Joshua Angrist

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Joshua Angrist
Whitney Newey
Doctoral
students		Esther Duflo
Melissa Kearney
Jeffrey R. Kling
ContributionsLocal average treatment effect
AwardsNobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2021)
Information at IDEAS / RePEc
Academic background
ThesisEconometric Analysis of the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery (1989)

Joshua David Angrist (born September 18, 1960)

Israeli–American economist and Ford Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.[2] Angrist, together with Guido Imbens, was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2021 "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships".[3]

He ranks among the world's top economists in

income inequality
in the U.S.

Biography

Angrist was born to a Jewish family in

Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Economics Letters, Labour Economics and the Journal of Labor Economics
.

Angrist holds dual US–Israeli citizenship[16] and lives in Brookline, Massachusetts.[8]

Research

Angrist's research interests include the economics of education and school reform, social programs and the labor market, the effects of immigration, labor market regulation and institutions, and econometric methods for program and policy evaluation.

Alan B. Krueger, Victor Lavy, Parag Pathak and Jörn-Steffen Pischke.[19] Together with Pischke, Angrist published Mostly Harmless Econometrics in 2009, in which they explore econometric tools used by empirical researchers.[20]
In 2014, Angrist and Pischke released Mastering 'Metrics': The Path from Cause to Effect, which is targeted at undergraduate econometrics students.

Economics of education

Research on the returns to schooling

The bulk of Angrist's research has concentrated on the economics of education, beginning with the returns to schooling. In one early study, Angrist and Krueger exploited the relationship between children's season of birth and educational attainment that is due to policies and laws setting ages for school start and compulsory schooling, finding that returns to education are close to their

externalities, which they found to be about 1% and not statistically significant.[25] Angrist has also studied the strong decrease in the economic returns to schooling in the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the 1980s.[26] Together with Lavy, Angrist has also explored the returns to schooling in Morocco, exploiting a change in its language of instruction from French to Arabic to find that policy substantially reduced Moroccan youths' returns to schooling by deteriorating their French writing skills.[27]

Research on the determinants of student learning

Another strand of Angrist's research in the economics of education concerns the impact of various inputs and rules on learning. For instance, in further work with Lavy, Angrist exploited

school vouchers for private schools in Colombia with Eric Bettinger, Erik Bloom, Elizabeth King and Michael Kremer, Angrist found voucher recipients 10 pp more likely to finish lower secondary school, 5-7 pp more likely to complete high school, and to score 0.2 standard deviations higher on tests, suggesting that the vouchers' benefits likely exceeded their $24 cost.[33][34] Another subject of Angrist's research are peer effects in education,[35] which he has e.g. explored with Kevin Lang in the context of METCO's school integrations or with Atila Abdulkadiroglu and Parag Pathak in Boston's and New York City's over-subscribed exam schools, though the effects that they find are brief and modest in both cases.[36][37] With regard to the effect of teacher testing, which Angrist has studied with Jonathan Guryan in the U.S., he finds that state-mandated teacher testing raises teachers' wages without raising their quality, though it decreases teacher diversity by reducing the fraction of new teachers who are Hispanic.[38] In work with Lavy and Analia Schlosser, Angrist has also explored Becker's hypothesis on a trade-off between child quality and quantity by exploiting variation in twin births and parental preferences for compositions of siblings of mixed sexes, with evidence rejecting the hypothesis.[39]

Research on charter schools

Since the late 2000s, Angrist has conducted extensive research on

English scores by 0.12 SD,[40] with most of the gains accruing to students with limited English proficiency or special education needs or those who scored low at baseline.[41] Beyond KIPP Lynn, they find attendance to Boston charter schools to generally increase test scores for middle and high school students, especially for schools with binding assignment lotteries, whereas pilot schools (public schools covered by some collective bargaining provisions and more independence concerning educational policies) generally have at best statistically insignificant or small effects on students' test scores.[42] Further research has attributed the relative efficacy of urban charter schools to these schools' embrace of the No Excuses approach to urban education which emphasizes student discipline and behaviour, traditional reading and math skills, instruction time, and selective teacher hiring.[43]

Labor economics

Similar to his research on the economics of education, Angrist's research on labor economics also often seeks to exploit quasi-natural experiments to identify causal relationships. In a publication derived from his dissertation, Angrist e.g. exploits the

labor force participation.[53] Together with Adriana Kugler, Angrist finds that labor market institutions that reduce labor market flexibility exacerbate native job losses from immigration, especially regarding restricted product markets.[54] Angrist and Kugler also investigated the relationship between coca prices and civil conflict in Colombia, observing that financial opportunities offered by coca cultivation fueled the conflict, with cultivated rural areas witnessing pronounced increases in violence.[55]

Econometrics

Besides his empirical research, Angrist has also made major contributions to

MSE loss function for specification error.[65]

In articles with Krueger as well as with Jorn-Steffen Pischke in the

Edward Leamer's 1983 critique of econometrics that microeconomics had experienced since then a "credibility revolution" thanks to substantial improvements in empirical research designs and renewed attention to causal relationships.[67]

Honors and awards

Angrist is a Research Fellow at the

Rajk László College for Advanced Studies
in Budapest.

