List of non-marine molluscs of Ireland
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/LocationIslandIreland.png)
This list of the non-marine molluscs of
Included in the list are
The mollusc fauna of the island of Ireland has not been as thoroughly researched as that of the island of Great Britain, and therefore it is possible that some uncommon and local species (whether native or introduced) may, as yet, have been overlooked. Even so, it seems that the non-marine molluscan fauna of Ireland is a smaller fauna than that of Great Britain. [1]
The following table shows a summary of species numbers. It is not always easy to define which species are aquatic and which are terrestrial, as some species such as Galba truncatula are virtually amphibious. It also can be difficult to determine which species are introduced, as some introductions are quite ancient, for example from the Paleolithic. Those species that do not have a shell usually do not leave an archaeological or fossil record, and therefore it is especially difficult to determine whether they are native or introduced.
Non-marine molluscs of Ireland | |
---|---|
Land gastropods | 105 |
Aquatic gastropods | 42 |
Gastropod total: | 147 |
Freshwater bivalves | 22 |
Mollusc total: | 169 |
Introduced non-marine gastropods in natural habitats: | c. 32 |
Introduced bivalves in natural habitats: | 3 |
Total introduced molluscs in natural habitats: | c. 35 |
Gastropods living as "hothouse aliens" | 2 |
Bivalves living as "hothouse aliens" | 0 |
Conservation
Species protected by EU
Two species have been protected by the
A recent regional
Regional Red List of Irish non-marine molluscs
The following species have been assigned threat categories or were considered regionally extinct on the island of Ireland in 2009:[3]
Regionally extinct (RE) Helicigona lapicida (Linnaeus, 1758); Omphiscola glabra (O.F. Müller, 1774) – listed as extinct in the red list, but rediscovered in 2009.[7]
Critically Endangered (CR)
Pisidium conventus Clessin, 1877
Pomatias elegans (O.F. Müller, 1774)
Endangered (EN)
Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
Pisidium pulchellum Jenyns, 1832
Hydrobia acuta neglecta (Muus, 1963)
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mercuria cf. similis (Draparnaud, 1805)
Vulnerable (VU)
Acicula fusca (Montagu, 1803)
Pisidium lilljeborgii Clessin, 1866
Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758)
Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Systematic list
The list is arranged by biological affinity, rather than being alphabetical by family.
A number of species are listed with subspecies, in cases where there are well-recognized subspecies in different parts of Europe. For some species a synonym is given, where the species may perhaps be better known under another name.
An attempt has been made to label the families as aquatic, terrestrial or intermediate, and an indication is given where it is thought that the species is introduced. Species are considered to be native, unless otherwise indicated; that information is mostly taken from Kerney,[8] and Rowson et al.[9][10] The status and taxonomy of freshwater gastropods has been updated according to Rowson et al. (2021).[11]
Gastropoda
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Theodoxus_fluviatilis.jpg/220px-Theodoxus_fluviatilis.jpg)
- Neritidae – aquatic (also tolerates brackish water)
- Theodoxus fluviatilis fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Aciculidae – terrestrial
- Acicula fusca (Montagu, 1803)
- Viviparidae (river snails) – aquatic
- Viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Bithynia_tentaculata.jpg/220px-Bithynia_tentaculata.jpg)
- Assimineidae – terrestrial (intermediate marine)
- Assiminea grayana Fleming, 1828 – introduced
- Truncatellidae – terrestrial (intermediate marine)
- Truncatella subcylindrica (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Bithyniidae – aquatic
- Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
- Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Potamopyrgidae – aquatic
- Potamopyrgus antipodarum(Gray, 1843) – introduced
- Hydrobiidae – aquatic (some are arguably marine)
- Hydrobia acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) – subspecies: Hydrobia acuta neglecta Muus, 1963
- Ecrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803) – synonym: Ventrosia ventrosa
- Peringia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)
- Mercuria anatina (Poiret, 1801) – synonyms: M. confusa auct. non Frauenfeld, 1863, M. similis auct. non (Draparnaud, 1805)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Valvata_piscinalis_shell.jpg)
- Valvatidae (valve snails) – aquatic
- Valvata cristata O.F. Müller, 1774
- Valvata piscinalis (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Pomatiidae (land winkles) – terrestrial
- Pomatias elegans (O.F. Müller, 1774)
The following gastropods are
- Ellobiidae (hollow-shelled snails) – terrestrial or semi-marine
- Carychium minimum O.F. Müller, 1774
- Carychium tridentatum (Risso, 1826)
- Leucophytia bidentata (Montagu, 1808)
- Myosotella denticulata(Montagu, 1803)
- Myosotella myosotis (Draparnaud, 1801)
- Otinidae– aquatic (almost fully marine, but a pulmonate)
- Otina ovata (Brown, 1827)
- Lymnaeidae – aquatic
- Radix peregraauct. non (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Galba truncatula (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Myxas glutinosa (O.F. Müller, 1774) E
- Omphiscola glabra (O.F. Müller, 1774) – found in 2009 at one site in the SE of Ireland, but listed as extinct on a local red list (2009).[7]
- Radix auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Stagnicola fuscus (C. Pfeiffer, 1821) – synonym: Lymnaea fusca
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Water_snail_Rex_2.jpg/220px-Water_snail_Rex_2.jpg)
