KM-SAM

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For the similarly-named ship-launched air-defense system of South Korea, see K-SAAM (Haegung).
Korean Medium-range Surface-to-Air Missile
천궁 중거리 지대공 미사일
TypeMedium-range, mobile
datalink, terminal active radar homing[7]

The KM-SAM (Korean Medium-range Surface-to-Air Missile; Skybolt;

S-350E and S-400 missile systems. The project was named Cheolmae-2 (Iron Hawk; Korean: 철매; Hanja: 鐵鷹; RR: Cheol-mae) during its development phase.[8] M-SAM serves as a key system in South Korea's Korean Air and Missile Defense (KAMD).[9]

Design and development

A complete battery consists of four to six 8-cell

rpm, covering up to 80 degrees in elevation.[7] It can detect targets within 100 km (62 mi) and track up to 40 simultaneously.[10]

The KM-SAM is the middle-tier of South Korea's three-tier aerial and missile defense system. Though it was developed in Russia by the Almaz Design Bureau in association with

Vityaz missile system.[11]

The

United States military retired in 2002. The system can intercept up to six targets simultaneously, and the missiles have anti-electronic warfare capabilities to keep functioning despite jamming.[2][12] The system passed the military's operational requirement verification test in July 2015, and began deployment in early 2016 near the maritime border with North Korea in the Yellow Sea.[13]

On 28 April 2020, the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) announced that deliveries of the Cheongung KM-SAM Block-1 system to the ROKAF had been completed.[1][5] In July 2021, South Korea retired its last MIM-23 Hawk system, phasing it out for the Cheongung Block-1.[14]

KM-SAM battery configuration

The configuration of KM-SAM batteries typically includes multifunction radar, vertical launchers, and control center vehicles.

  • Engagement Control Center (ECS): 1
  • Multifunction Radar (MFR): 1
  • Launchers: 4–6
  • Missiles per Launcher: 8
  • Power Generator: 1

Improvements

Block-II

In April 2017, South Korean military officials revealed that a low-tier missile defense system based on the Cheongung was in the final phase of development. Modifying the standard SAM with hit-to-kill technology enables it to intercept incoming ballistic missiles at mid altitudes of around 20 km (66,000 ft).[15][16][17] The first upgraded Cheongung-II system was delivered to the ROKAF in November 2020.[18] The Block II interceptor is effective against both aircraft and ballistic targets.[17][19]

The KM-SAM will be able to be launched from the

Korean Vertical Launch System (K-VLS) aboard Daegu-class frigates in a naval role.[20]

Block-III

The DAPA decided to develop KM-SAM Block III by investing 2.8 trillion won from 2024 to 2034.[21] According to Defense News, it will be equipped with an active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar.[22]

Further development

The KM-SAM block-2 was to be an upper-tier interceptor designed to take down ballistic missiles, offering capabilities similar to that of the American Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile with a range of 150 km (93 mi) and ceiling of 200,000 ft (61 km).[citation needed] Performance levels were to be twice as superior to the Patriot and Cheolmae II missiles, and was expected to be based on the Russian S-400 technology.[11] This role was filled by the development of the Long-range Surface-to-Air Missile (L-SAM).[23]

Exports

UAE in 2021 and showed off the Korean weapon system including KM-SAM and AT-1K Raybolt.[24]

On 16 November 2021, the UAE's Ministry of Defense tweeted that it plans to acquire the M-SAM as a "qualitative addition" to its existing air defense capabilities and that the deal could reach US$3.5 billion.[19] An official at South Korea's DAPA said that the announcement was "positive" but "we still need to see how negotiations on the details will proceed."[25] On 16 January 2022, the DAPA of the South Korean Government announced that the UAE would purchase the system in a deal worth $3.5 billion. At the time, it was the largest arms export deal ever made by South Korea.[26][27]

In 2022, the US requested South Korea to send this missile system to Ukraine during the Russian invasion. However South Korea declined on the basis of its security situation.[28]

In February 2024, the South Korean Ministry of National Defense announced that Saudi Arabia would purchase 10 KM-SAM Block II batteries, in a deal worth $3.2 billion.[22]

In September 2024, the Iraqi Ministry of Defense signed a deal with LIG Nex1 worth $2.8 billion, in order to acquire an unspecified number of KM-SAM Block II batteries.[29]

Operators

Current operator

A demonstration of the missile launch of KM-SAM
South Korea Republic of Korea Air Force (19 batteries + 6 on order)
  • Block I, 18 batteries in service, 4 launchers of 8 missiles per battery.[30]
  • Block II, 1 battery in service + 6 on order (total planned 7), 4 launchers of 8 missiles per battery.[30][31]

