Maemo
ARM architecture | |
Kernel type | Linux kernel |
---|---|
Userland | GNU |
Default user interface | Hildon UI |
License | Mixed unspecified open-source and proprietary[1] |
Official website | maemo |
Maemo is a
The user interface in Maemo 4 is similar to many hand-held interfaces and features a "home" screen, from which all applications and settings are accessed. The home screen is divided into areas for launching applications, a menu bar, and a large customizable area that can display information such as an RSS reader, Internet radio player, and Google search box. The Maemo 5 user interface is slightly different; the menu bar and info area are consolidated to the top of the display, and the four desktops can be customized with shortcuts and widgets.
At the
Since 2017, a new release called
User interface
OS2005–OS2008
Up to Maemo 4 (AKA OS2008), the default screen is the "Home" screen — the central point from which all applications and settings are accessed. The Home Screen is divided into the following areas:
- Vertically down the left hand side of the screen is the taskbar, with applets for the web browser, communications, and application menu by default. These can be modified using third party plug-ins (e.g. to provide a favorites or command menu).
- Horizontally across the top left half is the menu bar, which shows the application name and window title, and gives access to the application's menu (which contains the typical file, edit, view, tools, etc., menus and sub-menus).
- Horizontally across the top right quadrant is the status bar, containing icons such as battery life, wireless connection, volume, Bluetooth status, and brightness by default. These can be expanded using third party plug-ins in the same manner as the task-bar.
- The remaining large part of the display contains Home applets (roughly analogous to Dashboard widgets), which can display data as well as serving as a shortcut to applications. These include an RSS reader, Internet radio player, Google search box and contact list by default, but can also be expanded with third party plug-ins.
The interface uses either the touch screen, or a directional pad and select button, with separate back, menu, and home buttons. It is capable of receiving text input through handwriting recognition, two different sizes of on-screen keyboard and hardware keyboard input with the N810.[10]
Maemo 5 (Fremantle)
The user interface in Maemo 5 is different from its predecessors. It provides four fully customizable (with the ability to add/remove widgets, move widgets around, change the background and customize shortcuts to applications/contacts) "Home" screens,
Maemo provides the Mozilla-based MicroB web-browser with complete Adobe Flash support. It supports an 800×480 display resolution, so some web pages can be viewed without horizontal scrolling. It can automatically connect to known wireless networks, download RSS feeds and email and disconnect automatically without user intervention.[15]
Advanced Packaging Tool with a command-line apt-get client can be used to install applications. Users can subscribe to different
A new update (Version 21.2011.38-1.002) was released onto the Nokia N900 on 2 November 2011
Further development of Maemo 5 happens as a community effort in Maemo-CSSU.[17]
Features
Updating
Maemo devices can be updated using a simple flashing method with a computer over USB.
Since Diablo (Maemo 4.1), Maemo supports "Seamless Software Update" (SSU), which allows incremental operating system upgrades "over the air" using the
Flashing remains available as a way to start over from scratch with a clean installation (much like formatting a hard drive and reinstalling an operating system on a PC).[19]
Security
The quick start guide for developers warns that Maemo security concentrates on preventing remote attacks (e.g. by
Maemo employs a numeric security code as a way to lock the device's controls and display independently of the root password, to help prevent unauthorised access.[21]
Software architecture
Maemo is a modified version of the
BusyBox, a software package for embedded and mobile devices, replaces the GNU Core Utilities used in Debian-proper to reduce memory usage and storage requirements (at the expense of some functionality).[24]
ESD is used as the primary sound server, and GStreamer is used by the shipped media player to play back sounds and movies. The formats supported by GStreamer can be extended by compiling GStreamer plugins in scratchbox (Maemo SDK), which was done, for example, to bring Ogg support to the platform,[25] as well as experimental features such as WebM and VP8 after they were announced by Google.[26] Third-party media players can access GStreamer directly or via "osso-media-server".[citation needed]
Window management is handled by the Matchbox window manager, which limits the screen to showing a single window at a time (Ubuntu Netbook Edition implements a similar system). This is to improve usability on a mobile device with a small screen.
