Magnus Olsen

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For those of a similar name, see Magnus Olsson (disambiguation).

Magnus Olsen
Born(1878-11-28)28 November 1878
Arendal, Norway
Died16 January 1963(1963-01-16) (aged 84)
Oslo, Norway
Spouse
Gjertrud Mathilde Kjær
​
​
(after 1912)​
Awards
Academic background
Royal Frederick University
Academic advisors
Academic work
Discipline
Old Norse philology
InstitutionsRoyal Frederick University
Notable studentsDidrik Arup Seip
Main interests
Notable works
  • Hedenske Kultminder i Norske Stedsnavne (1915)
  • Ættegård og Helligdom (1926)
Influenced

Magnus Bernhard Olsen (28 November 1878 – 16 January 1963) was a Norwegian

Old Norse studies
.

Born and raised in

Kristiania, where he became a protége of Sophus Bugge. After Bugge's death, Olsen succeeded him in 1908 as Professor of Old Norwegian and Icelandic Literature at Royal Frederick University. In this capacity, Olsen taught generations of Norwegian academics and teachers. His field of research centered on runology and Old Norse toponymy. Olsen was particularly interested in using evidence from runes and toponymy for the study of Old Norse religion. Olsen published a number of works on these subjects, which have been highly influential. He also edited a number of works, including the journal Maal og Minne
, which he founded.

During the

Skaldic poetry
, on which he authored a number of influential works. He is widely considered the foremost Norwegian philologist of his time.

Early life and education

Magnus Olsen was born in

Kristiania, where he took courses in Latin, Greek, German and Norwegian.[1]

From 1899, Olsen worked as a

cand.philol. degree at the head of his class in 1903.[1]

Kristiania
.

Early career

Upon graduating, Olsen was employed as a researcher at his university, where he became involved in the teaching of students.[3] In 1905–1906 he was in Copenhagen working on the publication of a critical edition of the Vǫlsunga saga and Ragnars saga loðbrókar.[2]

After Bugge's death, Olsen succeeded him in 1908 as Professor of

fatherland.[1] Olsen ensured that students of high ability had their works published,[3] and that a fund was established to make help students from poor families gain a university education. He supervised the education of generations of Norwegian academics and teachers,[3] and together with scholars such as Carl Marstrander, Olsen developed Royal Frederick University into one of the world's leading institutions on Germanic philology. Among the students who took courses under Olsen was Lee M. Hollander.[4]

In 1909, Olsen founded the journal Maal og Minne, which he personally edited for forty years. The first issue included his inaugural lecture on the Skírnismál, in which he presented parallels between Njörðr of Norse mythology and Nerthus mentioned by Tacitus.[2] Olsen married Gjertrud Mathilde Kjær, daughter of university librarian Albert Kjær [no] (1852–1941) and Johanne Marie Torp (1863–1948), on 28 June 1912. In 1911, he became a corresponding member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities.[5] From 1914 to 1956, Olsen was the editor of Bidrag til nordisk filologi. Between 1910 and 1924, he authored three volumes of the monumental Norske Gaardnavne, which examined the toponymy of Norwegian farms.[1] The third volume was authored together with Just Knud Qvigstad.[6] Olsen eventually assumed responsibility for the publication of this series, and had assisted its prior publisher Oluf Rygh.[6] Two of his best known publications are Hedenske kultminder i norske stedsnavne (1915) and Ættegård og helligdom (1926), which used toponymic evidence to examine Old Norse religion; these pioneering works made significant contributions to its scholarship.[1] Notably, the evidence presented by Olsen showed that the Norse gods were venerated not only as creatures from another world, but as powers intertwined with the environment of the people. His Ættegård og helligdom was eventually translated into English and published under the title Farms and Fanes of Ancient Norway (1928).[2] Gabriel Turville-Petre mentions Olsen along with Georges Dumézil and Jan de Vries as one of the most influential scholars on Old Norse religion. Olsen's research on Scandinavian place names were instrumental in restoring confidence in Icelandic literature as a useful source of information on Old Norse religion.[7]

The Tjängvide image stone depicts the Old Norse god Odin entering Valhalla on his horse Sleipnir. Old Norse religion and runology was of particular interest to Olsen's research.

Olsen's research on runology was significant. He succeeded Bugge as the publisher of Norges innskrifter med de ældre runer volumes (Norwegian Runic Inscriptions in the Older Runes), which examined Elder Futhark inscriptions in Norway. By 1924, it had been published in five volumes. Between 1941 and 1960, he published his subsequent Norges innskrifter med de yngre runer (Norwegian Inscriptions in the younger Runes) in five volumes. This work examined Younger Futhark inscriptions in Norway. Vols. 3–5 were published in cooperation with Aslak Liestøl [no].[2] Olsen was convinced that runes were not merely used as an instrument for communication, but were also believed to have magical purposes.[1]

World War II

During the German occupation of Norway in World War II, Olsen distinguished himself as a fierce opponent of Nazism, and was close to the resistance movement at the University. He was among the professors at the University of Oslo who on 15 May 1941 issued a public denunciation of the crimes of Josef Terboven against the Norwegian people.[3] Upon the arrest of Francis Bull by the German authorities, Olsen replaced him as acting dean at the University of Oslo.[1] On 15 October 1943, he was arrested by the German occupation authorities and interned at Bredtveit internment camp. He was however quickly released, and continued his involvement with the resistance.[3]

Later career

Olsen retired from his professorship upon reaching the age limit in 1948, but continued to research and write.[6] He was appointed a Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1945. He was also a recipient of the Grand Knight's Cross of the Order of the Falcon and the Knight of the Order of the Polar Star, and a recipient of honorary doctorates from several universities. Olsen was a member of a large number of scholarly societies, including the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1904) and the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters, and a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities.[1][2]

During his last years, Olsen made important contributions to the field of

Skaldic poetry. It contributed to the development of a relative chronology for these works.[2] Throughout his career, he authored hundreds of scholarly books and articles. He died in Oslo, Norway on 16 January 1963.[1]

Selected publications

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Rindal, Magnus (13 February 2009). "Magnus Olsen". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  2. ^
    ISBN 3-11-017351-4
    .
  3. ^ a b c d e f Seip, Didrik Arup (18 January 1963). "Magnus Olsen død" [Magnus Olsen is dead]. Aftenposten. p. 3.
  4. ^ Schulz-Berend, George; Lehmann, Winfred P.; Miller, David L.; Wilson, A. Leslie (1976). "In Memoriam: Lee M. Hollander" (PDF). University of Texas at Austin. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2003. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  5. ^ Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Vol. 20: Norrsken-Paprocki. 1914. p. 649. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  6. ^ a b c "Magnus Olsen". Great Norwegian Encyclopedia. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  7. ISBN 0837174201
    .

Further reading
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