Lynn Hill
Personal information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Born | Detroit, Michigan, US | January 3, 1961|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Height | 5 ft 2 in (157 cm)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weight | 110 lb (50 kg) (1993)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Climbing career | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Type of climber | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Highest grade |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Known for | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First ascents | The Nose (870 metres, 31-pitches, 1993, 5.14a) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
|
Carolynn Marie Hill (born January 3, 1961)
Hill was a
Early years
Childhood
Born in
Introduction to climbing
In 1975, Hill's sister, Kathy Hill and her sister's fiancé, Chuck Bludworth, took her on her first climbing trip; she was hooked,
As a young teenager, Hill climbed in southern California, primarily in Joshua Tree National Park. She earned money for day trips out to the park by working at a Carl's Jr.[17] Bludworth initially taught her climbing culture; he subscribed to magazines and read books which Hill then devoured. She was influenced in particular by Yvon Chouinard's ethic of "leaving no trace" on the rock.[17] Moreover, the climbing of Beverly Johnson captured her imagination, particularly Johnson's 10-day solo of Dihedral Wall on El Capitan.[14] As Hill explains in her autobiography, "I was awed, but not just by the know-how and hard work she'd put into her ascent. It was the courage and confidence that it took to put herself on the line, to do something on the cutting edge—to climb one of the world's greatest big walls in one of the most challenging ways possible: solo. She had succeeded and she'd given women climbers like me enormous confidence to be ourselves and not feel limited by being a minority in a male-dominated sport."[18]
Hill attended Fullerton College in the late 1970s, but she did not have a strong interest in any academic subject; instead she was focused on climbing.[19] In the summers of 1976–78 and the early 1980s Hill frequently camped at Camp 4 in Yosemite Valley, becoming part of the climbing community centered there and joining the search and rescue team.[20] In her autobiography, Hill describes the community as "a ragged occupying army, annoying park rangers by eluding camp fees, overstaying their welcome, and comporting themselves like gypsies".[21] As Hill describes it, climbing in the late 1970s and early 1980s was "something that people who were outcasts in society did, people who were not conformists".[22] As she had earlier, Hill worked in order to be able to climb. One summer, she writes, she survived in Camp 4 on only $75. In her autobiography, she describes how climbers eked out a life at the camp, recycling cans to pay for climbing ropes and subsisting on condiments and left-over food from tourists. However, Hill remembers "these dirt-poor days ... [as] among the best and the most carefree of my life, and though my friends were often scoundrels, I felt their friendship convincingly."[23]
Beverly Johnson had previously started to bridge the gender gap at Camp 4, but it remained strongly male-dominated.
Hill learned the essence of her climbing technique from the
Hill climbed with and became involved with climber
The following year Hill and Long moved from Las Vegas to
In 1983, Hill was interviewed by
Climbing career
Hill started to participate in
Living near the Shawangunks during her college years, Hill pioneered many new free climbing routes.
Competitive career
As a result of Hill's impressive climbs in The Gunks, she was invited to climb in Europe in 1986. The
I'd been a child during the 1960s when women burned their bras and hundreds of thousands gathered in protests against the Vietnam War. As a climber, I've felt connected to a similar nonconformist culture, one opposed to society's increasing materialism, pollution and corruption. Our approach to the rock—clean, traditional climbing, with the least dependence on equipment—was an extension of this ethical viewpoint.
