Maiuma (city)
Maiuma | |
---|---|
Place | |
Location of Maiuma within Palestine | |
Coordinates: 31°31′N 34°27′E / 31.517°N 34.450°E | |
State | State of Palestine |
Founded | 1st century BCE |
Maiuma (also Maiumas or Maiouma, Maioumas) is one of the names of the main ancient port of Gaza, at times functioning as a separate city; the other ancient port of Gaza was Anthedon.[1][2] Its remains are situated at present-day Rimal near Gaza City in the Gaza Strip.
History
A "harbour of Gaza" is first documented in one of the
In antiquity, Maiuma was one of the two
Nabataeans and Hasmoneans
The port of Gaza was at the end of the
Roman and Byzantine periods
Maiuma was rebuilt after it was incorporated into the
During the reign of Constantine the Great, who granted Maiuma the status of a separate city, it received the name Konstanteia after the emperor's sister (or son).[12] It has been suggested that Maiuma's residents "collectively opted to convert to Christianity"[13] or that it made some sort of public declaration of its Christianity.[11]
Under
Christianity in Maiuma
Maiuma seems to have been an early center of the spread of Christianity, which may explain the treatment of its status by Constantine and Julian. Its population was said to have been largely Egyptian in origin.
The city was famous for the fact that the tomb of a Saint Victor was located there; he had been an Egyptian martyr,[19] but more about his identity is unknown.[21][clarification needed][22]
Bishops of Maiuma
Constantine offered Christian Maiuma independence from pagan Gaza, Julian the Apostate reverted the administrative move, but after his reign Constantine's arrangement was restored, Maiuma eventually becoming the seat of an independent bishop[19] (please mind that the first bishops of Gaza, not Maiuma, also resided at Maiuma).[19] An incomplete list of bishops of Maiuma includes:
- Zenon, a monk who became the first known bishop of Maiuma, between the late 4th and the early 5th century[19] (Trombley offers 395-400[20][dubious – discuss]).
- Paulianus or Paulinianus, participant in the First Council of Ephesus of 431[19]
- Paul, nephew of Juvenal, archbishop of Jerusalem, attendee at the Second Council of Ephesus of 449[19]
- Monophysite, had lived for several years at the monastery between Maiuma and Gaza, being dedicated to monastic life, but in 452, during the anti-Chalcedonian revolt in Palestine, the Christians of Maiuma had him ordained bishop by force.[19][24] He remained nominally bishop for the rest of his life, he however only stayed in Maiuma until 453, when he was expelled from the city.[19][24]
- John Rufus, possibly Peter's successor and fellow Monophysite;[19] according to his own claim in the title of his work, the Plerophoriae, but there is no other source to support it.[24] He may have been consecrated bishop of Maiuma by the anti-Chalcedonians after the death of Peter the Iberian in 491.[24]
- Procopius, chronologically the last known bishop of Maiuma, has participated in the Synod of Jerusalem of 581[19][dubious – discuss]
According to other sources, there is another bishop of Maiuma we know of:
- St Cosmas of Maiuma (d. 773 or 794), appointed bishop of Maiuma in 743.[25]
Remains of Maiuma
Maiuma is identified with al-Mina, about 4 kilometers from Gaza towards the sea. Remarkable archaeological findings from the site include the mosaic floor of the
See also
- Maiuma disambiguation page
References
- ^ ISBN 9781405179355. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
During antiquity, Gaza was prosperous. Located at the point of arrival of caravans from the Arabian Peninsula and Arabian Gulf and connected with the Mediterranean Sea by two ports, Anthedon and Maiuma, the city was an important commercial center, which played a particularly significant role in the incense trade.
- ^ ISBN 0-8264-1316-1.
- ^ "From Philotas to Zenon (258) [Payrus No. 59804]". Zenon Papyri (PDF). Vol. V. Translated by Campbell Cowan Edgar. Cairo. 1940. p. 4. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Also online here at attalus.org. - ^ E. g. Strabo, Geography, 16. 2. 21
- ^ ISBN 0691009686. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
- ^ Cart. Mad. 114
- ^ Hecht Museum Archived 2018-11-20 at the Wayback Machine The Nabateans in the Negev Curator: Renate Rosenthal-Haginbottom
- ^ Israeli MFA
- ISBN 0-8028-6285-3, pp 117-133
- ^ "Gaza - (Gaza, al -'Azzah)". Studium Biblicum Franciscanum - Jerusalem. 2000-12-19. Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
- ^ ISBN 9780812292237. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- Sozomenus, Ecclesiastical History, 5. 3
- ISBN 978-0-19-928417-7.
- ^ ISBN 9004138684. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- Sozomenus, Ecclesiastical History, 5. 3; 7. 28
- ISBN 1-900269-03-1p 9
- ISBN 0-674-51173-5p. 553
- Marcus Diaconus, Life of St. Porphyrius, p. 49, 5. 11 ff
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Discussion: Ascalon, Gaza, Negev and Sinai. 124. Maiumas, which is also Neapolis - (al-Minah)". Madaba Map Centennary page at the Franciscan Christus Rex webpage. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2024. Homepage with index: here.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-27677-2. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
- Antoninus Placentinus33; Cart. Mad. 125
- ISBN 978-0-19-927753-7.
- ISBN 9789004138681. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ ISBN 9789004138681. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Wellesz, E. (1967). "Byzantine Music and Liturgy". In J.M. Hussey; D.M. Nicol; G. Cowan (eds.). The Cambridge Medieval History: The Byzantine Empire, Part II. Vol. IV. Cambridge University Press. p. 149.
Sources
- Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft, Band XIV, Halbband 27, Lysimachos-Mantike (1928), s. 610.