Lygaeidae

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Lygaeidae
Acroleucus brevicollis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Infraorder: Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily: Lygaeoidea
Family: Lygaeidae
Schilling, 1829
Diversity
at least 110 genera

The Lygaeidae are a family in the

genera in four subfamilies. The family is commonly referred to as seed bugs, and less commonly, milkweed bugs, or ground bugs.[1] However, while many of the species feed on seeds, some feed on sap (mucivory) or seed pods, others are omnivores and a few, such as the wekiu bug, are carnivores that feed exclusively on insects.[2][3] Insects in this family are distributed across the world.[4] The family was vastly larger, but numerous former subfamilies have been removed and given independent family status, including the Artheneidae, Blissidae, Cryptorhamphidae, Cymidae, Geocoridae, Heterogastridae, Ninidae, Oxycarenidae and Rhyparochromidae, which together constituted well over half of the former family.[5][6]

The bizarre and mysterious beetle-like Psamminae were formerly often placed in the Piesmatidae, but this is almost certainly incorrect. Their true affiliations, however, are not entirely resolved to satisfaction.[7]

Distinguishing Characteristics

Lygaeidae are oval or elongate in body shape and have four-segmented

ocelli, or simple eyes. They are distinguished from Coreidae (squash bugs) by the number of veins in the membrane of the front wings, as Lygaeidae have only four or five veins.[9]

Subfamilies and selected genera

An incomplete list of Lygaeidae genera is subdivided as:[10][11]

subfamily Ischnorhynchinae Stål, 1872
subfamily Lygaeinae Schilling, 1829
subfamily Orsillinae Stål, 1872
subfamily † Lygaenocorinae
Unplaced genera

The Pachygronthinae Stål, 1865 (type genus Pachygrontha Germar, 1840) may be placed here[10] or elevated to the family Pachygronthidae.[11]

Gallery

  • False milkweed bug, Lygaeus turcicus, on Asteraceae flower
    False milkweed bug, Lygaeus turcicus, on Asteraceae flower
  • Small milkweed bug, Lygaeus kalmii), nymph (bottom) and mature (top)
    Small milkweed bug, Lygaeus kalmii), nymph (bottom) and mature (top)
  • Large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, on a butterfly weed
    Large milkweed bug,
    Oncopeltus fasciatus
    , on a butterfly weed
  • Oncopeltus varicolor ssp. stalii
    Oncopeltus varicolor ssp. stalii

References

  1. ISBN 9780128186213
    .
  2. ISBN 9780128096338
    .
  3. S2CID 44239028
    .
  4. ^ "Family Lygaeidae - Seed Bugs". bugguide.net.
  5. doi:10.1093/aesa/90.3.275
    .
  6. ISBN 9780643068759
    .
  7. S2CID 86107041
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-913-424-16-2
    .
  9. ^ "Family Lygaeidae". ENT 425 - General Entomology.
  10. ^ a b BioLb.cz: family ground bugs: Lygaeidae Schilling, 1829 (retrieved 26 October 2021)
  11. ^ a b Dellapé, Pablo M.; Henry, Thomas J. (2019). "family Lygaeidae Schilling, 1829". Lygaeoidea Species File. Retrieved 2019-06-19.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lygaeidae.
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