— Lynn Hill[2]
She became a professional climber in 1988 and the subsequent interviews, photoshoots and media appearances led to her becoming a spokesperson for climbing.[14] As Hill explained, competition climbing is "such a different activity than going out and climbing on rock ... You're in front of all these people ... You're there to perform."[34] From the beginning of her sport climbing career, Hill was aware that the sport was evolving and growing. For example, she pointed out in an interview that some competition organizers would chop down trees and alter rocks just for the sake of a competition; she could foresee that competitions would all eventually take place on artificial walls for environmental reasons.[13]
Throughout the early 1980s, Hill had remained a traditionalist, but after her 1986 trip to Europe, she started adopting many sport climbing techniques.[39] For instance, she had resisted hang-dogging (hanging on the rope at any point during the climb), holding with the philosophy that it was cheating, but after experimenting with it during her ascent of Vandals, she found it a useful way to learn challenging climbs.[14][46] During the mid-1980s, there was great tension in the climbing community between traditionalists and new sport climbers. There was even a "Great Debate" in 1986 at the American Alpine Club at which a panel of all-star participants—including Hill—were invited to discuss the merits of the two different styles, especially sport climbing that required the insertion of fixed bolts into the rock.[47][48] Hill has argued that "the purpose of climbing is to adapt yourself to the rock. You work on yourself to overcome the obstacle of the rock ... I believe climbers should leave the rock as unaltered as possible ... you have a responsibility not only to put in safe bolts but to put them in logical places—to do the least possible alteration of the rock to establish the best possible experience for others".[13]
From 1986 to 1992 Hill was one of the world's top sport climbers, winning over thirty international titles, including five victories at the Arco Rock Master.[49] This coincided with the era when the leading female climbers caught up with the leading men.[50] In 1990, at the final stage of the World Cup Final, she was one of three competitors and the only woman to reach the top of the wall—and the only climber to complete the hardest move. As Joseph Taylor writes in his history of climbers of Yosemite, "at that moment Lynn Hill was arguably the best climber in the world, male or female".[51] Hill describes this as her most satisfying win because her competition—Isabelle Patissier—received information on how to do the final climb from the men who had already finished it. Moreover, Hill was starting with zero points in the competition because she had made a mistake in the previous competition, so she had to win big or not at all (the World Cup consisted of a series of competitions in which the participants were given points for a variety of climbing techniques). "It took all of my effort and concentration to pull through the route. The moves I had to make were really spectacular, but I managed to do them. I was so excited to get to the top ... I proved a point about women and what we're capable of—a lot of the best men had fallen off that route."[13] As a professional climber, Hill was able during this time to support herself by doing what she loved; she made approximately half of her income from climbing competitions and half from sponsorships.[43]
In January 1990, Hill set another landmark by becoming the first woman to
Hill has experienced only one major accident in her climbing career. On May 9, 1989, she fell during a climb in Buoux, France; after forgetting to tie a safety rope, she fell 85 ft (25 m) into a tree, and was knocked unconscious, dislocated her left elbow and broke a bone in her foot. She had been training hard for the World Cup and had to stop competing for a few months to recover; she was devastated to miss the first World Cup in the sport.[34][54] However, only six weeks after her fall, she was back climbing.[55]
The Nose
Hill did not regard sport climbing to be real climbing[56] and felt out of place on the professional indoor climbing World Cup circuit, so she left in 1992 and went back to traditional rock climbing.[14] As she explained in an interview, "the thing I didn't like too much towards the end was how focused it was on just indoor climbing and training. I didn't start out training on artificial walls, and that's not really ever something that I wanted to do as a full-time profession".[22] In her autobiography, she also comments on the "bad sportsmanship, rule bending, and monumental egos that infested the competitions".[57] She looked for different challenges and set herself the task of free climbing (that is, using climbing aids only to protect her from falls) The Nose, a famous route on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley.
Asked why she was motivated to climb The Nose, Hill has said:
At the end of my competition career I felt like things were evolving more towards the indoor format and it really wasn't how I started to climb and it didn't represent the values of climbing in a complete way and so I decided I would do something like this as a retirement gesture. John Long said 'hey Lynnie you should go up and try to free climb The Nose'. So it just happened to be the perfect goal for me and I liked the fact this climb was in Yosemite because I remember going there and just seeing the valley and it was just mind blowing how beautiful it was. I couldn't imagine a more beautiful place anywhere in the world. For me The Nose was much bigger than me, it wasn't about me, it wasn't about my ego, my gratification it was actually something that I wanted to do. I felt like I had a chance and that if I could do that it would be a really big statement to people to think about. You don't have to be a man to do something that's 'out there' as a first ascent. Obviously people tried to do that route and they failed on it and so if a lot of good climbers have come and tried to do it and failed and a woman comes and does it first it's really meaningful. That was my underlying motivation.[49]
Hill first attempted to free climb The Nose in 1989 with
The next year, in 1994 she surpassed this achievement, by becoming the first person to free climb the entire route in a single 24-hour period.[62] Usually the climb takes four to six days (Hill had previously done it in four) and most climbers are aid climbing; that is, most climbers allow themselves to use mechanical aids to assist their climbing rather than just their own skill and bodies.[63]
Hill wanted to join her effort with that of making a film that "would convey the history and spirit of climbing".
