Montréal–Mirabel International Airport
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2009) |
Montréal–Mirabel International Airport Aéroport international Montréal-Mirabel | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMSL 271 ft / 83 m | | ||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 45°40′47″N 074°02′19″W / 45.67972°N 74.03861°W | ||||||||||||||
Website | www.admtl.com | ||||||||||||||
Map | |||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Statistics (2022) | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
Sources: Canada Flight Supplement[2] Movements from Statistics Canada[3] Cargo from Aéroports de Montréal[4] |
Montréal–Mirabel International Airport (IATA: YMX, ICAO: CYMX), originally called Montréal International Airport, widely known as Mirabel and branded as YMX International Aerocity of Mirabel, is a cargo and former international passenger airport in Mirabel, Quebec, Canada, 21 nautical miles (39 km; 24 mi) northwest[2] of Montreal. It opened on October 4, 1975, and the last commercial passenger flight took off on October 31, 2004.
The main role of the airport today is
Prior to the demolition of the passenger terminal, Montréal–Mirabel International Airport was classified as an
The airport was intended to replace the existing Dorval Airport as the eastern air gateway to Canada. Accordingly, from 1975 to 1997, all international flights to and from Montreal (except for flights to and from the United States) were required to use Mirabel. Mirabel's distant location, its inadequate transport links to urban centres and the continued operation of domestic flights from Dorval Airport, made Mirabel very unpopular with travellers and airlines. It did not help that Montreal's economy declined relative to that of Toronto during the 1970s and 1980s, while newer long-range airliners no longer needed to refuel in Montreal prior to trans-Atlantic flights, so passenger levels never approached the levels that had been anticipated. The original plan to eventually close Dorval was discarded, and Mirabel thus turned out to be a white elephant.[9]
A decision was made to consolidate Montreal's passenger traffic at Dorval, with scheduled flights and charter flights being shifted in 1997 and 2004, so Mirabel was relegated to the role of a cargo airport. In 2004, Dorval Airport was renamed Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport, after the Canadian Prime Minister whose government initiated the Mirabel project, the aim of which was to close and replace the Dorval airport. During the 2000s, Dorval was renovated and expanded, which enabled it to handle the passenger levels that the Trudeau government initially claimed would require two airports.[10] Between 2008 and 2018, Mirabel's air traffic more than tripled due to the use of private passenger flights, helicopter flights and flight schools, leading to Aéroports de Montréal renaming the airport to YMX International Aerocity of Mirabel to emphasize it as a business facility.[11]
Development
Background
In the 1960s, Montreal experienced a tremendous economic boom. Massive construction projects, including the Montreal Metro and those linked with the hosting of Expo 67, brought the city international status. More and more visitors were arriving to the city, especially by airplane but not always by choice. The federal government required European airlines to make Montreal their only Canadian destination.[citation needed] That resulted in 15–20% annual growth in passenger traffic at the city's Dorval Airport. Optimistic about the city's future and its continuing ability to attract more and more visitors, government officials decided to build a new airport that would be more than able to absorb increased passenger traffic well into the 21st century.
The Canadian Department of Transport studied five possible sites for Montreal's new airport:
The federal government proposed that the airport should be located at Vaudreuil-Dorion. Not only was it well served by existing road and rail routes, but it was close enough to both Ottawa and Montreal to serve as the gateway for both cities. However, Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa, who had a frosty relationship with Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, reportedly did not want such an important project to be placed so close to the Ontario border. The Bourassa government preferred that the new airport be situated in Drummondville (100 km (62 mi) to the east).
Expropriation
In March 1969, the federal and provincial governments reached a compromise to locate at the St. Scholastique site, and proposals were drawn up to expropriate 39,250 hectares (97,000 acres), an area larger than the entire city of Montreal. This area is served only by a long road link via Autoroute 15 and Autoroute 50. An additional link via Autoroute 13 was planned but never completed. Also planned was the connection of Autoroute 50 to the Ottawa/Gatineau area, a goal which would not be achieved until decades later, in 2012.