- Physidae (bladder snails) – aquatic
- Aplexa hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) = Physella heterostropha (Say, 1817) – introduced
- Physella gyrina (Say, 1821) – introduced
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Posthornschnecke1.jpg/220px-Posthornschnecke1.jpg)
- Planorbidae (ramshorn snails) – aquatic
- Ancylus fluviatilis (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Anisus leucostoma (Millet, 1813)
- Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834)
- Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Bathyomphalus contortus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Gyraulus albus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
- Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Planorbarius corneus corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Planorbis carinatus O.F. Müller, 1774
- Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Acroloxidae (river limpets) – aquatic
- Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Succinea_putris_2.jpg/220px-Succinea_putris_2.jpg)
- Succineidae (amber snails) – terrestrial (some almost amphibious)
- Quickella arenaria (Potiez & Michaud, 1838) = Catinella arenaria
- Succinella oblonga Draparnaud, 1801
- Succinea putris Linnaeus, 1758
- Oxyloma elegans elegans (Risso, 1826) = Oxyloma pfeifferi (Rossmässler, 1835)
- Oxyloma sarsii (Esmark, 1886)
- Cochlicopidae – terrestrial
- Cochlicopa c.f. lubrica = Cochlicopa lubrica (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Cochlicopa c.f. lubricella = Cochlicopa lubricella (Rossmässler, 1835)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Vertigo_substriata_shell.jpg/220px-Vertigo_substriata_shell.jpg)
- Pyramidulidae – terrestrial
- Pyramidula pusilla (Vallot, 1801)
- Vertiginidae (whorl snails) – terrestrial
- Columella edentula Draparnaud, 1805)
- Columella aspera Walden, 1966
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Vertigo_pusilla_shell.jpg/220px-Vertigo_pusilla_shell.jpg)
- Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
- Vertigo geyeri Lindholm, 1925
- Vertigo lilljeborgi (Westerlund, 1871)
- Vertigo moulinsiana(Dupuy, 1849)
- Vertigo pusilla O.F. Müller, 1774
- Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801)
- Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
- Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830
- Pupillidae – terrestrial
- Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)[12][13]
- Lauriidae – terrestrial
- Leiostyla anglica (Wood, 1828)
- Lauria cylindracea (da Costa, 1778)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Acanthinula_aculeata.jpg/220px-Acanthinula_aculeata.jpg)
- Valloniidae – terrestrial
- Vallonia costata (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Vallonia pulchella (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Vallonia c.f. excentrica = Vallonia excentrica Sterke, 1892
- Acanthinula aculeata (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Spermodea lamellata (Jeffreys, 1830)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Discus_rotundatus.jpg/220px-Discus_rotundatus.jpg)
- Enidae – terrestrial
- Merdigera obscura = Ena obscura (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Punctidae (dot snails) – terrestrial
- Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801)
- Discidae – terrestrial
- Discus rotundatus rotundatus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Arionidae (roundback slugs) – terrestrial
- Arion ater(Linnaeus, 1758)
- Arion flagellus Collinge, 1893 – probably introduced
- Arion vulgarisMoquin-Tandon, 1855 = (misapplied) Arion lusitanicus Mabille, 1868 – introduced
- Arion subfuscus Draparnaud, 1805
- Arion fuscus (O.F. Müller, 1774) – possibly introduced
- Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828
- Arion rufus(Linnaeus, 1758)
- (Arion silvaticus Lohmander, 1937, currently considered a variety of A. circumscriptus)[9]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Arion_distinctus_1.jpg/220px-Arion_distinctus_1.jpg)
- Arion fasciatus (Nilsson, 1823) – probably introduced
- Arion hortensis A. Férussac, 1819
- Arion distinctus J. Mabille, 1868
- Arion owenii Davies, 1979
- Arion intermedius (Normand, 1852)
- Arion occultus Anderson, 2004 – introduced
- Geomalacus maculosus Allman, 1843 – introduced[14]
- Pristilomatidae – terrestrial
- Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871)
- Vitrea crystallina (O.F. Müller, 1774)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Zonitoides_nitidus1pl.jpg/220px-Zonitoides_nitidus1pl.jpg)
- Euconulidae – terrestrial
- Euconulus fulvus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Euconulus alderi (J.E. Gray, 1840)
- Gastrodontidae – terrestrial
- Zonitoides nitidus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Zonitoides excavatus (Alder, 1830)
- Oxychilidae – terrestrial
- Oxychilus alliarius (Miller, 1822)
- Oxychilus cellarius (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Oxychilus draparnaudi draparnaudi (Beck, 1837) – introduced
- Oxychilus navarricus helveticus (Blum, 1881) – introduced
- Aegopinella nitidula (Draparnaud, 1805)
- Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830)
- Nesovitrea hammonis (Ström, 1765) =Perpolita hammonis
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Tandonia_budapestensis.jpg/220px-Tandonia_budapestensis.jpg)
- Milacidae – terrestrial
- Milax gagates (Draparnaud, 1801)
- Tandonia rustica (Millet, 1843)
- Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay, 1881) – introduced
- Tandonia sowerbyi (A. Férussac, 1823)
- Tandonia cf. cristata (Kaleniczenko, 1851)[9] – introduced
- Vitrinidae – terrestrial
- Vitrina pellucida (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Semilimax pyrenaicus (A. Férussac, 1821) – introduced?
