Long Island Motor Parkway
Long Island Motor Parkway | |
Queens, New York City (historic district only) | |
Coordinates | 40°44′13″N 73°45′35″W / 40.73694°N 73.75972°W |
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Area | 10 acres (4.0 ha) (historic district only) |
Built | October 10, 1908 |
Architect | E.G. Williams; E.H. Brown |
NRHP reference No. | 02000301[1] |
Added to NRHP | April 1, 2002 |
The Long Island Motor Parkway, also known as the Vanderbilt Parkway, Vanderbilt Motor Parkway, or Motor Parkway, was a limited-access parkway on Long Island, New York, in the United States. It was the first highway designed for automobile use only.[2] The parkway was privately built by William Kissam Vanderbilt II with overpasses and bridges to remove most intersections. It officially opened on October 10, 1908.[3] It closed in 1938 when it was taken over by the state of New York in lieu of back taxes. Parts of the parkway survive today, used as sections of other roads or as a bicycle trail.
Origins and construction
William Kissam Vanderbilt II, the great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt, was an auto-racing enthusiast and created the Vanderbilt Cup, the first major road racing competition, in 1904. He ran the races on local roads in Nassau County during the first decade of the 20th century, but the deaths of two spectators and injury to many others showed the need to eliminate racing on residential streets. Vanderbilt responded by establishing a company to build a graded, banked and grade-separated highway suitable for racing that was also free of the horse manure dust often churned up by motor cars. The resulting Long Island Motor Parkway, with its banked turns, guard rails, reinforced concrete roadbed, and limited-access, was the first expressway in the world.[4]
The road was originally planned to stretch for 70 miles (110 km) in and out of
By 1911, the road was extended to Lake Ronkonkoma. Its western stretch was also extended from Great Neck to what is now Fresh Meadows.[7] The Long Island Motor Parkway was the first road designed exclusively for automobile use, the first concrete highway in the United States, and the first to use overpasses and bridges to eliminate intersections.[8]
AAA Champ Car Venue
The parkway was used for four American Automobile Association Contest Board Champ Car races.[9] The first one was held on October 30, 1909, and was won by Harry Grant.[9] Three races were held on October 10, 1910, in front of a crowd estimated at 300,000 people.[9] Grant won the main 22-lap event.[9] A 15-lap event was won by Frank Gelnaw, and Bill Endicott won a 10-lap event.[9]
Date | Winner | Laps |
---|---|---|
October 30, 1909 | Harry Grant | 22 |
October 1, 1910 | Harry Grant | 22 |
October 1, 1910 | Frank Gelnaw | 15 |
October 1, 1910 | Bill Endicott | 10 |
Reference:[9]
Access
The Long Island Motor Parkway was a limited-access toll road, with access at a small number of toll booths, joined to local roads by short connector roads. Traffic could turn left between the parkway and connectors, crossing oncoming traffic, so it was not a controlled-access highway (or "freeway" as later defined by the federal government's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices). Access points were:
- Nassau Boulevard (NY 25D) west of Francis Lewis Boulevard. The right-of-way of Nassau Boulevard was later used for the Long Island Expressway (I-495).
- Hillside Avenue (NY 25B) – Springfield Boulevard south of 77th Avenue
- Great Neck – Lakeville Road south of Lake Road
- Roslyn – Roslyn Road south of Barnyard Lane
- Mineola – Jericho Turnpike (NY 25) at Rudolph Drive
- Garden City – Clinton Road at Vanderbilt Court
- Meadowbrook – Merrick Avenue north of Stewart Avenue
- Bethpage – Hicksville Road (NY 107) south of Avoca Avenue; Round Swamp Road south of Old Bethpage Road
- Melville – Broad Hollow Road (NY 110) north of Spagnoli Road
- Deer Park – Deer Park Road (NY 231)
- CR 14) to Jericho Turnpike (NY 25)
- Brentwood – Washington Avenue
- Ronkonkoma – Rosevale Avenue
When the parkway opened, the toll was set at $2. It was reduced to $1.50 in 1912, $1 in 1917, and 40 cents in 1938. The first six toll houses were designed by architect John Russell Pope, designer of the Jefferson Memorial and the rotunda in the American Museum of Natural History.[4] The toll houses were designed to include living space for the toll collectors so that toll could be collected at all hours. The most prominent remaining toll house is in Garden City.[10] Once located at the junction of Clinton Road and Vanderbilt Court, it was moved in 1989 to 230 Seventh Street, now the headquarters of the Garden City Chamber of Commerce.[11]
Demise
Roadway design advances of the 1920s rendered the road obsolete less than 20 years after construction. At the same time Robert Moses was planning the Northern State Parkway. In 1929, the owners and some Long Island officials proposed that New York State should buy the road and integrate it into the state parkway system, despite its narrow roadway (varying from 16 to 22 feet wide) and steep bridges not meeting new standards.[12] Moses opposed the idea, stating that the Long Island Motor Parkway had been "a white elephant for the last twenty years" and that it would need significant reconstruction to integrate it into the state parkway system.[13]