Although Maemo is based on
Software
Maemo comes with a number of built-in applications, but additional applications can be installed from a number of sources, including various official and community
Notable third-party applications
Due in part to the
- Media players
- MPlayer
- Internet
- Firefox for mobile, Opera Mobile
- Office applications
- Abiword(word processing)
- Instant Messaging
- Pidgin
- VOIP
- Gizmo5, Skype
- Games
- Doom, Angry Birds
- Others
- VNC
- Fremantle Stars
- Applications developed by the community and supported by Nokia as Fremantle Stars will be part of Maemo 5.Fennec (web browser).[31]
- Debian
Media support
Other media types, such as the audio format .OGG, can be added with the use of community plug-ins.
- Video
- 3GP
- Audio/playlists
- MP2, AMR, AWB, M4A, WMA. OGG/Vorbis (requires addon package), M3U, PLS
- Image/Animation
- ICO
- Text/layout
- PDF, HTML.
Software development
Software can be developed in C using the Maemo SDK, Java (which is supported by the Jalimo JVM),[34] Python, Ruby, Mono, Vala, Perl and Pascal.
The Maemo SDK is based around the
As a new feature of the Maemo operating system, Maemo 5 offers the
The Nokia Developer Wiki community has articles about Qt development, and includes tutorials and articles about development for the Maemo operating system.
Hardware
The Maemo operating system is designed for
Nokia runs the Maemo operating system on the Nokia N900 and Nokia N9.[citation needed]
Version history
OS2005
Shipped with the
OS2006
On 16 May 2006, Nokia announced a new version of
Also included was the ability to support 2 GB RS-MMC cards (FAT formatted). The Linux kernel was upgraded to 2.6.16, with the associated patches for the OMAP platform included. This new version uses kernel preemption for improved interactivity.
OS2007
OS2007 was released and bundled with the
OS2008
OS2008 was released with the
Diablo
Diablo is the codename for the OS2008 Feature Upgrade (corresponding to Maemo 4.1),
SSU
SSU, in particular, is one of the most significant parts of the Diablo release, as it eliminates the flash-based upgrade system of previous Maemo releases which required the user to completely wipe their device with each upgrade. With SSU, the user can receive "over-the-air" updates. This also decouples bundled software updates from the major system updates, as was required with the flash-based method, so Nokia can release more frequent updates to individual packages than before.[50]
The first SSU update was pushed on 11 August 2008, and brought Diablo up to version 4.2008.30-2. The update primarily features MicroB, Modest, and connectivity framework updates as well as a number of other minor bugfixes.
Maemo 5
Maemo 5, also known as Fremantle,
Maemo 5 comes with new hardware, the
Unlike most smartphones, the end-user is able to gain
The Maemo 5 operating system comes preloaded with a variety of applications such as:
- Web
- Maemo Browser (Mozilla based web browser with Adobe Flash 9.4),[59] RSS reader
- Phone application
- VoIP
- Session Initiation Protocol, Skype[60]
- Conversations (IM chat and SMS, no MMS)[61]
- Media
- Camera, Photos, Media player
- Production
- Email, Calendar, PDF reader, Contacts
- GPS, Search an address or location, Plan routes)
- Utilities
- Clock, Notes, Calculator, Sketch
- System Tools
- File manager, Application manager for downloads, Widgets
- Games
- Bounce, Chess, Blocks, Marbles and Mahjong
Nokia expects the open source community to play a large part in the development of applications for Maemo 5.[62] For example, Nokia has launched a contest at the onedotzero festival in London called PUSH N900 aimed at designers, artists, hackers and modders. The contest invites participants "to connect the N900 to something you love."[63]
More than 1500 additional applications (mostly free to download and use) have been created by third-party developers.[64]
Maemo Leste
This section needs to be updated.(January 2020) |
ARM, ARM64, x86-64 | |
Kernel type | Monolithic (Linux) |
---|---|
Default user interface | Hildon |
Official website | maemo-leste |
Maemo Leste is an operating system currently in development. It is a modernised and liberated version of Maemo 5, rebased on top of Devuan with a mainline Linux kernel. aims to develop "An independent mobile operating system focused on trustworthiness."[65] The first operating system images were released in February 2018.[66] The latest release supports phone calls and SMS messages on a number of devices, including the Nokia N900 (some integration and bug fixes remain) and the Motorola Droid 4, as announced in the project's Five-year anniversary blog post.[67]
It is currently in a usable state with support for various targets such as the N900, Motorola Droid 4 and the PinePhone. Unlike other distributions, Maemo Leste targets devices where it can be used with upstream Linux kernels - to offer proper updates to both functionality and security. The operating system aims to be entirely open source, and even re-implements certain closed components that were present in Maemo Fremantle.
