 µm, 25 MA/m2 40.45 64
Rainier[5]
 RSFQ, 128 qubit QA processor 23,360 2010 D-Wave, SVTC 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2,[6] 6 Nb 8 32
Vesuvius SFQ, 512 qubit QA processor 96,000 2012 D-Wave, SVTC 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2, 6 Nb 8 162
[7] RSFQ, 16-bit adder 12,785 2012 SBU, AIST 1 µm, 100 MA/m2, 10 Nb 8.5 29.75
[8] 8,192 bit shift register 32,800 2014 SBU, MIT-LL 500 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb 9 25
Washington (W1K) SFQ, 2048 qubit QA processor 128,472 2015 D-Wave, Cypress 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2, 6 Nb 30.3 136
[9]
RQL
, 2 shift registers 		72,800 2015 NGC, MIT-LL 500 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb 9 25
[10] 16000 bit shift register 65,000 2017 SBU, MIT-LL 500 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb 12 25
[10] 36000 bit shift register 144,000 2017 SBU, MIT-LL 350 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb 15 25
[10] 202280 bit shift register 809,150 2017 SBU, MIT-LL 350 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb 64 100
Pegasus P16 SFQ, 5640 qubit QA processor 1,030,000 2020 D-Wave, SkyWater Technology 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2, 6 Nb 70.6 ?

Maker column may include organizations that designed and fabricated the chip.

Process column information: minimum linewidth, Josephson junction critical current density, superconducting layer number and materials. Conversions for units of critical current density: 1 MA/m2 = 1 µA/µm2 = 100 A/cm2.

Memory

Memory is an electronic

data storage device, often used as computer memory
, on a single integrated circuit chip. The superconducting integrated circuits listed here must have been fabricated and tested, but are not required to be commercially available. Chip area includes the full extent of the chip.

Reference Description Junction
count 		Date Maker Process Circuit
[mm²] 		Chip
[mm²]
[11] 1024 bit ROM, NbN/MgO/NbN junctions 5,943 1990 Electrotechnical Lab, Japan 3 µm, 5.6 MA/m2, 2 Nb + 1 Pb-In ? 17.25
[12] 4096 bit RAM 23,488 2005 ISTEC 1 µm, 100 MA/m2, 10 Nb 5.5 ?

References

  1. doi:10.1109/TMAG.1987.1064953
    .
  2. S2CID 21115527
    .
  3. S2CID 42842976
    .
  4. S2CID 121079166
    .
  5. S2CID 16656122
    .
  6. S2CID 44902153
    .
  7. S2CID 24955156
    .
  8. S2CID 29766710
    .
  9. S2CID 10139340
    .
  10. ^
    S2CID 5883687
    .
  11. doi:10.1109/20.133887
    .
  12. S2CID 44057953
    .
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