Khust
Khust
Хуст Huszt | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 90400 |
Area code | +380-3142 |
Climate | Dfb |
Website | Official Website |
Khust (
Khust was the capital of the short-lived republic of Carpatho-Ukraine.
Etymology
The name is most possibly related to the name of the stream Hustets or Husztica, which means "kerchief". It is also conceivable that the name of the city comes from a Romanian traditional food ingredient – husti.
There are several alternative names used for this city:
There is also one fairy tale about the town's name: Once a chort (demon) was walking around the town and then a mountain appeared. A moment later, it fell on his tail. He shouted, Hvust (Transcarpathian dialect, "Хвіст" in Ukrainian, tail in English). Another chort heard "Khust"... In that way, the name of the town was formed.
History
The settlement was first mentioned as terra Huzth, in 1324.[2] Its castle, supposed to be built in 1090 by the king St. Ladislaus of Hungary as a defence against the Cumans and destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Hungary, was mentioned in 1353. The town got privileges in 1329.[2]
In 1458
The army of
The castle surrendered to the
In 1910 Khust had 10,292 citizens, 5,230 Ukrainians, 3,505 Hungarians and 1,535 Germans.[citation needed] Until the Treaty of Trianon it belonged to Hungary and was the seat of the Khust district of Máramaros county. After World War I, in summer 1919 the Rumanian troops took over the territory. But according to the St.-Germain treaty Czechoslovakia received the city, as part of newly formed Podkarpatsko ("under the Carpathians") region (Subcarpathia).[3] Czechoslovakia had to provide the region a wide autonomy, but autonomy was realised only in 1938. In Autumn 1938 an autonomous government was organised. The day after the collapse of Czechoslovakia on 14 March 1939, the Khust city government proclaimed, by the will of the local population, independence as Carpathian Ukraine on 15 March 1939. The next day, 16 March 1939, Hungarian troops invaded Khust and claimed it as part of Hungary. On 24 October 1944 Soviet troops occupied the city, and annexed it into the Soviet Union. The Soviet government deported much of the city's German and Hungarian populations.[citation needed]
WWII and the Holocaust
Prior to 1939, Jews thrived in Khust and owned many businesses. When the city became part of Hungary in March 1939 again, many Jewish citizens were forced into labor camps. A ghetto was established, and Jews from other regions were forced to live there. Additional ghettos were established nearby in
Demographics
- 28,500 (89.3%) Ukrainians
- 1,700 (5.4%) Hungarians
- 1,200 (3.7%) Russians
- 100 (0.4%) Roma
Until the 19th century, the city's population also included ethnic Romanians (800 Romanians according to the 1880 census).
Geography
Climate
Khust has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).
Climate data for Khust | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.2 (50.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.0 (64.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.2 (66.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 47 (1.9) |
41 (1.6) |
41 (1.6) |
50 (2.0) |
74 (2.9) |
93 (3.7) |
80 (3.1) |
72 (2.8) |
48 (1.9) |
45 (1.8) |
52 (2.0) |
62 (2.4) |
705 (27.7) |
Source: Climate-Data.org[9] |
Tourist sights
- Ruins of the Khust Castle
- Protestantfortress church 13th–14th century, Protestant since 1524, fortified in 1616, 1644, 1661 and 1670, restored in 1773 and 1888. Its belfry is from the 15th century; until 1861 it had four pinnacles.
- Roman Catholic church (Baroque, 18th century)
- Greek Orthodox church (18th century)
Notable people
- Jenő Benda, writer, and journalist was born here in 1882.
- Leslie Buck (born Laszlo Büch), American business executive and Holocaust survivor, designer of the Anthora coffee cup, was born in Khust in 1922.[10][11]
- Myroslav Dochynets, a Ukrainian writer was born here in 1959.
- Jaromír Hořec, Czech poet, writer and journalist was born here in 1921.
- József Koller, historian of religion was born here in 1745.
- Antonín Moskalyk, a Czech film director was born here in 1930.
- Ernő Szép, a writer was born here in 1894.
- Count József Teleki, a scientist was born here on December 21, 1738.
- Rabbi Zeev ben Moshe Feuerlicht (born 1918), studied in yeshiva of Satu-Mare Rebbe, Romania, during the Liberation of Czechoslovakia from Nazi Germany he joined as an active fighter the Gen. Ludvík Svoboda Army, served in Prague synagogue Alt-neu Shul as a Rabbi, educator and shochet. Rabbi Feuerlicht, together with Rabbi Karol Efraim Sidon, is credited for the survival of the Jewish Orthodox community in Czechoslovakia after WWII.
- Rachel Ta-Shma, scientist at Hebrew University, Jerusalem
Gallery
See also
References
- ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ a b Ivanciuc, Teofil. "Primele atestări ale târgurilor de coroană maramureşene (The earliest mentions of the Maramureş Royal Market Towns)". Revista Arhivei Maramureşene.[permanent dead link]
- ^ PRECLÍK, Vratislav: "Profesor Masaryk a Podkarpatská Rus právě před sto lety" (Professor Masaryk and Subcarpatian Russia just hundred years ago), in Čas: časopis Masarykova demokratického hnutí, leden - březen 2019, roč.XXVII. čís. 125. ISSN 1210-1648, str.18 – 23
- ^ a b "Khust - guidebook - Shtetl Routes - NN Theatre". shtetlroutes.eu. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
- ^ "The Jewish Community of Khust". dbs.anumuseum.org.il. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
- ^ "The Last Jews of Zakarpattia". 29 January 2017.
- ^ "Khust". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
- ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001 | English version | Results | General results of the census | National composition of population | Zakarpattia region". Archived from the original on 2007-09-11. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
- ^ "Climate: Khust". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
- New York Times. Retrieved 2010-05-31.
- ^ "NY coffee cup creator Leslie Buck dies at 87". The Daily Telegraph. 2010-05-01. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
External links
- Khust in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- All about Khust City Includes a large image of the city and castle.
- Khust City elections in 2003
- Place names of Maramaros County