Lead styphnate

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Lead styphnate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Lead(II) 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-bis(olate)
Other names
Lead 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diolate
Lead 2,4,6-trinitro-m-phenylene dioxide
1,3-Benzenediol, 2,4,6-trinitro-, lead(2+) salt (1:1)
Lead tricinate
Lead trinitroresorcinate
Tricinat[1]
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.035.703 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 239-290-0
UNII
UN number 0130
  • InChI=1S/C6H3N3O8.Pb/c10-5-2(7(12)13)1-3(8(14)15)6(11)4(5)9(16)17;/h1,10-11H;/q;+2/p-2 ☒N
    Key: WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L ☒N
  • InChI=1/C6H3N3O8.Pb/c10-5-2(7(12)13)1-3(8(14)15)6(11)4(5)9(16)17;/h1,10-11H;/q;+2/p-2
    Key: WETZJIOEDGMBMA-NUQVWONBAY
  • c1c(c(c(c(c1[N+](=O)[O-])[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[O-])[N+](=O)[O-].[Pb+2]
Properties
C6HN3O8Pb
Molar mass 450.288 g/mol
Density 3.06 to 3.1 g cm−3
Explosive data
Shock sensitivity High
Friction sensitivity High
Detonation velocity 5200 m/s
Hazards
GHS labelling:[2]
GHS01: ExplosiveGHS07: Exclamation markGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H200, H302, H332, H360Df, H373, H410
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
0
3
330 °C (626 °F; 603 K)
Safety data sheet (SDS) Oxford MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Lead styphnate (lead 2,4,6-

polymorphs
of lead styphnate exist.

Lead styphnate forms six-sided crystals of the

heavy metal
poisoning.

Preparation

Although never substantiated, lead styphnate may have been discovered by Peter Griess (of Griess test fame) in 1874. In 1919, Edmund Herz first established a preparation of anhydrous normal lead styphnate by the reaction of magnesium styphnate with lead acetate in the presence of nitric acid.[4][3]

{C6N3O8}MgH2O + Pb(CH3CO2)2 → {C6N3O8}PbH2O + Mg(CH3CO2)2

Structure

Normal lead styphnate exists as α and β polymorphs, both being monoclinic crystals. The lead centres are seven-coordinate and are bridged via oxygen bridges. The water molecule is coordinated to the metal and is also hydrogen-bonded to the anion. Many of the Pb-O distances are short, indicating some degree of covalency. The styphnate ions lie in approximately parallel planes linked by Pb atoms.[5][6]

Properties

Lead styphnate's heat of formation is −835 kJ mol−1. The loss of water leads to the formation of a sensitive anhydrous material with a density of 2.9 g cm−3. The variation of colors remains unexplained.[7] Lead styphnate has a detonation velocity of 5.2 km/s and an explosion temperature of 265–280 °C after five seconds.[8]

Applications

Lead styphnate is mainly used in small arms

powder-actuated nail guns. Lead styphnate is also used as primer in microthrusters for small satellite stationkeeping.[10]

References

  1. ^ ECHA, European Chemicals Agency "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-22. Retrieved 2014-10-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ^ GHS: GESTIS 490561
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-3527306732
  4. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(94)85003-8
    .
  5. doi:10.1107/S0108270184003036
    .
  6. doi:10.1107/S0567740882010966
    .
  7. S2CID 199492549
    .
  8. doi:10.1021/ie50510a054
    .
  9. ^ Gray, Theodore (2009). "Flash Bang". Popular Science.
  10. ^ Daniel W. Youngner; et al. (2000). "MEMS Mega-pixel Micro-thruster Arrays for Small Satellite Stationkeeping". Honeywell Technology 14th Annual/USU Conference on Small Satellites. Archived from the original on 2021-03-10. Retrieved 2016-10-18.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead_styphnate&oldid=1206307412"