LOXL2
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 8: 23.3 – 23.43 Mb | Chr 14: 69.85 – 69.93 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Lysyl oxidase homolog 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LOXL2 gene.[5][6]
Function
This gene encodes a member of the
biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family.[6]
LOXL2 can also crosslink
Clinical significance
LOXL2 is an enzyme that is up-regulated in several types of cancer and is associated with a poorer prognosis.[8][9] LOXL2 changes the structure of histones (proteins that are attached to DNA)[10] and thus changes the shape of the cells, making it easier for the cancer cells to metastasize.[11]
An antibody that inhibits the activity of LOXL2,
liver fibrosis.[12]
See also
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000134013 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034205 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 9722957.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: LOXL2 lysyl oxidase-like 2".
- S2CID 16622717.
- PMID 22453058.
- PMID 23030485.
- PMID 22483618.
- PMID 21732535.
- ^ "Search of: simtuzumab - List Results". ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
External links
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q9Y4K0 (Lysyl oxidase homolog 2) at the PDBe-KB.
Further reading
- Csiszar K (2001). Lysyl oxidases: a novel multifunctional amine oxidase family. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. Vol. 70. pp. 1–32. PMID 11642359.
- Molnar J, Fong KS, He QP, Hayashi K, Kim Y, Fong SF, Fogelgren B, Szauter KM, Mink M, Csiszar K (April 2003). "Structural and functional diversity of lysyl oxidase and the LOX-like proteins". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics. 1647 (1–2): 220–4. PMID 12686136.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. PMID 8125298.
- Saito H, Papaconstantinou J, Sato H, Goldstein S (March 1997). "Regulation of a novel gene encoding a lysyl oxidase-related protein in cellular adhesion and senescence". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (13): 8157–60. PMID 9079631.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. PMID 9373149.
- Jourdan-Le Saux C, Tronecker H, Bogic L, Bryant-Greenwood GD, Boyd CD, Csiszar K (April 1999). "The LOXL2 gene encodes a new lysyl oxidase-like protein and is expressed at high levels in reproductive tissues". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (18): 12939–44. PMID 10212285.
- Hein S, Yamamoto SY, Okazaki K, Jourdan-LeSaux C, Csiszar K, Bryant-Greenwood GD (January 2001). "Lysyl oxidases: expression in the fetal membranes and placenta". Placenta. 22 (1): 49–57. PMID 11162352.
- Akiri G, Sabo E, Dafni H, Vadasz Z, Kartvelishvily Y, Gan N, Kessler O, Cohen T, Resnick M, Neeman M, Neufeld G (April 2003). "Lysyl oxidase-related protein-1 promotes tumor fibrosis and tumor progression in vivo". Cancer Research. 63 (7): 1657–66. PMID 12670920.
- Rost T, Pyritz V, Rathcke IO, Görögh T, Dünne AA, Werner JA (2003). "Reduction of LOX- and LOXL2-mRNA expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas". Anticancer Research. 23 (2B): 1565–73. PMID 12820424.
- Vadasz Z, Kessler O, Akiri G, Gengrinovitch S, Kagan HM, Baruch Y, Izhak OB, Neufeld G (September 2005). "Abnormal deposition of collagen around hepatocytes in Wilson's disease is associated with hepatocyte specific expression of lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase like protein-2". Journal of Hepatology. 43 (3): 499–507. PMID 16023247.
- Peinado H, Del Carmen Iglesias-de la Cruz M, Olmeda D, Csiszar K, Fong KS, Vega S, Nieto MA, Cano A, Portillo F (October 2005). "A molecular role for lysyl oxidase-like 2 enzyme in snail regulation and tumor progression". The EMBO Journal. 24 (19): 3446–58. PMID 16096638.
- Akagawa H, Narita A, Yamada H, Tajima A, Krischek B, Kasuya H, Hori T, Kubota M, Saeki N, Hata A, Mizutani T, Inoue I (May 2007). "Systematic screening of lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) family genes demonstrates that LOXL2 is a susceptibility gene to intracranial aneurysms". Human Genetics. 121 (3–4): 377–87. S2CID 25771968.
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