Kepler-10
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Draco |
Right ascension | 19h 02m 43.06139s[1] |
Declination | +50° 14′ 28.7016″[1] |
Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.157[2] |
Characteristics | |
Spectral type | G2V[3] |
Details | |
Gyr | |
Other designations | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | data |
KIC | data |
Kepler-10, formerly known as KOI-72, is a
Kepler-10 is host to a planetary system made up of at least three planets. Kepler-10b, the first undeniably rocky planet,[7] was discovered in its orbit after eight months of observation and announced on January 10, 2011. The planet orbits its star closely, completing an orbit every 0.8 days,[8] and has a density similar to that of iron.[7] The second planet, Kepler-10c, was confirmed on May 23, 2011, based on follow-up observations by the Spitzer Space Telescope. The data shows it has an orbital period of 42.3 days and has a radius more than double that of Earth, but it was initially thought to have a higher density, making it the largest and most massive rocky planet discovered as of June 2014.[2][9][10] However, refined mass measurements have shown it to be a more typical volatile-rich planet.[11] A third planet, Kepler-10d, was discovered in 2023 by radial velocity observations.[4]
Nomenclature and history
Kepler-10 was named because it was the tenth planetary system observed by the Kepler spacecraft, a NASA satellite designed to search for
The discovery of Kepler-10b was announced to the public at a winter meeting of the American Astronomical Society on January 10, 2011 in Seattle.[13] On May 23, 2011, the existence of Kepler-10c was confirmed at the 218th AAS meeting in Boston.[14]
Characteristics
Kepler-10 is a
Kepler-10 is located at a distance of 186 parsecs from the Earth, which equates to approximately 607 light years. Also, Kepler-10's apparent magnitude, or brightness as seen from Earth, is 10.96; it therefore cannot be seen with the naked eye.[5]
Planetary system
Per the usual
−0.02 times that of Earth.[2] The planet orbits Kepler-10 at a distance of 0.01684 AU every 0.8375 days; this can be compared to the orbit and orbital period of planet Mercury, which circles the Sun at a distance of 0.3871 AU every 87.97 days.[18] Because the planet orbits so closely to its star, its eccentricity is virtually zero. It, thus, has an extremely circular orbit.[8]
−1.19 ME with a mean density of 3.14 g/cm3. Instead of a primarily rocky composition, the more accurately determined mass of Kepler-10c suggests a world made almost entirely of volatiles, mainly water.[11]
A candidate third planet with an orbital period of about 102 days, given the provisional designation KOI-72.X, was identified in 2016 based on transit-timing variations.[20][11] In 2023, the presence of a third planet, Kepler-10d, was confirmed by radial velocity observations. It has an orbital period of 151 days and a minimum mass about 13 times that of Earth.[4]
Companion (in order from star) |
Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) |
Orbital period (days) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | 3.26±0.30 M🜨 | 0.01685±0.00013 | 0.8374907±0.0000002 | 0 | 84.8+3.2 −3.9° |
1.470+0.030 −0.020 R🜨 |
c | 11.4±1.3 M🜨 | 0.2410±0.0019 | 45.294301±0.000048 | 0.130±0.050 | 89.623±0.011° | 2.355±0.022 R🜨 |
d | ≥12.68±2.24 M🜨 | 0.5379±0.0044 | 151.04±0.45 | <0.26 | — | — |
See also
- Kepler Mission
- List of exoplanets
References
- ^ S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ S2CID 53475787.
- ^ a b "Kepler-10". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2011-02-01.
- ^ S2CID 258078829.
- ^ a b c "Notes for star Kepler-10". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 2011. Archived from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ "Kepler-10 Stellar Family Portrait". NASA. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d Perrotto, Trent J.; Hoover, Rachel (10 January 2011). "NASA'S Kepler Mission Discovers Its First Rocky Planet". Ames Research Center. NASA. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Summary Table of Kepler Discoveries". NASA. 2011. Archived from the original on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ .
- ^ Clavin, Whitney (June 2, 2014). "Astronomers Confounded By Massive Rocky World". NASA. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ .
- ^ "Mission overview". Kepler and K2. NASA. 13 April 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
- ^ a b Richard A. Lovett (10 January 2011). "NASA Finds Smallest Earthlike Planet Outside Solar System". National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on January 12, 2011. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ "Kepler Spacecraft Shows That Smaller Planets Abound". Scientific American. 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-26.
- ^ Henry Bortman (12 October 2004). "Extrasolar Planets: A Matter of Metallicity". Space Daily. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ Fraser Cain (16 September 2008). "How Old is the Sun?". Universe Today. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ Ed Grayzeck. "Sun Fact Sheet". Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
- ^ David Williams (17 November 2010). "Mercury Fact Sheet". Goddard Space Flight Center. NASA. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "NASA'S Kepler Mission Discovers Its First Rocky Planet". NASA. 2011-01-10. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- .