Miklós Jósika
This article has been translated from the article Jósika Miklós in the Hungarian Wikipedia, and requires proofreading. (April 2018) |
Miklós Jósika | |
---|---|
Habsburg Empire | |
Died | 27 February 1865 | (aged 70)
Resting place | Hazsongard cemetery, Cluj-Napoca, Romania |
Nationality | Hungarian |
Occupation(s) | Soldier, writer, politician |
Notable work | Abafi (1836) |
Title | Baron of Branyicskai |
Spouses | Elizabeth Kállay
(m. 1818; div. 1847) Júlia Podmaniczky (m. 1847) |
Family | Jósika de Branyicska |
Miklós Jósika
His political writings and activities as a member of the Transylvanian and Hungarian Diets supported the union of Transylvania and Hungary, as well as the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. He joined the revolution's representative government and was elected to the National Defense Committee which governed Hungary for seven months. Following the revolution's defeat in 1849, his family estate lands were seized and he went into exile for the remainder of his life, which ended in Dresden in 1865.[1][2]
Life
Miklós Jósika was born in 1794 in Turda, a village in Central Europe's Pannonian Basin which was at the time under Hungarian control. He was the son of Baron Miklós Jósika and his wife Eleanor Lázár. Following the death of his mother in 1799, his paternal grandmother, Anna Bornemissza, oversaw his childhood. Despite living on the estate of a baron, Jósika spent most of his childhood by himself, alone. He was enrolled in a school in Kolozsvár run by the Piarists Fathers where he studied under the guidance of a multiethnic faculty. The most influential teacher in his life was the French colonel Leonir Dubignon d'Armand. Jósika graduated with a degree in law at Klausenburg, where he was also introduced to the works of classical writers.[2]
Military career
In 1812 Jósika joined the cavalry regiment of the Hungarian army led by
Politics and writing
In 1817 Jósika became engaged to Elizabeth Kállay of the
Historians describe Jósika's political views as liberal and aligned with those of writer Sándor Bölöni Farkas, who in turn was an advocate of British and American democracy.[3][4] Together with other noblemen, Wesselényi and Jósika were among the gentry liberal opposition[5] and formed the "Pro-British League of Transylvanian Aristocrats."[3] Their central political stance was to call for parliamentary reform to enhance democracy while preserving the role of the Crown. In this, they stood in opposition to the more conservative pro-monarchy majority, and to the "Radical Opposition" headed by a lawyer, and later Regent-President of Hungary, Lajos Kossuth.[4] In the course of 1848, Jósika drew closer to the views of Kossuth.[6]
In addition to politics, Jósika turned his attention to writing, producing more than 60 romance novels between the early 1830s and 1854. His first work, Abafi, was published in 1836.
Jósika's literary achievements garnered substantial societal recognition in Hungary. In the late 1830s he was elected as a member of the
Later years
The
Works
- Irány (1835)
- Vázolatok (1835)
- Abafi (1836)
- Zólyomi (1836)
- Az utolsó Bátori (1837)
- A könnyelműek (1837)
- The Czechs in Hungary (1839)
- Végnapok (1842)
- Zrínyi, a költő (1843)
- A két Barcsai (1844)
- Ifjabb Békesi Ferenc kalandjai (1845)
- Diamante (1846)
- Akarat és hajlam (1846)
- A Two-Storey House in Budapest (1847)
- Stephen Jósika (1847)
- A Hungarian Family During the Revolution (1852)
- Eszther (1853)
- The Witches in Szeged (1854)
- Pygmaleon, or, A Hungarian Family in Paris (1856)
- The Hidden Wound (1857)
- Visszhangok (1859)
- Francis Rákóczi II (1862)
- Two lives (1862)
- Clara and Clare (1863)
- Sziklarózsa (1864)
References
- ^ "Hungarian literature - The 19th century". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-10-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 520–521.
- ^ JSTOR 41273656.
- ^ JSTOR 3020211.
- ^ Mishkova, Diana (2009). We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe. Central European University Press. p. 84.
- ^ Reményi, József (1964). Hungarian Writers and Literature. University of Michigan. p. 66.
- ^ Isbell 2008, p.511
- ^ Carlson 2013, pp.23-24
- JSTOR 1006574.
Bibliography
- Carlson, W. Bernard (2013). Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691057767.
- Isbell, John Claiborne (2008). "Romantic novel and verse romance, 1750-1850". In Gillespie, Gerald; Engel, Manfred; Dieterle, Bernard (eds.). Romantic Prose Fiction: A Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages. John Benjamins. ISBN 9789027234568.