Miniopterus zapfei
| Miniopterus zapfei Temporal range: Middle Miocene (MN 7/8)
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Miniopteridae |
| Genus: | Miniopterus |
| Species: | †M. zapfei
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| Binomial name | |
| †Miniopterus zapfei | |
Miniopterus zapfei is a fossil bat in the genus
Taxonomy
Miniopterus zapfei was described by
Description
The known material (hypodigm) of Miniopterus zapfei includes a mandible (lower jaw) with the fourth premolar (p4), first molar (m1), and second molar (m2); a mandible with m1; a mandible with m1 and m2; a mandible with m2 and the third molar (m3); a mandible without any teeth; and an isolated fourth upper premolar (P4). Some of the mandibles also preserve the alveoli (openings) for teeth that have not been preserved. The dimensions of the p4 (length and width) are 1.03 x 0.88 mm; m1 is 1.57 to 1.60 x 1.01 to 1.07 mm; m2 is 1.51 to 1.64 x 0.95 to 1.05 mm; the single m3 is 1.41 mm long; and the single P4 is 1.38 x 1.52 mm.[6] In a well-preserved mandible, the length from the alveolus for the first incisor to the end of m3 is 8.80 mm and the depth of the mandible at m1 is 1.50 mm.[2] Miniopterus zapfei can be identified as a Miniopterus on the basis of the possession of three lower premolars (designated p2, p3, and p4, because the original first premolar has been lost); a two-rooted p3; and the
Range and ecology
Miniopterus zapfei is known only from the site La Grive M in the village of
References
- ^ Mein and Ginsburg, 2002, p. 23
- ^ a b c d e Mein and Ginsburg, 2002, p. 24
- ^ Mein and Ginsburg, 2002, p. 24; Ziegler, 2003, p. 485
- ^ Ziegler, 2003, p. 484
- ^ Miller-Butterworth et al., 2007, p. 1553
- ^ Mein and Ginsburg, 2002, pp. 23–24
- ^ Mein and Ginsburg, 2002, pp. 7, 24
- ^ Mein and Ginsburg, 2002, pp. 7–8
- ^ a b Mein and Ginsburg, 2002, p. 37
- ^ Steininger, 1999, fig. 1.2
Literature cited
- Mein, P. and Ginsburg, L. 2002. Sur l'âge relatif des différents karstiques miocènes de La Grive-Saint-Alban (Isère). Cahiers scientifiques, Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Lyon 2:7–47.
- Miller-Butterworth, C., Murphy, W., O'Brien, S., Jacobs, D., Springer, M. and Teeling, E. 2007. A family matter: Conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(7):1553–1561.
- Steininger, F. 1999. Chronostratigraphy, geochronology and biochronology of the Miocene "European Land Mammal Mega-Zones (ELMMZ)" and the Miocene "Mammal Zones (MN-Zones)". Pp. 9–24 in Rössner, G.E. and Heissig, K. (eds.). The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, 515 pp.
- Ziegler, R. 2003. Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from Middle Miocene karstic fissure fillings of Petersbuch near Eichstätt, Southern Franconian Alb (Bavaria) (subscription required). Geobios 36(4):447–490.