Angrist, along with

Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.[69] The two men received one-half of the prize money of 10 million Swedish crowns ($1.14 million U.S.); the rest went to the other winner, David Card.[70] The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
wrote that:

Data from a natural experiment are difficult to interpret . . . . For example, extending compulsory education by a year for one group of students (but not another) will not affect everyone in that group in the same way. Some students would have kept studying anyway and, for them, the value of education is often not representative of the entire group. So, is it even possible to draw any conclusions about the effect of an extra year in school? In the mid-1990s, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens solved this methodological problem, demonstrating how precise conclusions about cause and effect can be drawn from natural experiments.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Angrist, Joshua David - Full record view - Libraries Australia Search".
  2. ^ "MIT Economics: Joshua Angrist". Retrieved May 11, 2011.
  3. ^ a b "The Prize in Economic Sciences 2021" (PDF) (Press release). Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. October 11, 2021.
  4. ^ Joshua Angrist ranked 15th among 3037 authors registered in the field of labor economics on IDEAS/RePEc. Retrieved July 20th, 2019.
  5. ^ Joshua Angrist ranked 4th among 3323 authors registered in the field of urban and real estate economics on IDEAS/RePEc. Retrieved July 20th, 2019.
  6. ^ Joshua Angrist ranked 3rd among 1427 authors registered in the field of education on IDEAS/RePEc. Retrieved July 20th, 2019.
  7. ^ "School Effectiveness & Inequality Initiative: Joshua Angrist". May 11, 2012.
  8. ^ a b "From biking to band practice to skipping Hebrew school, Nobel Prize winner Josh Angrist remembers childhood in Pittsburgh | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette".
  9. ^ "Family celebrates Nobel Prize winner from Pittsburgh". October 11, 2021.
  10. ^ "Maimonides in the classroom: The research that led Angrist to the Nobel". Times of Israel. October 11, 2021. Retrieved October 11, 2021.
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  13. ^ "Curriculum Vitae: Joshua D.Angrist". Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved June 10, 2011.
  14. ^ "Joshhua D. Angrist (01/2021)". MIT Department of Economics. Archived from the original on October 11, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  15. ^ "NBER: Joshua Angrist". Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  16. ^ "MIT Economics : Joshua Angrist". Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  17. ^ "Short biography of Joshua Angrist on the website of MIT. Retrieved July 20th, 2019". Archived from the original on April 12, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2019.
  18. ^ Joshua Angrist ranks 47th out of 56344 authors registered on IDEAS/RePEc. Retrieved July 20th, 2019.
  19. ^ Google Scholar page of Joshua Angrist. Retrieved July 20th, 2019.
  20. ^ "Mostly Harmless Econometrics". Princeton University Press. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
  21. S2CID 153718259
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  22. JSTOR 2290263
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  23. ^ "Angrist, J.D., Krueger, A.B. (1992). Estimating the payoff to schooling using the Vietnam-era draft lottery. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 4067" (PDF).
  24. doi:10.1080/07350015.1995.10524597
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  25. doi:10.1086/654403
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  26. JSTOR 2950975
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  27. ^ Angrist, J.D., Lavy, V. (1997). The Effect of a Change in Language of Instruction on the Returns to Schooling in Morocco. Journal of Labor Economics, 15(1), pp. S48-S76.
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  42. ^ "Abdulkadiroglu, A. et al. (2011). Accountability and flexibility in public schools: Evidence from Boston's charters and pilots. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(2), pp. 699-748".
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  50. JSTOR 116844
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  51. ISBN 0-7623-0584-3
    – via Emerald Insight.
  52. S2CID 15460395
    – via journals.uchicago.edu (Atypon).
  53. ^ "Angrist, J. (2002). How do sex ratios affect marriage and labor markets? Evidence from America's second generation. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(3), pp. 997-1038".
  54. S2CID 16002161
    – via Wiley Online Library.
  55. S2CID 18641300
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  56. doi:10.1016/0304-4076(91)90101-I
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  57. S2CID 153123153
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  58. doi:10.1080/01621459.1995.10476535
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  64. ^ Angrist, J.D. (2004). Treatment effect heterogeneity in theory and practice. Economic Journal, 114(494), pp. C52-C83.
  65. JSTOR 3598810
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  66. hdl:1721.1/63775
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  67. hdl:1721.1/54195
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  68. ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
  69. ^ "Sarah and Stan Angrist on how to raise a Nobel Prize winner".
  70. ^ "Former Pittsburgher awarded Nobel prize in economics".

External links

Scholia has a profile for Joshua Angrist (Q921499).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Angrist&oldid=1219918976"