In her autobiography, Hill explains how she had "underestimated" how complicated climbing The Nose in a day would be with a film crew. Endless complications arose, such as the American coproducer backing out at the last minute, the soundman and cameraman refusing to rappel down the summit because they were afraid, and minor technical problems such as dead batteries. Hill herself had to coordinate many of the logistics because the producer had abandoned the project.[66] Her first attempt to free climb The Nose in a day was plagued with problems. She ran out of chalk after 22 pitches, very nearly ran out of water and was taxed by the intense heat.[67] She tried again soon after. On September 19 at 10 pm, she and her partner Steve Sutton, began the ascent again, this time without a film crew. After 23 hours, she had free climbed the entire route.[68] In his book on the changing culture of Yosemite climbers, Joseph Taylor explains that Hill's ascent of The Nose demonstrates how climbing in the Yosemite Valley had altered from its origins in 1960s counterculture to become a "consumable experience". Hill staged what he describes as a "spectacle", filming the event "to capture the spontaneity of her one-day ascent", but she was only successful when not surrounded by a film crew.[69]
The "Free Nose" and the "Free Nose in a day" remained unrepeated over 10 years after Hill's first ascents—despite numerous attempts by some of the best big wall climbers in the world. Over time, a consensus grade of
World traveler
In 1995, Hill joined
Hill started offering climbing camps in five locations in the United States in 2005, with plans for more.
Gender politics
Hill repeatedly tells a story from when she was 14 years old and bouldering in Joshua Tree: she succeeded on a route when a man came over and commented how surprised he was that she could do the route because even he could not. "I thought, well, why would you expect that you automatically could do it? Just because I was a small girl, was I not to be able to do it? It was a memorable experience because it occurred to me then that other people had a different view of what I should or shouldn't be capable of doing. I think that people should just do whatever they can do or want to do. It shouldn't be a matter of if they're a man or a woman. It shouldn't be a matter of one's sex."[22][86][87]
Long an advocate for gender equality in climbing, Hill has argued that men and women can climb the same routes: "I think they should have women compete on the same climbs as the men, and if the women can't do the climbs, then they shouldn't be competing".[4] For example, she argued that both sexes compete on the same routes in World Cup competitions.[34] However, Hill later revised her view, noting that while she could and did compete with men "spectators want to see people get to the top. And since most women aren't climbing at the same level as the top men, it's necessary to design a route that's a little easier for women".[13] In answer to a question about whether or not women "will ever equal or surpass men in climbing", Hill gave a detailed response, focused on body composition, size, and psychology, explaining that climbing "favors people with high strength-to-weight ratios[s]", less body fat, and greater height, articulating that such characteristics often favor men but that women "have the advantage of being relatively light, with the capacity for tremendous endurance".[13] She explained that "theoretically somebody as short as me could be the best in the world because it doesn't depend so much on height now ... And it's a psychological thing more than a physical thing."[13]
Hill experienced discrimination throughout her climbing career and in an interview with
Hill has been credited with bringing many women into rock climbing. The 1980s saw a large influx of women into the sport, in part because more women were visible in it and in part because
Media
Hill has participated in various television productions, such as
In 1999, Hill appeared in Extreme, an IMAX film on adventure sports.[93] For that production, she and Nancy Feagin had been filmed the previous May crack climbing in Indian Creek Valley in Utah.[86] She also appeared in Vertical Frontier, a documentary about competitive climbing in California's Yosemite Valley.[94]
