D-Wave Systems
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This article needs to be updated.(December 2023) |
Company type | Public company |
---|---|
NYSE: QBTS | |
Industry | Computer hardware |
Founded | 1999 |
Founders |
|
Headquarters | Burnaby, British Columbia Canada |
Key people |
|
Products | D-Wave One, D-Wave Two, D-Wave 2X, D-Wave 2000Q, D-Wave Advantage |
Revenue | US$7.2 million (2022) |
Number of employees | c. 215 (2022) |
Subsidiaries | D-Wave Government |
Website | www |
Footnotes / references [1] |
49°15′24″N 122°59′57″W / 49.256613°N 122.9990452°W
D-Wave Quantum Systems Inc. is a Canadian
D-Wave does not implement a generic quantum computer; instead, their computers implement specialized quantum annealing.[3]
History
D-Wave was founded by Haig Farris, Geordie Rose, Bob Wiens, and Alexandre Zagoskin.
D-Wave operated as an offshoot from UBC, while maintaining ties with the Department of Physics and Astronomy.
On May 11, 2011, D-Wave Systems announced
In May 2013, a collaboration between NASA, Google and the Universities Space Research Association (USRA) launched a Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab based on the D-Wave Two 512-qubit quantum computer that would be used for research into machine learning, among other fields of study.[17]
On August 20, 2015, D-Wave Systems announced[18] the general availability of the D-Wave 2X[19] system, a 1000-qubit+ quantum computer. This was followed by an announcement[20] on September 28, 2015, that it had been installed at the Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab at NASA Ames Research Center.
In January 2017, D-Wave released the D-Wave 2000Q and an open source repository containing software tools for quantum annealers. It contains Qbsolv,[21][22][23] which is a piece of open-source software that solves QUBO problems on both company's quantum processors and classic hardware architectures.
D-Wave operated from various locations in Vancouver, British Columbia, and laboratory spaces at UBC before moving to its current location in the neighboring suburb of Burnaby. D-Wave also has offices in Palo Alto and Vienna, USA.[citation needed]
Computer systems
The first commercially produced D-Wave processor was a programmable,[24] superconducting integrated circuit with up to 128 pair-wise coupled[25] superconducting flux qubits.[26][27][28] The 128-qubit processor was superseded by a 512-qubit processor in 2013.[29] The processor is designed to implement a special-purpose quantum annealing[10][11][12][13] as opposed to being operated as a universal gate-model quantum computer.
The underlying ideas for the D-Wave approach arose from experimental results in
D-Wave maintains a list of peer-reviewed technical publications by their own scientists and others on their website.[36]
Orion prototype
On February 13, 2007, D-Wave demonstrated the Orion system, running three different applications at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California. This marked the first public demonstration of, supposedly, a quantum computer and associated service.[citation needed]
The first application, an example of
The processors at the heart of D-Wave's "Orion quantum computing system" are designed for use as
According to the company, a conventional front end running an application that requires the solution of an NP-complete problem, such as pattern matching, passes the problem to the Orion system.
According to Geordie Rose, founder and Chief Technology Officer of D-Wave, NP-complete problems "are probably not exactly solvable, no matter how big, fast or advanced computers get"; the adiabatic quantum computer used by the Orion system is intended to quickly compute an approximate solution.[40]
2009 Google demonstration
On December 8, 2009, at the Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) conference, a Google research team led by Hartmut Neven used D-Wave's processor to train a binary image classifier.[41]
D-Wave One
On May 11, 2011, D-Wave Systems announced the D-Wave One, an integrated quantum computer system running on a 128-qubit processor. The processor used in the D-Wave One, code-named "Rainier," performs a single mathematical operation,
A research team led by Matthias Troyer and Daniel Lidar found that, while there is evidence of quantum annealing in D-Wave One, they saw no speed increase compared to classical computers. They implemented an optimized classical algorithm to solve the same particular problem as the D-Wave One.[43][44]
Lockheed Martin and D-Wave collaboration
In Nov 2010,[45] Lockheed Martin signed a multi-year contract with D-Wave Systems to realize the benefits based upon a quantum annealing processor applied to some of Lockheed's most challenging computation problems. The contract was later announced on May 25, 2011. The contract included purchase of the D-Wave One quantum computer, maintenance, and associated professional services.[46]
Optimization problem-solving in protein structure determination
In August 2012, a team of Harvard University researchers presented results of the largest protein-folding problem solved to date using a quantum computer. The researchers solved instances of a lattice protein folding model, known as the
D-Wave Two
In early 2012, D-Wave Systems revealed a 512-qubit quantum computer, code-named Vesuvius,[49] which was launched as a production processor in 2013.[50]
In May 2013, Catherine McGeoch, a consultant for D-Wave, published the first comparison of the technology against regular top-end desktop computers running an optimization algorithm. Using a configuration with 439 qubits, the system performed 3,600 times as fast as CPLEX, the best algorithm on the conventional machine, solving problems with 100 or more variables in half a second compared with half an hour. The results are presented at the Computing Frontiers 2013 conference.[51]
In March 2013 several groups of researchers at the Adiabatic Quantum Computing workshop at the Institute of Physics in London produced evidence, though only indirect, of quantum entanglement in the D-Wave chips.[52]
In May 2013 it was announced that a collaboration between NASA, Google and the USRA launched a Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab at the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division at Ames Research Center in California, using a 512-qubit D-Wave Two that would be used for research into machine learning, among other fields of study.[17][53]
D-Wave 2X and D-Wave 2000Q
On August 20, 2015, D-Wave released general availability of their D-Wave 2X computer, with 1000 qubits in a Chimera graph architecture (although, due to magnetic offsets and manufacturing variability inherent in the superconductor circuit fabrication, fewer than 1152 qubits are functional and available for use; the exact number of qubits yielded will vary with each specific processor manufactured). This was accompanied by a report comparing speeds with high-end single threaded CPUs.[54] Unlike previous reports, this one explicitly stated that question of quantum speedup was not something they were trying to address, and focused on constant-factor performance gains over classical hardware. For general-purpose problems, a speedup of 15x was reported, but it is worth noting that these classical algorithms benefit efficiently from parallelization—so that the computer would be performing on par with, perhaps, 30 high-end single-threaded cores.