Future operators

Iraq Iraqi Armed Forces (8 batteries)
Block II, unspecified number of batteries ordered in September 2024 for USD $2.8 billion.[32][33]
Saudi Arabia Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces (10 batteries)
Block II, 10 batteries ordered in February 2024 for USD $3.2 billion.[22]
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Army (12 batteries)
Block II, 12 batteries ordered in January 2023, to be produced partially in the UAE, worth USD $3.5 billion.[34]

See also

Comprable systems

Korean Surface-to-Air systems

References

  1. ^
    Jane's Information Group. Archived
    from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b Korean-made missiles to replace aging Hawks - Koreajoongangdaily.joins.com, 31 July 2015
  3. ^ Cheolmae II / Cheongung (Iron Hawk) globalsecurity.org, 12 April 2023
  4. ^ a b "K-방산 & One Team 방산수출 미래가 활짝 열리다". Defense Acquisition Program Administration. March 2022. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  5. ^ a b c "All local-made Cheongung KM-SAM air defense missile systems delivered to South Korean Army". Army Recognition. 28 April 2020. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
  6. ^ "South Korea first live fire exercise with KM-SAM Cheongung missile system". Army Recognition. 2 November 2017. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Cheongung – a New MR-SAM for the South Korean Multi-Tier Defense System - Defense Update". defense-update.com. 17 December 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  8. ^ Pike, John. "Cheolmae II / Cheongung (Iron Hawk) M-SAM Medium Surface to Air Missile". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  9. ^ Joon Ha Park (14 January 2025). "South Korea unveils plans for new missile defense system to counter North Korea". NK NEWS.
  10. ^ South Korea Deploys Its Own Missile Shield. War is Boring. 12 October 2017.
  11. ^ a b Cheongung – a New MR-SAM for the South Korean Multi-Tier Defense System - Defense-Update.com, 17 December 2011
  12. ^ South Korea about to start deployment of new Cheongung M-SAM air defense missile system - Armyrecognition.com, 3 August 2015
  13. ^ South Korea deploys surface-to-air guided missile system along maritime border - Armyrecognition.com, 10 March 2016
  14. Jane's Information Group. 16 July 2021. Archived
    from the original on 16 July 2021.
  15. ^ Korea in final phase of developing low-tier missile defense system: official - Koreaherald.com, 16 April 2017
  16. ^ South Korea missile interceptor in final development - UPI.com, 18 April 2017
  17. ^ a b "M-SAM-II" (PDF). LIG Nex1. 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  18. ^ South Korea deploys Cheongung II surface-to-air missile. Army Recognition. 27 November 2020.
  19. ^
    Jane's Information Group. 16 November 2021. Archived
    from the original on 26 November 2021.
  20. ^ ROK Navy Launches New Warship Capable of Hitting Targets Inside North Korea - Thediplomat.com, 9 June 2016
  21. ^ "South Korea to develop advanced missile interceptors". Janes Information Services. 27 April 2023.
  22. ^ a b c Arthur, Gordon (7 February 2024). "Saudi Arabia signs $3.2B deal for South Korean air defense systems". Defense News.
  23. ^ "L-SAM". Agency for Defense Development. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  24. ^ Kim Byung-wook (21 February 2021). "LIG Nex1 heads to IDEX 2021, knocks on Middle East market". The Korea Herald. Archived from the original on 30 January 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  25. ^ "UAE to purchase South Korean M-SAM missiles in $3.5 billion deal". The Korea Times. 17 November 2021. Archived from the original on 20 November 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  26. ^ Lee, Michael (17 January 2022). "UAE to buy Korean air defense system for $3.5 billion". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  27. ^ Kim, Brian (19 January 2022). "South Korea inks largest arms export deal with UAE for missile interceptor". Defense News. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  28. ^ Smith, Josh; Choi, Soo-Hyang (11 April 2022). "Ukraine's Zelenskiy seeks military aid from South Korea". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  29. ^ Osborne, Tony (20 September 2024). "Iraq Acquiring KM-SAM II Systems". Aviation Week.
  30. ^ a b "북 미사일 막을 방공망 촘촘해진다". 아시아경제 (in Korean). 19 August 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  31. Jane's Information Services. 26 November 2020. Archived
    from the original on 28 November 2020.
  32. ^ Kim, Boram (20 September 2024). "LIG Nex1 wins 3.7 tln-won deal to export missile defense system Cheongung-II to Iraq". Yonhap News Agency.
  33. ^ "Iraq boosts air defenses with reported $2.8B deal for South Korean Cheongung-II". Breakingdefense.
  34. ^ Kim, Brian (18 January 2022). "South Korea inks largest arms export deal with UAE for missile interceptor". Defense News. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
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