Ludwigia grandiflora
Ludwigia grandiflora | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Myrtales |
Family: | Onagraceae |
Genus: | Ludwigia |
Species: | L. grandiflora
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Binomial name | |
Ludwigia grandiflora | |
Synonyms[1] | |
List
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Ludwigia grandiflora, the water primrose, is an aquatic plant of the order Myrtales.[2]
It is closely related and easily confused with Ludwigia hexapetala.[3] The two species can be distinguished at a chromosomal level, because L. grandiflora is hexaploid and L. hexapetala is decaploid.[4] However, they can be distinguished morphologically. L. grandiflora has villous hairs, smaller flowers and smaller pollen grains.[4] Some authorities consider that these differences are too slight to consider these different species and so separate these taxa as two varieties or two subspecies.[5][6]
Invasive species
Ludwigia grandiflora has been listed on the List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern since 2016[7] and in the United States it is on the South Carolina State-listed Noxious Weed list.[8] It out-competes other plants by forming dense mats at the margins and in ponds.[9] It is introduced to warm temperate areas of North America, Japan and Europe and has formed large stable populations, particularly in France.[10] As of summer 2024, the Portuegese city of Arganil announces measures against the species in its river Alva.[11]
Life history
Ludwigia grandiflora can, and does, produce viable seed, but it is also highly effective at vegetative reproduction and apparently recruitment of new plants from seed is low.[12] The large showy flowers attract a wide variety of insects. A study in Belgium, where L. grandiflora is introduced, showed that the flowers are visited by a wide variety of insects including bees, Lepidoptera, beetles and hoverflies.[13]
References
- ^ "Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
- ^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species". The Plant List. Archived from the original on 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
- ^ Jacono, Colette. "Identification of common aquatic water-primrose species, Ludwigia, in Florida" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-01-31. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
- ^ JSTOR 2419276.
- ^ Ward, Daniel Bertram (2012). "New combinations in the Florida Flora III". Phytologia. 94 (3): 459–485. Archived from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2020-01-28 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- JSTOR 4034110.
- ^ "List of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern - Environment - European Commission". ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 2019-12-30. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
- ^ "South Carolina State Noxious Weeds List | USDA PLANTS". plants.usda.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-09-19. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
- ^ "Ludwigia grandiflora - Bugwoodwiki". wiki.bugwood.org. Archived from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
- S2CID 46339363.
- ^ https://correiodabeiraserra.sapo.pt/arganil-esta-a-proceder-ao-combate-das-especies-invasoras-no-rio-alva/
- .
- from the original on 2023-07-20. Retrieved 2020-02-03.