In 2002, Hill collaboratively wrote an autobiography,
Personal life
Hill met fellow Gunks climber
Hill met her partner as of 2004, chef Brad Lynch, on a climbing trip in Moab, Utah,[3] and at the age of 42, she gave birth to a son. Hill has spoken frequently about how having a child lessened the amount of time she had for climbing but not her love for it. As she said in one interview, "I feel that right now, it doesn't have to be all about me and my experiences. I was ready to begin a new role; to face new challenges and adventures as a mother. It's a good learning experience adjusting to the sacrifices that need to be made."[98]
In 2015 she was inducted into the Boulder (Colorado) Sports Hall of Fame.[99]
Notable ascents
- 1979, Ophir Broke II 5.12d,
- 1979, Pea Brain 5.12d, Independence Pass, Colorado − First free ascent with John Long[52]
- 1979, Stairway to Heaven III 5.12, Tahquitz Peak, California − First free ascent, with John Long and Tim Powell[52]
- 1980, Coatamundi Whiteout II 5.12, Granite Mountain, Arizona − First free ascent, with John Long and Keith Cunning[52]
- 1981, Hidden Arch 5.12a, Joshua Tree, California − First free ascent[52]
- 1981, Levitation 29 IV 5.11a, Red Rock, Nevada − First free ascent, with John Long and Jorge and Joanne Urioste[52]
- 1982, Blue Nubian 5.11, Joshua Tree, California − First free ascent[52]
- 1984, Yellow Crack 5.12R/X, Shawangunks − First free ascent[52]
- 1984, Vandals, 5.13a,
- 1984, Organic Iron 5.12c, Shawangunks − First ascent[52]
- 1985, Organic Iron 5.12c, Shawangunks − First free ascent, with Russ Raffa[52]
- 1987, Girls Just Want to Have Fun 5.12 X, Shawangunks − First free ascent[52]
- 1988, The Greatest Show on Earth 5.12d, New River Gorge, West Virginia − First free ascent[52]
- 1989, Running Man 5.13d, Shawangunks − First free ascent[52]
- 1990, Masse Critique 5.14a,
- 1992, Simon 5.13b,
- 1993, The Nose 5.14a/b, Yosemite − First to free climb with partner Brooke Sandahl[52]
- 1994, Mingus V 5.13a, 12 pitches, Verdon Gorge, France − First free ascent, onsight[52]
- 1994, The Nose 5.14a/b, Yosemite − First free ascent[52]
- 1995, Clodhopper Direct IV 5.10+, Central Pyramid, Kyrgyzstan − First ascent, with Greg Child[52]
- 1995, Perestroika Crack V 5.12b, Peak Slesova, Kyrgyzstan − First free ascent, with Greg Child[52]
- 1995, West Face V 5.12b, Peak 4810, Kyrgyzstan − First free ascent, with Alex Lowe[52]
- 1997, Tete de Chou 5.13a, Todra Gorge, Morocco − First ascent[52]
- 1998, Midnight Lightning V8 (7B/7B+), Camp 4, Yosemite − First female ascent of a famous American boulder.[52]
- 1998, King Cobra V8 (7B/7B+), Camp 4, Yosemite − First female ascent[52]
- 1998, To Bolt or Not to Be 5.14a, Smith Rocks, Oregon − First female ascent[52]
- 1999, Scarface 5.14a, Smith Rocks, Oregon − First female ascent[52]
- 1999, Bravo les Filles VI 5.13d A0, 13 pitches, Tsaranoro Massif, Madagascar − First ascent, with Nancy Feagin, Kath Pyke, and Beth Rodden[52]
- 2004, Viva la Liberdad 5.12b, Vinales, Cuba − First ascent[52]
- 2004, Sprayathon 5.13c, Rifle, Colorado − First female ascent[52]
- 2005, West Face, Leaning Tower, V 5.13b/c,
Competitions
- 1986, Grand-Prix d'Escalade, Troubat, winner[13]
- 1987, Rock Master, Arco, Italy, winner[52]
- 1987, World Indoor Rock Climbing Premier, winner, Grenoble, France[6]
- 1988, Rock Master, Arco, Italy, winner[52]
- 1988, International Climbing competition, winner, Marseille, France[6]
- 1988, Masters Competition, winner, Paris, France[6]
- 1989, Rock Master, Arco, Italy, winner[52]
- 1989, Masters Competition, winner, Paris, France[6]
- 1989, German Free Climbing Championships, winner[6]
- 1989, International Climbing competition, winner[6]
- 1989, World Cup, winner, Lyon, France[6]
- 1990, Rock Master, Arco, Italy, winner[52]
- 1990, World Cup, winner (tied with Isabelle Patissier from France), Lyon, France[45][52]
- 1990, International Climbing competition, winner[6]
- 1992, Rock Master, Arco, Italy, winner[52]
Awards
See also
- List of grade milestones in rock climbing
- History of rock climbing
- Rankings of most career IFSC gold medals
- Valley Uprising — A documentary about the history of climbing in Yosemite Valley, prominently featuring Hill.
