Leopold Koppel
Geheimrat Leopold Koppel (20 October 1843 in
Career
Koppel was a
In 1890, Koppel opened his private banking house Koppel und Co.[1][2]
In 1892, with the Austrian chemist and inventor Carl Auer von Welsbach, Koppel founded the Deutsche Gasglühlichtgesellschaft-Aktiengesellschaft (Degea or DGA, German Gas Light Company), the forerunner of Auergesellschaft. Koppel was the controlling owner. In 1906, DGA developed the OSRAM light bulb; its name was formed from the German words OSmium, for the element osmium, and WolfRAM, for the element tungsten. As the owner of the OSRAM trademark, Koppel separated the light bulb manufacturing from DGA in 1918, forming the OSRAM Werke GmbH, after which the new company was converted into a Kommanditgesellschaft (limited partnership), with DGA as the limited partner. Since Koppel was the majority shareholder in DGA, he thus became the chief partner in the new company. In February 1920, DGA merged its light bulb manufacturing with that of Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) and Siemens & Halske and they became limited partners under OSRAM G.m.b.H. KG; the start of the business year was dated retroactively to 1 July 1919. Koppel (DGA) owned 20% of the OSRAM G.m.b.H. KG stock, and the other two companies each owned 40%.[3][4][5]
In 1905, Koppel established the Koppel-Stiftung zur Förderung der geistigen Beziehungen Deutschlands zum Ausland (Koppel Foundation for the Promotion of Scientific Relations Abroad). Through this foundation, he promoted German scientific research and development, which in turn benefited German industry and manufacturing.[1][6][7]
The
From 1913, the Koppel-Stiftung donated money for the salary of
The Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft had a Senat (Senate, i.e., supervisory board) composed of members from fields including finance, industry, science, and politics. Koppel was a Senator of the KWG from 1921 to 1933.[1][13]
When
Koppel had an art collection which included The Crowning of Saint Catherine which was looted by the Nazis.[16]
Bibliography
- Clark, Ronald W. Einstein: The Life and Times (World, 1971)
- Hentschel, Klaus (editor) and Ann M. Hentschel (editorial assistant and translator) Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser, 1996) ISBN 0-8176-5312-0
- Kreutzmüller, Christoph Zum Umgang der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft mit Geld und Gut: Immobilientransfers und jüdische Stiftungen 1933–1945 (KWG, 2005)
- Macrakis, Kristie Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany (Oxford, 1993) ISBN 0-19-507010-0
- ISBN 0-8412-3310-1
Notes
- ^ a b c d e Koppel Archived 2012-02-07 at the Wayback Machine – Obituary, Berlin.
- ^ Kreutzmüller, 2005, 27.
- ^ a b "History of MSA Auer". Archived from the original on 2010-01-14. Retrieved 2007-11-27.
- ^ 100 Jahre OSRAM Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine p. 26.
- ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix D; see the entry for Auergesellschaft.
- ^ a b KWIPC.
- ^ Macrakis, 1993, 19.
- ^ Kreutzmüller, 2005, 28.
- ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, 227 and Appendix A: See the entry for KWIPC.
- ^ Macrakis, 1993, 19 and 22.
- ^ Clark, 1971, 179-180.
- ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1196, 19.
- ^ Hentschel and Hentschel, 1996, Appendix A; see the entry for the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft.
- ^ Riel and Seitz, 1996, 10.
- ^ Arisierung – Deutsches Historisches Museum.
- ^ "The Monuments Men did more than rescue Nazi-looted art". www.lootedart.com. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
External links
- Arisierung – Deutsches Historisches Museum
- 100 Jahre OSRAM [In English: 100 Years OSRAM
- Historical Review - Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- History of MSA Auer
- Koppel – Obituary, Berlin