Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha

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This article is about the governor of Egypt in 1604. For the earlier governor of Egypt named Ibrahim Pasha, also known by the epithet Maktul ("the Slain"), see Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha. For other people, see Ibrahim Pasha (disambiguation).
In this Ottoman Turkish style name, the given name is Ibrahim, the title is Pasha, and there is no family name.

Ibrahim Pasha (also known as Hacı Ibrahim Pasha or Maktul Ibrahim Pasha or among his Arab subjects as Ibrahim Pasha al-Maqtul,

defterdar
(finance minister) of the Ottoman Empire four times (1582–83, 1587–88, 1593–94, 1596).

Background

Ibrahim Pasha appears to have lived in

defterdar of the empire and governor of Egypt.[4]

Tenure as the governor of Egypt

In 1604, sultan

Egypt Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire
. His office's title was beylerbey, while governors of a province in general was referred to as a wāli.

Since the

Ottoman conquest of Egypt and their subjugation in 1517, Mamluks in Egypt had been silently pushing for more influence in Egypt; they often attempted this by trying to influence the garrisoned Ottoman soldiers over the Ottoman governor.[2] After Ibrahim Pasha was appointed governor in 1604, he began to enforce more stringent rules for the soldiers, especially those from the sipahi corps (an elite cavalry corps of the Ottoman Army),[2] putting some of them to death.[5] Allegedly, Ibrahim Pasha had one such soldier from the fellah (Arabic-speaking) class of the local Mamluk populace put to death by hanging and had his body draped in a sirwal (Arabic baggy trousers), which was something both the local sepahis and the Mamluks wore, in order to send a message of his distaste for both groups; furthermore, the body was then allegedly placed in a jar to symbolize the slave class the two groups belonged to.[5]

Another source states that tensions rose when Ibrahim Pasha refused to pay a briberous "accession tax" to the local sepahis for coming into the office of the governor of Egypt.[6] Sipahis, in further corruption, self-enacted an illegal tax known as the tulba on the people of the Egyptian countryside, claiming that the tax was for "facilitating police duties."[7] When Ibrahim Pasha cracked down on this practice and refused to buy into the system, tensions between Ibrahim Pasha, the sipahis, the Mamluks, and the general army grew to enormous levels.

Murder

Tensions came to a head on 24 September 1604, only a few months after Ibrahim Pasha had assumed office.

Bulaq district of the city.[2][7] Around this time, a number of soldiers in his army gathered at the City of the Dead necropolis and took an oath on the saints' tombs to assassinate the pasha.[2][7]

Although warned of the rebels' intentions, Ibrahim Pasha refused to move away or escape from the project to which he was attending.[2] In the presence of several beys and military officials standing by, 15 rebel cavalry soldiers approached Ibrahim Pasha and killed him with their swords.[2][8] Ibrahim Pasha thus became the first governor of the Ottoman Empire to be killed by his own troops,[1] earning the posthumous epithet Maktul, meaning "the Slain".[2]

After murdering the pasha, the rebel soldiers displayed his and some of his men's heads publicly, parading them through the streets and then placing them on the gate of

kadı (judge) in the eyalet became acting governor until the sultan could appoint a new one.[8]

Legacy

Ibrahim Pasha's death caused a period of instability and distress in Egypt, and stability was only restored around 7 or 8 years later when the governor

Kara Mehmed Pasha finally crushed the rebellion, earning his epithet Kul Kıran ("the Slavebreaker").[2]

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0-203-16923-0
    .
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-90-04-19435-9
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-203-16923-0
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-203-16923-0
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-0-203-16923-0
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-521-47211-1
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-521-47211-1
    .
  8. ^
    ISBN 978-0-521-47211-1
    .
Political offices
Preceded by
Defterdar

1582–1583 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Defterdar

1587–1588 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Defterdar

1593–94 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Defterdar

1596 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Ottoman Governor of Egypt

1604 		Succeeded by
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