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Tigerschnegel_P7234649_filtered.jpg/220px-Tigerschnegel_P7234649_filtered.jpg)
- Boettgerillidae– terrestrial
- Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912 – introduced
- Limacidae (keelback slugs) – terrestrial
- Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758
- Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803
- Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758) – introduced
- Limax maculatus(Kaleniczenko, 1851) – introduced
- Lehmannia marginata (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Ambigolimax valentianus (A. Férussac, 1822) – introduced
- Ambigolimax parvipenis Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022[15][16] – introduced
- Agriolimacidae – terrestrial
- Deroceras laeve (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Deroceras reticulatum (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Deroceras invadens Reise, Hutchinson, Schunack & Schlitt, 2011 – introduced
- Deroceras panormitanum (Lessona & Pollonera, 1882) – introduced[17]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Door_snail.jpg/220px-Door_snail.jpg)
- Ferussaciidae – terrestrial
- Cecilioides acicula (O.F. Müller, 1774) – probably introduced
- Clausiliidae (door snails) – terrestrial
- Cochlodina laminata (Montagu, 1803)
- Clausilia bidentata bidentata (Ström, 1765)
- Balea perversa (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Balea sarsiiPfeiffer, 1847
- Testacellidae(shelled slugs) – terrestrial
- Testacella maugei A. Férussac, 1822 – probably introduced
- Testacella haliotideaDraparnaud, 1801 – probably introduced
- Testacella scutulum Sowerby, 1821 – probably introduced
- Testacella sp. "tenuipenis"[9] – probably introduced
- Cochlicellidae– terrestrial
- Cochlicella acuta (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced
- Hygromiidae – terrestrial
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Cepaea_nemoralis02.jpg/220px-Cepaea_nemoralis02.jpg)
- Ashfordia granulata (Alder, 1830)
- Candidula gigaxii(L. Pfeiffer, 1850) – introduced
- Candidula intersecta(Poiret, 1801) – introduced
- Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) – probably introduced
- Helicella itala itala (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801) – introduced
- Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Trochulus striolatus (Pfeiffer, 1828)
- Zenobiella subrufescens(Miller, 1822)
- Helicidae – terrestrial
- Arianta arbustorum arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Helicigona lapicida lapicida (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Theba pisana pisana (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced
- Cepaea nemoralis nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Cepaea hortensis(O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Cornu aspersum aspersum = Helix aspersa (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced
Bivalvia
- Margaritiferidae – aquatic
- Margaritifera margaritifera(Linnaeus, 1758)
- Unionidae (river mussels) – aquatic
- Anodonta anatina(Linnaeus, 1758)
- Anodonta cygnea(Linnaeus, 1758)
- Sphaeriidae (pea clams, fingernail clams) – aquatic
- Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Sphaerium nucleus (Studer, 1820)
- Musculium lacustre (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Pisidium amnicum (O.F. Müller, 1774)
- Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791)
- Pisidium conventus (Clessin, 1877)
- Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard, 1823)
- Pisidium hibernicum Westerlund, 1894
- Pisidium lilljeborgii (Clessin, 1886)
- Pisidium milium Held, 1836
- Pisidium moitessierianum Paladilhe, 1866
- Pisidium nitidum Jenyns, 1832
- Pisidium obtusale (Lamarck, 1818)
- Pisidium personatum Malm, 1855
- Pisidium pulchellum (Jenyns, 1832)
- Pisidium pseudosphaerium Favre, 1927
- Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855
- Dreissenidae – aquatic
- Dreissena polymorpha(Pallas, 1771) – introduced
- Dreissena bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) – introduced[18]
- Corbiculidae (basket clams) – aquatic
- Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller, 1774) – introduced[19]
List of "hothouse alien" species
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Planorbella_duryi_shell.png)
These freshwater species are not truly part of the fauna, because they do not live in the wild. They are tropical, and thus are incapable of surviving in the wild in Ireland; instead they have established themselves as uninvited inhabitants of aquaria within greenhouses, and similar artificially-heated aquatic habitats.