References
- ^ a b "Mile High in Her Field : Rock-Climber Lynn Hill, a Native of Fullerton, Is First Female Star of the Sport – Los Angeles Times". articles.latimes.com. 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
- ^ a b "Faces: Carolynn Marie Hill". Alpinist. 17. 2006.
- ^ a b c d e Potterfield, Peter (December 9, 2004). "Lynn Hill: One of the great rock climbers of the era takes on writing and motherhood". greatoutdoors.com. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Stieger, John (August 1987). "Lynn Hill". Climbing: 48–57.
- ^ ISBN 1-878067-20-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-57356-120-4.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 14.
- ^ a b Mills, Merope (November 29, 2002). "Rock Chick". The Guardian. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 24–26.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 26.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 26–27.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4381-0789-9.
- ^ ISBN 0-89886-296-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7922-7958-7.
- ^ Taylor III 2010, p. 234.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 121–122.
- ^ a b Achey, Jeff (October 11, 2011). "Legends: Lynn Hill". Climbing. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 126.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 131.
- ^ a b "Friends of Yosemite Lawsuit". bigwalls.net. 2006. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 81.
- ^ a b c Potterfield, Peter (August 24, 1999). "Lynn Hill: Climbing Through the Glass Ceiling". moutainzone.com. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 105–109.
- ^ Taylor III 2010, pp. 218–219.
- ^ Taylor III 2010, pp. 221–222.
- ^ Taylor III 2010, pp. 223–224.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 125.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-89886-876-0.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 159–160.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 127–129.
- ^ a b c Long, John (May–June 1992). "Little Lynny". Rock & Ice. 40: 20.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 131–132.
- ^ a b Long, John. "Guilty Pleasures". Rock and Ice. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Gabriel, Trip (December 31, 1989). "Cliffhanger". The New York Times Magazine.
- ^ a b Hill & Child 2002, pp. 151–152.
- ^ "Lynn Hill " Club d'Escalade de l'Avranchin". grimpavranches.com. 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
- ^ a b Hill & Child 2002, pp. 170–171.
- ^ a b Hill & Child 2002, p. 143.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-89886-728-2.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 186.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8117-3103-4.
lynn hill.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 188.
- ^ a b c "Interview: Lynn Hill". Rock & Ice. 40: 20–22. May–June 1992.
- ISBN 2-7003-9594-8.
- ^ a b c d e Roberts, David (May 2, 2004). "And the Best Woman Sport Climber Is ..." www.outsideonline.com. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 186–187.
- ^ Taylor III 2010, p. 229.
- ISBN 978-0-89886-876-0.
- ^ a b McCue, Andy. "Interview: Lynn Hill". www.climber.co.uk. Archived from the original on April 19, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
- ISBN 1-84000-124-0.
- ^ Taylor III 2010, p. 254.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "Lynn Hill". climbandmore.com. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ^ Parker, Christopher. "Evergreen: Lynn Hill Climbs Living in Fear". Rock and Ice. Retrieved December 14, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 1–11.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 207.
- ^ "UTAH HOSTS THE BEST CLIMBERS IN WORLD | Deseret News". deseretnews.com. 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
It's a whole different thing ... It's not really climbing.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 214.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 231.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 236–240.
- ^ Lynn Hill (1994). "El Capitan's Nose Climbed Free". American Alpine Journal. 36 (68): 41–49.
- ^ a b Hill & Child 2002, p. 238.
- ^ Lynn Hill (1995). "First Free Ascent of the Nose in a Day". American Alpine Journal. 37 (69): 61–65.
