Maha Thammaracha (king of Ayutthaya)
Maha Thammaracha มหาธรรมราชา | |
---|---|
King of Ayutthaya | |
Sukhothai dynasty |
Maha Thammaracha (
A Sukhothai noble
Though the
Khun Phirenthorathep was one of the Sukhothai nobles brought to the court of Ayutthaya by Chairacha. In 1548, the kingdom fell under the governance of
In gratitude for putting him on the throne, Maha Chakkraphat made Khun Phirenthorathep ruler of Phitsanulok and conferred him the semiroyal title of Maha Thammaracha. This was in line with the reigning name of Sukhothai kings in the 14th century. Maha Thammaracha enjoyed a great power and may be referred to as a viceroy of the northern provinces.[5] He married Maha Chakkraphat's daughter, Sawatdirat (later Queen Wisutkasat).[6]: 73
Viceroy of Phitsanulok
In 1548, King
In 1563, Tabinshwehti's successor, Bayinnaung, led the massive Burmese armies to invade Siam. He laid siege on Phitsanulok. Maha Thammarachathirat offered "stout resistance", but surrendered and submitted after all food was gone and a smallpox epidemic spread.[6]: 36 He submitted to Bayinnaung on 2 January 1564.[note 1]
Maha Thammarachathirat had to send his sons Naresuan and Ekathotsarot to Pegu as a captives. With his son in Burmese captivity, Maha Thammarachathirat was forced to ally himself with Bayinnaung.[6]: 67
In 1568,
King of Ayutthaya
Maha Thammarachathirat asked Bayinnaung to return his sons Naresuan and Ekathotsarot to Ayutthaya in exchange for his daughter Suphankanlaya as Bayinnaung's secondary wife in 1571. Maha Thammarachathirat made Naresuan the King of Phitsanulok and Uparaja in 1569. Ayutthaya kingdom under Maha Thammarachathirat was tributary to Burma.
Cambodian invasions
In 1570,
In 1578, the Cambodians invaded
Break from Pegu
In 1581, Bayinnaung died, succeeded by his son Nanda Bayin. In 1583, the Lord of Ava and the Shans staged a rebellion against Pegu. Nanda Bayin then requested for troops from Ayutthaya. The Siamese armies went slowly to Ava under leadership of Naresuan. Naresuan then renounced loyalty to Pegu in 1584.
In 1584, Nanda Bayin himself led the Peguan armies into Siam but was defeated by Naresuan.[7] For many years the Burmese armies surged into Ayutthaya but was repelled. Maha Thammarachathirat died c. 30 June 1590.[note 3] He was succeeded by Naresuan.
Notes
- ^ (Damrong 2001: 36): Sunday, 5th waning of the second Siamese month in the year of the pig: i.e. Sunday, 5th waning of Pausha 925 CS = Sunday, 2 January 1564
- ^ Date per Burmese chronicles (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 324) and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 419): 5th waning of Thadingyut 931 ME (29 September 1569). (Damrong 2001: 63) says he became king on Friday, 6th waxing of the 12th Siamese month of 931 CS, which translates to 14 October 1569. However, according to the Burmese chronicles, Friday, 6th waxing of Tazaungmon 931 ME (14 October 1569) was the date on which Bayinnaung left Ayutthaya for Phitsanulok to begin the Lan Xang campaign.
- ^ (Damrong 2001: 116): Naresuan became king on Sunday, the 13th waning of the eighth Siamese month [Ashadha] of the year of the tiger, 952 CS, which translates to Saturday, 30 June 1590. Maha Thammarachathirat might have died on 30 June 1590 and Naresuan became king the next day, on Sunday, 1 July 1590.
References
- ^ Chris Baker; Pasuk Phongpaichit (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. pp. 75–76.
- ISBN 9786169235101.
- ^ a b ประวัติศาสตร์ สุริโยไท บทสนทนาอันไม่รู้จบระหว่างปัจจุบันกับอดีต
- ^ a b Chula Chakrabongse (1960). Lords of Life. London: Alvin Redman.
- ^ David K. Wyatt (2004). Thailand: A Short History (Second ed.). Silkworm Book. p. 81.
- ^ ISBN 9747534584.
- ^ Myanmar History - King Nanda
Bibliography
- ISBN 974-7534-58-4.
- U Kala (1724). Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2006, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
- Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.