Maemo Leste is entirely community-developed, and its developers are active on #maemo-leste connect on the Libera Chat IRC network.
Hacker Editions
Nokia's release of the
Nokia followed the release of the N810 and OS2008 in November 2007 with the OS2008 Hacker Edition for the 770 on 14 February 2008, employing a similar method to the OS2007HE release to create a hybrid between OS2006 and OS2007. The Hacker Editions allow 770 users to access the latest Internet Tablet OS releases and third-party software, although due to the 770's hardware limitations and the increased CPU requirements of OS2008, performance is inferior to that of OS2007 HE in most areas.[70]
Alternative desktops
In addition to the officially supported Hildon environment that comes standard on the tablets, several alternate desktop systems are available. Penguinbait, a member of the Internet Tablet Talk community, has successfully ported
Derivatives
MeeGo
In the wake of the release of the MeeGo code base, there are two main community efforts to bring MeeGo to the current Maemo devices (N800, N810, and N900), as Nokia has launched the N9, which is powered by MeeGo. These efforts are the MeeGo adaptation for the N800 and N810 devices,[75][76] and the MeeGo to N900 project.[77]
Harmattan
Harmattan was originally planned as a transitional operating system developed by Nokia, meant to be a bridge between Nokia's Maemo and the MeeGo project. It is still using the APT package manager for applications, but the graphical user interface and major parts of the system were improved, rewritten from scratch or rebased on top of Meego frameworks. It is heavily using the
Mer
Mer is a completely
Qt
In January 2008, Nokia began the process of acquiring
Release history
Naming
Maemo codenames are named for winds. For example, the latest release, codenamed "Fremantle", is a reference to the Fremantle Doctor, the Western Australian vernacular term for the cooling afternoon sea breeze which occurs during summer months in south west coastal areas of Western Australia.