- ^ Martin, Claire (April 22, 2002). "Higher & Higher: Free-climber Lynn Hill works out solutions for the impossible". Denver Post.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 240.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 241.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 242.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 242–243.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 243–246.
- ^ Taylor III 2010, p. 258.
- ^ Caldwell, Tommy (2008). "Mountain Profile: The Captain". Alpinist. 25: 46–47.
- ^ Hightower, Elizabeth (March 4, 2007). "Climb Like a Girl". The New York Times.
- ^ Jenkins, Mark (December 29, 2011). "Temerarios y libres – escalada sin cuerdas". Villabasemueve. Archived from the original on June 23, 2013. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
- ^ Lee, Janet (February 1995). "Rock Steady". Women's Sports & Fitness. 17 (1): 23.
- ^ Alexander Huber (2001). "Climbs and Expeditions:Contiguous United States – California – Yosemite Valley – El Capitan, Golden Gate, New Route". American Alpine Journal. American Alpine Club: 172.
- ^ Björn Strömberg (May 19, 2008). "The best "allround climber" in the world". 8a.nu. Retrieved April 5, 2013.
- Mountaineering Council of Ireland. 1999. Archived from the originalon March 12, 2005. Retrieved July 11, 2006.
- ^ Fallesen, Gary (2007). "Lynn Hill – Balancing Life By Climbing Free". Climbing for Christ. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
- ^ MacDonald, Douglad. "Caldwell-Rodden Free the Nose". climbing.com. Archived from the original on November 3, 2006. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
- ^ Schmidt, David. "The Nose Free in a Day". climbing.com. Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
- ^ a b Hill & Child 2002, p. 267.
- ProQuest 236381967.
- ^ a b "Lynn Hill – Van Heyst Group". vanheyst.com. 2013. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
- ^ a b "Interview bei klettern.de – Lynn Hill im Interview". klettern.de. 2013. Archived from the original on November 6, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
- ^ "Lynn Hill: Rock Climbing". Patagonia. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
- ^ Labreveux, Fred (April 29, 2010). "Lynn Hill est trop vieille… Mais sinon nous vivons une époque formidable". Grimper. Retrieved March 8, 2013.
- ^ a b Gasperini, Kathleen. "Going to Extremes with Lynn Hill and Nancy Feagin". MountainZone.com. Retrieved January 9, 2013.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 43.
- ISBN 1-878067-20-6.
- ^ Interview by John Martin Meek. December 2, 1995. American Alpine Club. Retrieved December 13, 2012.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 136–137.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 138.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, p. 152.
- ^ Ruibal, Sal (May 20, 1999). "Rock climber hits new heights". USA Today.
- ^ Eisner, Ken (August 3, 2003). "Seattle in Brief". Variety. p. 33.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 174–179.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 212–213.
- ^ Hill & Child 2002, pp. 215–216.
- ^ Cauble, Christine (October 7, 2010). "Lynn Hill: Climbs. Rocks. Speaks". rockriprollgirl.com. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
- ^ "Mike Sandrock: Hall of Fame inductees exemplify 'Boulder athlete'". Boulder Daily Camera. September 4, 2015. Retrieved March 3, 2020.
- ^ a b c Oviglia, Maurizio (December 23, 2012). "The evolution of free climbing". PlanetMountain.com. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
- ^ Bisharat, Andrew (March 1, 2017). "American Woman Reaches a New Milestone in Rock Climbing". National Geographic. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
- ^ "www.stanford.edu"'Yosemite – Midsize Hard Free Climbs"
Cited texts
- Hill, Lynn; ISBN 978-0-393-04981-7.
- Taylor III, Joseph E. (2010). Pilgrims of the Vertical: Yosemite Rock Climbers and Nature at Risk. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05287-1.
External links
- Climbandmore.com – Lynn Hill complete climbing profile
- Lynn Hill climbs Midnight Lightning
- Excerpts from a documentary about Lynn Hill climbing the Nose from the Autry National Center
- Video showing Hill climbing West Face, Leaning Tower
- Interview Lynn Hill and the Nose, El Capitan, Yosemite
- Lynn Hill on theCrag (Profile with notable ascents)