Mark Comfort
Mark Comfort | |
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Black Power Movement |
Mark Everett Comfort (February 6, 1934 – November 6, 1976) was a community activist who worked in early
He helped in the
Mark Comfort married a white woman, Gloria Black (Oakland, California, July 16, 1937 – Klamath Falls, Oregon, October 11, 2010), on March 27, 1953, in Oakland. Mark's wife was once blocked from entering a Black Panther Party (BPP) office by a Panther member. Bobby Seale, BPP co-founder, told that member, "Are you stupid? Let her into that office." Seale felt that If Mark was a Panther, so was his wife. It didn't matter what race she was.[4]
In 1966, the Parents Association for Better Schools was formed by Mark, his wife Gloria and members of the ODAC to press for free school lunches for needy children in the Oakland Public Schools. This project was successful, and later became the Ad Hoc Committee for Better Schools, which then worked with the Oakland School District in an effort to improve the quality of education offered to all children in the district.[6]
In 1966, Mark Comfort was a candidate for the State Assembly and finished 4th in a field of nine in a campaign run almost entirely without funds.[6]
The ODAC and BPP worked together and would follow police after blacks were arrested and follow them to the police station and would often bail them out as well.[citation needed]
In 1967, a black man, Denzil Dowell, was shot by a
In spring 1967, Comfort, as the head of the ODAC, joined the BPP in a so-called "invasion" of the
The Mandate read:
The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense calls upon the American people in general and the Black People in particular to take careful note of the racist California Legislature now considering legislation aiming at keeping black people disarmed and powerless at the very time that racist police agencies throughout the country intensify the terror, brutality, murder and repression of Black People. As the aggression of the racist American Government escalates in Vietnam, the police agencies of America escalate the repression of Black People throughout the ghettos of America. Vicious police dogs, cattle prods, and increased patrols have become familiar sights in Black communities ... The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense believes that the time has come for Black people to arm themselves against this terror before it's too late.
The group surrendered their weapons and were arrested. At Bobby Seale's request, Mark Comfort was the last person to surrender his weapon.[7] Seale was charged with possession of a concealed weapon and the others were detained under an obscure law that made it illegal to disrupt state assembly proceedings. This event brought the group into the national spotlight turning the group into a national phenomenon.[citation needed] This sparked interest in the BPP increasing membership across the nation. In July 1967, after the raid, the assembly passed the Mulford Act prohibiting the public carrying of loaded firearms. This forced the BPP to disarm and disband its "police patrols".[1]
Mark Comfort was also arrested in 1967 along with Newton and Seale following a picket of The Oakland Tribune. They and members of their party were arrested on a Sacramento street for "being a public nuisance." They were defended by Beverly Axelrod, a Sacramento attorney.[9] Comfort was sentenced to six months in jail and served only 44 days in the Santa Rita Prison Farm after Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas gave him a stay of sentence.[10]
While in prison, he released the Vietnam War song "Damn Vietnam" on 7" vinyl, in the blues music genre, to raise money to pay for bail. A copy of the record is located in the Vietnam War Song Project archive.[11] According to the Vietnam War Song Project, Black Panther magazine, Panther Ambush published an advert of the record, writing "Above is jacket of Mark Comfort's latest 45 (not pistol) record on sale locally at Shakespeare's. It was issues frankly to raise bail for Mark. That's a good cause".
References
- ^ ISBN 9780807895856. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ISBN 978-1-61075-444-6.
- ISBN 9781557288271. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
- ^ ISBN 9780816677863. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ "Spider Interviews Mark Comfort". Spider Magazine. Vol. 1, no. V. Calisphere, University of California. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ a b farmworkermovement.org. "Oakland Direct Action Committee" (PDF). farmworkermovement.org. p. 1. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ ISBN 0815337663. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ISBN 093312130X. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ "The Big Story". AP. 1967. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ The Movement (December 1966). "The Movement" (PDF). The Movement Vol.2 No. 11 (from farmworkermovement.org). Retrieved 1 August 2012.
- ^ Brummer, Justin. "Vietnam War: Blues songs". RYM. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
External links
- FBI Docs Mark Comfort FBI Documents and FBI File Inventory