White Panther Party

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"White Panther" redirects here. For the animal, see White panther.

White Panther Party

The White Panthers were an

white supremacist group, responding to such claims with "quite the contrary." The party worked with many ethnic minority rights groups in the Rainbow Coalition
.

Michigan years

The group was most active in Detroit and

Woodstock Nation, and John Sinclair often referred to himself as a Yippie as well.[2][3]

The group emerged from the Detroit Artists Workshop, a radical arts collective founded in 1964 near

12th Street Riot
was justifiable under political and economic conditions in Detroit.

Plamondon was indicted with John Sinclair in connection to the bombing of a

Crisler Arena
.

Legal reforms

The group had a direct role in two important legal decisions. A landmark

U.S. vs. U.S. District Court (Plamondon et al.), 407 U.S. 297, commonly known as the Keith Case, held that the Fourth Amendment shielded private speech from surveillance unless a warrant had been granted, and that the "warrant procedure would not frustrate the legitimate purposes of domestic security searches." The judgment freed Plamondon, yet John Sinclair was free only on bond fighting his possession conviction. In 1972, the Michigan Supreme Court ruled in the People v. Sinclair, 387 Mich. 91, 194 N.W.2d 878 (1972) that Michigan's classification of marijuana was unconstitutional, in effect decriminalizing possession until a new law conforming to the ruling was passed by the Michigan Legislature
a week later. Sinclair was freed but the cumulative effects of the imprisonment had marked the end of the White Panther Party in Michigan, which renamed itself the Rainbow People's Party while John Sinclair and Plamondon were in prison. The Rainbow People's Party, headquartered in Ann Arbor, disbanded in 1973.

Portland

The headquarters of the White Panthers in

Selective Service
office.

San Francisco

White Panther Party

Food Conspiracy'[11] that provided groceries to about 5,000 Bay Area residents at low cost, due to bulk buying and minimum markup.[20] The White Panthers held People's Ballroom in the Park concerts in Golden Gate Park.[21][22][23][24][25][26] In 1983, angry[27][28] because then-Mayor of San Francisco Dianne Feinstein proposed to ban handguns in the city, the San Francisco White Panthers mounted a successful petition drive that forced Feinstein[29][30] into a recall election,[31] which she won with about 82% of the vote.[32]

United Kingdom

Author and anarchist

United Kingdom Underground, later founded the White Panthers UK, which was one of the organizations involved in the tearing down of the outer walls surrounding Isle of Wight Festival 1970.[33]

White Panther Statement

In November 1968, Fifth Estate published the "White Panther State/meant". This manifesto, emulating the Black Panthers, ended with a ten-point program:

  1. We want freedom. We want the power for all people to determine our own destinies.
  2. We want justice. We want an immediate and total end to all cultural and political repression of the people by the vicious pig power structure and their mad dog lackies the police, courts and military. We want the end of all police and military violence against the people all over the world right now!
  3. We want a free world economy based on the free exchange of energy and materials and the end of money.
  4. We want free access to all information media and to all technology for all the people.
  5. We want a free educational system, utilizing the best procedures and machinery our modern technology can produce, that will teach each man, woman and child on earth exactly what each needs to know to survive and grow into his or her full human potential.
  6. We want to free all structures from corporate rule and turn the buildings over to the people at once!
  7. We want free time and space for all humans—dissolve all unnatural boundaries!
  8. We want the freedom of all prisoners held in federal, state, county or city jails and prisons since the so-called legal system in America makes it impossible for any man to obtain a fair and impartial trial by a jury of his peers.
  9. We want the freedom of all people who are held against their will in the conscripted armies of the oppressors throughout the world.
  10. We want free land, free food, free shelter, free clothing, free music, free medical care, free education, free media, EVERYTHING FREE FOR EVERYBODY![34]

The ten-point program and "White Panther State/meant" were also published in the Ann Arbor Sun, which was a newspaper founded by John Sinclair in November 1968. The newspaper was originally called the Detroit Warren-Forrest Sun before it was changed to the Ann Arbor Sun when Trans-Love Energies moved to Ann Arbor in 1968.[35] The organization, founded by John Sinclair, his wife Leni Arndt Sinclair and artist Gary Grimshaw in 1967, set up shop at 1510 and 1520 Hill St, where the Ann Arbor Sun was produced and edited by the members of the group.[36] On July 28, 1969, the Ann Arbor Sun printed a revised copy of the White Panther's ten-point program.[34]