Version | Codename | Build identifier | Release date | First device shipped with | Notes | Devices Supported | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OS2005 | 1.1 | - | 2.2005.45-1 | November 2005 | 770 | 770 | |
3.2005.51-13 | December 2005 | 770 | |||||
5.2006.13-7 | April 2006 | 770 | |||||
OS2006 | 2.0 | Mistral | 0.2006.22-21 | May 2006 | Beta release | 770 | |
1.2006.26-8 | May 2006 | 770 | |||||
2.1 | Scirocco | 2.2006.39-14 | November 2006 | 770 | |||
2.2 | Gregale | 3.2006.49-2 | January 2007 | 770 | 770 | ||
OS2007 | 3.0 | Bora | 2.2006.51-6 | January 2007 | N800 | 770*, N800 | |
3.1 | 3.2007.10-7 | March 2007 | 770*, N800 | ||||
3.2 | 4.2007.26-8 | July 2007 | 770*, N800 | ||||
4.2007.38-2 | October 2007 | SDHC corruption fix | 770*, N800 | ||||
OS2008 | 4.0 | Chinook | 1.2007.42-18 | November 2007 | N810 | (N810 only) | N810 |
1.2007.42-19 | November 2007 | Kernel upgrade only (N810 only) | N810 | ||||
1.2007.44-4 | November 2007 | Beta release (N800 only) | N800 | ||||
2.2007.50-2 | November 2007 | 770*, N800, N810 | |||||
2.2007.51-3 | January 2008 | NOLO (Nokia bootloader) upgrade only | 770*, N800, N810 | ||||
4.1 | Diablo | 4.2008.23-14 | June 2008 | Adds SSU (Seamless Software Update) support | N800, N810 | ||
4.2008.30-2 | August 2008 | First SSU update | N800, N810 | ||||
4.2008.36-5 | September 2008 | N800, N810 | |||||
5.2008.43-7 | December 2008 | N800, N810 | |||||
Maemo 5 | 5.0 | Fremantle | 1.2009.42-11 | November 2009 | N900 | Bundled officially supported Qt libraries (PR1.2), emphasis on finger use rather than stylus use | N900 |
1.2009.44-1 | January 2010 | Preparatory release for the 2.2009.51-1 firmware, released only OTA (Over-the-air) to 1.2009.42-11 users | N900 | ||||
2.2009.51-1 | January 2010 | Also known as PR1.1.[86] | N900 | ||||
3.2010.02-8 | February 2010 | Preparatory release for the PR1.2 firmware. Also known as PR1.1.1.[87] | N900 | ||||
10.2010.12-9 | May 2010 | PR1.2, Hong Kong only, with Chinese input methods,[88] with Chinese input support.[89] | N900 | ||||
10.2010.19-1 | May 2010 | PR1.2, Skype and Google video calls, Facebook IM chat, improved Maps, portrait browsing, improved email, Qt 4.6 enabling new applications[89] | N900 | ||||
20.2010.36-2 | 25 October 2010 | PR1.3, Qt 4.7.0, full OVI-Suite support, updated kernel with kexec patches for MeeGo, bug fixes. | N900 | ||||
21.2011.38-1 | 26 October 2011 | PR1.3.1, Fixes DigiNotar issue and control panel applet security issue | N900 | ||||
MeeGo | 1.0 | Arlington | 1.0 | 26 May 2010 | Primarily a Netbook release; only a code drop was released for mobile devices (the Nokia N900). | N900, etc. | |
1.1 | Irvine | 1.1 | 28 October 2010 | Touch-based devices support proposed with the Handset UX[90] | Aava and Nokia N900 | ||
1.2 | Harmattan | 1.2011.34-2 | 19 May 2011 | N950 | Bundled officially supported Qt libraries, begins the transition to MeeGo, includes MeeGo libraries but core system is Maemo. | N9, N950 |
*: Hacker Editions, Nokia-released, but community-maintained. Primarily used by developers to continue developing programs while using older hardware.
Maemo Summit
In 2008 and 2009, Maemo developers and users gathered at the Maemo Summit, the registration for which was free. Each participant got a badge and a Maemo T-shirt.
The 2009 Maemo Summit was held in Amsterdam on 9 October.[91] The first day was the Nokia day, with the other two days dedicated to community contributions. Nearly 400 developers attended the summit. Nokia gave out 300 N900 devices to independent developers during the summit.
The 2009 Maemo Summit was also the last Maemo Summit since MeeGo was launched. The event was replaced by the MeeGo Conference.
See also
- Easy Peasy
- Hildon
- Series 90 (software platform)
- Jolla
- MeeGo
- oFono
- Symbian
- Tizen
- Ubuntu Mobile
- Nokia N900
- Nokia N950
- Sailfish OS
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{{cite web}}
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External links
- Official website
- Maemo Leste at Maemo.org and GitHub (the successor of Maemo Fremantle)