- Lymnaeidae – aquatic
- Radix rubiginosa (Michelin, 1831), native to Indo-China and Indonesia
- Planorbidae – aquatic
- Planorbella duryi (Wetherby, 1879)
See also
- List of marine molluscs of Ireland
- Biota of the Isle of Man#Mollusca (molluscs)
- List of non-marine molluscs of Great Britain
- List of non-marine molluscs of the Netherlands
References
- ISSN 1753-2205.
- ^ a b (7 January 2009). Checklist of protected & rare species in Ireland[permanent dead link]. 15 pp., page 12.
- ^ a b Byrne A., Moorkens E. A., Anderson R., Killeen I. J. & Regan E. C. (2009). [1][permanent dead link] Ireland Red List No. 2 – Non-Marine Molluscs. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland.
- IUCN(2003) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional Levels: Version 3.0. IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK. ii + 26 pp.
- ^ (January 2009). "Third of snail species here threatened with extinction". The Irish Times.
- ^ "Little sand-bowl arrow snail at the point of no return".
- ^ a b Anderson R. (2009). "Value of species datasets as baselines (non-marine Mollusca)" Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ISBN 0-946589-48-8.
- ^ PMID 24740519.
- ISBN 978-1-908819-13-0.
- ISBN 9781908819581.
- .
- ^ MolluscaBase eds. "Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871)". MolluscaBase. Flanders Marine Institute. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
- .
- S2CID 250188836.
- ^ "Ambigolimax parvipenis Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022". Molluscabase. Flanders Marine Institute. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
- ^ Rowson, B.; Anderson, R.; Allen, S. (2016). "Another wave of invasion? First record of the true Sicilian slug Deroceras panormitanum sensu stricto from Ireland, and another from Wales (Pulmonata: Agriolimacidae)". Journal of Conchology. 42 (3): 123–125.
- S2CID 246820351.
- ^ Hayden, B.; Caffrey, J.M. (2013). "First recording of the Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774)) from the River Shannon, with preliminary notes on population size and size class distribution". Irish Naturalists' Journal. 32: 29–31.
Further reading
- Scharff, R. F. 1896. The slugs of Ireland. London.
- Rev. Canon J.W. Horsley Our British snails. London :Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge,1915. pdf (BHL) Beginners text and plates
- George Brettingham Sowerby Illustrated Index of British Shells (1859) s:Illustrated Index of British Shells Wikisource full text and plates
- Germain, L. Faune de France n° 21 Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles. vol I. 1930, 478 p.pdf
- Germain, L. Faune de France n° 22 Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles. vol. II. 1931, 520 p. 390 fig.pdf
- Germain, L. Illustrations des Faunes n° 21-22 Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles pdf
- Francisco Welter-Schultes, 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification. Bestimmungsbuch für europäische Land- und Süsswassermollusken. Planet Poster Editions, Göttingen.ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5
- George Washington Tryon article lists all parts of Manual of conchology 1887-1935 with online links.
- George W. Tryon, Jr., Henry Augustus Pilsbry and B. Sharp Manual of conchology, structural and systematic : with illustrations of the species Philadelphia :Published by the Author, Academy of Natural Sciences,1879-1898 Series 1 17 volumes online here
- George W. Tryon, Jr.,Horace Burrington Baker, Charles Montague Cooke, Alpheus Hyatt, Henry Augustus Pilsbry, Manual of conchology, structural and systematic : with illustrations of the species. by George W. Tryon, Jr. Second series, Pulmonata Philadelphia :Published by the Author,1885-1935. 28 volumes and indices online here
External links
- An annotated list of the non-marine molluscs of Britain and Ireland
- The Living World of Snails Robert Nordsieck Austria Highly recommended site
- MolluscIreland
- Invertebrate Ireland Online Partially illustrated checklist
- Northern Ireland's Priority Species & Species of Conservation Concern. Molluscs.
- Conchological Society Identification help.
- BDH Taylor, John William, Roebuck, William Denison and Ashford, Charles, 1829-1894 Monograph of the land & freshwater Mollusca of the British isles Leeds, Taylor Brothers Parts 8 -24. (all parts U.S. Archive
- National Biodiversity Network [2] Species distribution maps
- Irish Biodiversity Maps - including non-marine molluscs
- Molluscs of Central Europe Taxonomy. Images
- L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz The families of British non-marine molluscs (slugs, snails and mussels)
- Mollusca Slovenska Ecology Distribution (in text)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)