The newspaper was considered to be the mouthpiece for the White Panther Party for quite some time before the newspaper transitioned to an independent publication spreading views on local issues, left-wing politics, music, and arts.[35] Finally in 1976, the publication of the Ann Arbor Sun was suspended indefinitely.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Kaya Burgess (January 21, 2009). "Obama's inauguration hailed by White Panther founder John Sinclair". The Times. London. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  2. ^ O'Hagan, Sean (March 3, 2014). "John Sinclair: 'We wanted to kick ass – and raise consciousness'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
  3. ^ Tracey, Patrick (March 31, 2000). "Yippie Yi Yay". Washington City Paper. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  4. ^ Zbrozek, C (October 24, 2006). "The bombing of the A2 CIA office". Michigan Daily. Archived from the original on April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  5. ^ Salpukas, Agis (January 17, 1971). "DETROIT RADICALS FACE BOMB TRIAL; Defense Challenges Jury System and Wiretapping". New York Times. Archived from the original on August 31, 2017. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  6. ^ "Tom Miller papers, 1852-2003 (Bulk 1950-2003)". azarchivesonline.org. Archived from the original on August 31, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  7. ^ bibliopolis.com. "Touch, White Panther Intercommunal News Service, issue V. by White Panther Party". Bolerium Books. Archived from the original on August 31, 2018. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  8. ^ "The Jackson sun". Worldcat.org. Archived from the original on November 24, 2022. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  9. ^ "Freedom Archives". freedomarchives.org. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  10. ^ "Touch" (PDF). Itsabouttimebpp.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  11. ^
    ISBN 9781604865820. Retrieved April 10, 2017 – via Google Books.[permanent dead link
    ]
  12. ^ Johnson, Art (April 3–16, 1969). "MC-5 in San Francisco - 1969". Fifth Estate. No. 76. Archived from the original on September 3, 2023. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  13. ISBN 9780520914902. Archived
    from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2017 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ White Panthers of Marin, who run one of Marin's food conspiracies from the big, rambling old house they occupy in Corte Madera
  15. ^ "Daily Independent Journal from San Rafael, California on July 16, 1971 · Page 23". newspapers.com. July 16, 1971. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  16. ^ "San Francisco Crusader" (PDF). Digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  17. ^ "Berkeley Barb November 13-19, 1970 — Independent Voices". revealdigital.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  18. ^ "Chapter 21 – June 1980, Measure D, Rent Control Round 4". berkeleycitizensaction.org. October 2, 2015. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  19. ^ "The June 1980 Election - Rent Control on the Brink of Extinction or Expansion". Berkeleyinthe70s.homestead.com. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
  20. ^ Curl, John. "S.F.Collectivity". Red-coral.net. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  21. ^ "2010.54.17304 | OMCA COLLECTIONS". Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  22. ^ "2010.54.17307 | OMCA COLLECTIONS". Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  23. ^ "San Francisco Examiner - Aug 1, 1974 - Communication from People's Ballroom in the Park, requesting hearings to consider revision of the noise ordinance. File No. 413-74. FILED". July 26, 1974. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  24. ^ "Paul Kantner - A memory". Djpreskool.com. January 29, 2016. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  25. ^ Jgmf (July 26, 2015). "Jerry Garcia's Middle Finger: JGMS Marx Meadows video". Jgmf.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  26. ^ "Berkeley Barb Sept. 27-Oct. 3, 1974 — Independent Voices". Revealdigital.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  27. ^ "STEVENS v. RIFKIN - 608 F.Supp. 710 (1984) - upp71011212". Leagle.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  28. ^ "White Panthers discuss threats against them - San Francisco Bay Area Television Archive". sfsu.edu. Archived from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  29. ^ Macdonald, Katharine (April 27, 1983). "Mayor Feinstein Easily Defeats Recall Attempt". Washingtonpost.com. Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  30. ^ DeNike, Max. "Dump Dianne: Revisiting the 1983 Mayoral Recall". sfweekly.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  31. ^ San Francisco Voter Information Pamphlet: Special Recall Election April 26, 1983 (PDF). City of San Francisco. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 19, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2022 – via sfpl4.sfpl.org.
  32. ^ "MAYOR FEINSTEIN, BY WIDE MARGIN, DEFEATS SAN FRANCISCO RECALL BID". The New York Times. April 27, 1983. Archived from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
  33. ^ Williams, Richard (July 19, 2013). "Mick Farren obituary". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  34. ^ a b "White Panthers Ten-Point Program" (PDF). Ann Arbor Sun. July 28, 1969. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 8, 2024. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
  35. ^ a b "Ann Arbor Sun - Freeing John Sinclair". Freeingjohnsinclair.aadl.org. Archived from the original on November 25, 2017. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
  36. ^ "Introduction". The John and Leni Sinclair Papers, 1957–1999 at the Bentley Historical Library. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2014.

References

External links

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