The D-Wave 2X processor is based on a 2048-qubit chip with half of the qubits disabled; these were activated in the D-Wave 2000Q.[55][56]
Advantage
In February 2019 D-Wave announced the next-generation system that would become the Advantage.[57] The Advantage architecture would increase the total number of qubits to over 5000 and switch to the Pegasus graph topology, increasing the per-qubit connections to 15. D-WAVE claimed the Advantage architecture provided a 10x speedup in time-to-solve over the 2000Q product offering. D-WAVE claims that an incremental follow-up Advantage Performance Update provides 2x speedup over Advantage and a 20x speedup over 2000Q, among other improvements.[58]
See also
- List of companies involved in quantum computing or communication
- Adiabatic quantum computation
- Analog computer
- AQUA@home
- Flux qubit
- Quantum annealing
- Superconducting quantum computing
- IBM Q System One
References
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- ^ a b "First Ever Commercial Quantum Computer Now Available for $10 Million". Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2011.
- ^ "D-Wave Embraces Gate-Based Quantum Computing; Charts Path Forward". HPCwire. October 21, 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
- ^ "Department staff - Dr Alexandre Zagoskin - Physics - Loughborough University". lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-06-25. Retrieved 2012-12-05.
- ^ "UBC Physics & Astronomy -". ubc.ca.
- ^ "D-Wave Systems at the Way Back Machine". 2002-11-23. Archived from the original on 2002-11-23. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
- ^ "D-Wave Systems at the Way Back Machine". 2005-03-24. Archived from the original on 2005-03-24. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
- ^ "D-Wave Systems Building Quantum Application Ecosystem, Announces Partnerships with DNA-SEQ Alliance and 1QBit". Archived from the original on 2019-12-31. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
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- ^ a b Choi, Charles (May 16, 2013). "Google and NASA Launch Quantum Computing AI Lab". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
- ^ "D-Wave Systems Announces the General Availability of the 1000+ Qubit D-Wave 2X Quantum Computer | D-Wave Systems". www.dwavesys.com. Archived from the original on 2021-08-20. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
- ^ "The D-Wave 2000Q™ System | D-Wave Systems".
- ^ "D-Wave Systems Announces Multi-Year Agreement To Provide Its Technology To Google, NASA And USRA's Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab | D-Wave Systems". www.dwavesys.com. Retrieved 2015-10-14.
- ^ Finley, Klint (11 January 2017). "Quantum Computing Is Real, and D-Wave Just Open-Sourced It". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ "D-Wave Initiates Open Quantum Software Environment". D-Wave Systems. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ^ "dwavesystems/qbsolv". GitHub. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
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- ^ Next Big Future: Robust and Scalable Flux Qubit, [1] Archived 2013-08-16 at the Wayback Machine, September 23, 2009
- ^ Next Big Future: Dwave Systems Adiabatic Quantum Computer [2] Archived 2013-08-19 at the Wayback Machine, October 23, 2009
- ^ D-Wave Systems: D-Wave Two Quantum Computer Selected for New Quantum Artificial Intelligence Initiative, System to be Installed at NASA's Ames Research Center, and Operational in Q3, [3] Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine, May 16, 2013
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External links
- Official website
- "Announcement of the 16-qubit quantum computer demonstration". Jan 19, 2007.
- Quantum Computing Day 2: Image Recognition with an Adiabatic Quantum Computer on YouTube
- Karimi, Kamran; Dickson, Neil G.; et al. (Jan 27, 2011). "Investigating the Performance of an Adiabatic Quantum Optimization Processor". ].
Theoretical performance of a D-Wave processor
- Ghosh, A.; Mukherjee, S. (Dec 2, 2013). "Quantum Annealing and Computation: A Brief Documentary Note". Science and Culture. 79: 485–500. Bibcode:2013arXiv1310.1339G.