The completion of the Northern State Parkway signaled the end for the road. In 1937, the portion of the Long Island Motor Parkway in Suffolk County was donated to Suffolk County.[14] In July 1938, the remainder of the parkway's land was given to Nassau County and the Long Island State Parks Commission.[15][16]
Remaining portions
Most of the road in Queens is a bicycle trail from
The Nassau County roadway has been redeveloped, or turned into a
Another section may be seen on either side of Willis Avenue on the boundary between Albertson and Wiliston Park. On the east side of the avenue, several hundred yards of road provide access to the Williston Park pool property abutting the LIRR.[20]
Location | Melville–Ronkonkoma |
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Length | 14.51 mi[21] (23.35 km) |
The road survives as a continuous county road, Vanderbilt Motor Parkway (CR 67), from Half Hollow Road in Dix Hills to its original end in Ronkonkoma, just a few blocks short of the lake. Signage along the way also identifies it variously as Vanderbilt Parkway and Motor Parkway. From Half Hollow Road, it goes northeast to NY 231 (Deer Park Avenue). It starts to parallel the Northern State Parkway and intersects with
Though not a limited-access highway since 1938, most of the road was recognizable into the 1970s, while new intersections continued to be cut through it. In the approximate middle of the road in and around Islandia
In 2008 the road celebrated its 100th anniversary. On October 30, 2011, a centennial event marked the 100th anniversary of the completion of the Lake Ronkonkoma section. Led by the winner of the 1909 and 1910 Vanderbilt Cup races, a parade of automobiles made prior to 1948 went from Dix Hills to Lake Ronkonkoma.[22]
See also
References
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ISBN 978-0-7385-5793-9.
- ^ a b "35 cars to race on the Motor Parkway" (PDF). The New York Times. October 10, 1908. p. 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 1, 2018.
- ^ a b c Patton, Phil (October 9, 2008). "A 100-Year-Old Dream: A Road Just for Cars". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 10, 2018.
- ^ Adcock, Sylvia (April 12, 1998). "The Age of the Auto: Sportsman William K. Vanderbilt II's cup race paves the way to the future". Newsday. p. A16. Archived from the original on January 31, 2005.
- ^ "Alco again wins Vanderbilt Cup but race's death toll is high" (PDF). The New York Times. October 2, 1910. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 1, 2018.
- ^ "Longer Motor Parkway: Long Island Organization Will Add Five Miles of Good Roads in Queens". The New York Times. July 12, 1911. p. 9.
- ^ Adcock, Sylvia (April 12, 1998). "The Age of the Auto: Sportsman William K. Vanderbilt II's cup race paves the way to the future". Newsday. p. A16. Archived from the original on January 31, 2005.
- ^ a b c d e f "AAA Champ Car Race Results at Long Island Motor Parkway". www.racing-reference.info. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
- ^ Garden City Historical Society Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine Garden City Toll Lodge
- ^ Giardino, Carisa (June 23, 2011). "Efforts Underway to Preserve Long Island Motor Parkway". Garden City Patch. Retrieved August 26, 2011.
- ^ "Wants State to Buy L.I. Motor Parkway: Nassau Citizens' Group Starts Movement to Condemn It for Public Use: Would Acquire Park land: Widening and Landscaping Advocated for Old Road Built for Sportsmen". The New York Times. July 29, 1929. p. 15.
- ^ "Derides Plan to Buy L.I. Motor Parkway: Moses Calls Idea 'Propaganda for Nassau Millionaire Estate Owners'". The New York Times. July 31, 1929. p. 23.
- ^ "Motor Parkway Gift Accepted by Suffolk; Supervisors Approve Vanderbilt Transfer of 17-Mile Right-of-Way for Public Use". The New York Times. October 26, 1937. p. 18.
- ^ "Completes Gift of Road: W. K. Vanderbilt Jr. Gives Last 50 Miles of Parkway to Nassau". The New York Times. July 1, 1938. p. 21.
- ^ "County Takes Over Parkway". The New York Times. July 26, 1938. p. 32.
- ^ "NYC DOT – Bicycle Maps" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. 2019. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
- ^ Newman, Andy (August 8, 2014) "Duo Push For Park Path" the Great Neck Record. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
- ^ The Great Neck Lodge in Lake Success Vanderbiltcupraces.com. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
- ^ "Long Island Motor Parkway". Forgotten New York. July 9, 2000. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
- ^ "Region 3 Inventory Listing". New York State Department of Transportation. March 2, 2009. Archived from the original on April 19, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2010.
- ^ Vaccaro, Chris R. (October 21, 2011). "Motor Parkway Parade Rescheduled for October 30". Sachem Patch. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
External links
- Long Island Motor Parkway (VanderbiltCupRaces.com)
- Long Island Vanderbilt Parkway (NYCROADS.com)
- Long Island Motor Parkway Preservation Society (VanderbiltCupRaces.com)
- Long Island Motor Parkway (Arrt's Arrchives)
- LIMP (wikimapia.org map showing route and remnants of the parkway)
- County Route 67 at Alps' Roads