The federal government expropriation resulted in making Mirabel the world's largest airport by property area. The airport's operations zone, which encompassed what was eventually built plus expansion room, amounted to only 6,880 hectares (17,000 acres), about 19% of the total area of the airport. The federal government planned to use the excess land as a noise buffer and as an industrial development zone (which was never started). This attracted the ire of the people of St. Scholastique who protested vehemently against the expropriation of their land. Nevertheless, construction started in June 1970 under the auspices of BANAIM, a government organization formed to build the airport. The architects charged with the design were Papineau, Gérin-Lajoie, LeBlanc, Edwards.[12]
Operational history and decline
Montréal–Mirabel International Airport opened for business on October 4, 1975, in time for the 1976 Summer Olympics. In the rush to get the airport open in time for the Olympics, it was decided to transfer flights to Mirabel in two stages. International flights were transferred immediately, while domestic and US flights would continue to be served by Dorval airport until 1982.
The federal government predicted that Dorval would be completely saturated by 1985 as part of its justification for building Mirabel. They also projected that 20 million passengers would be passing through Montreal's airports annually, with 17 million of those through Mirabel. However, three factors dramatically reduced the amount of projected air traffic into Dorval.
First, Montreal began to decline in importance after 1974 because of the increasing use of longer-range jets that did not need to refuel in Montreal before crossing the Atlantic. The use of longer-range aircraft was made more attractive by national energy policies that provided Montreal refineries with feedstock at prices substantially below world prices, starting in 1975 and ending in the 1980s with the drop in world oil prices.
In addition, the simultaneous operation of Mirabel (international flights) and Dorval (continental flights) (see below) made Montreal less attractive to international airlines. A European passenger who wanted to travel to another destination in Canada or fly to the United States had to transfer between airports, unnecessarily complicating their journeys.
Finally, the planned but unbuilt highways and incomplete train routes from Montreal to the airport compounded the problem, as it was an hour-long bus ride from Mirabel to Dorval, which put Montreal at a significant disadvantage. The international airlines responded by shifting their routes to Toronto, which had none of these disadvantages. [13]
By 1991, Mirabel and Dorval were handling only a total of 8 million passengers and 112,000 tons of cargo annually, while Toronto was handling 18.5 million passengers and 312,000 tons of cargo. Mirabel alone never managed to exceed 3 million passengers per year in its existence as a passenger airport. It soon became apparent that the additional capacity from the opening of Mirabel became redundant. Although this redundancy would have been resolved if Dorval was decommissioned as originally intended, public pressure in support of Dorval prevented its planned closure.[14][15] Another obstacle of the planned transfer from Dorval to Mirabel was Air Canada's desire to keep flights in Dorval (and its proximity with AVEOS workshops) and the connections in Pearson Airport.[16]
To ensure Mirabel's survival, all international flights for Montreal were banned from Dorval from 1975 to 1997. As a result, Dorval's continued existence made Mirabel comparatively expensive and unattractive to airlines and travellers alike. While Dorval was only 20 minutes away from the city core, it took 50 minutes to get to Mirabel even in ideal traffic conditions. Passengers who used Montreal in transit had to take long bus rides for connections from domestic to international flights, and Montrealers grew to resent Mirabel as they were forced to travel far out of town for international flights.
Many international airlines, faced with the stark economic reality of operating two Canadian points of entry, opted to bypass Montreal altogether by landing instead in
Over time, the decreasing passenger flights began to take a toll on businesses within Mirabel. Particularly notable was the 354-room Chateau Aeroport-Mirabel hotel adjacent to the terminal, which was forced to shut down in 2002 after 25 years of operation.
Debate
In the late 1990s, Maclean's magazine interviewed one resident, whose farm was expropriated, who said that his land was sacrificed to save the city. He was particularly critical of the Trudeau government for not closing Dorval as well as failing to recognize Mirabel's potential, as no legislation similar to the Wright Amendment in the United States was enacted that would force airlines to use Mirabel instead of Dorval.
Supporters of making Mirabel the sole international airport of Montreal pointed out that it had the capacity to be expanded significantly to meeting growing future demand, unlike Dorval. They also noted that Dorval could be closed and its land be developed for prime real estate, and some of the profits could go towards improving access routes to Mirabel and/or the airport itself.
The initial location of Mirabel was supposed to be a major justification for the project not only because of its expansion room but also the afforded buffer, which would significantly reduce noise pollution in urban areas.
21st century
The C$716 million
Today,[when?] Montréal–Mirabel International Airport is used almost exclusively for cargo flights, with passenger operations having ceased on October 31, 2004, 29 years after the airport's opening and many years of limited, primarily charter service. Bombardier Aerospace launches newly constructed units from its factory at Mirabel.
With very little and then no airline service, and with many empty spaces inside its terminal, Mirabel was the setting of several movies, TV series, and commercials for many years. The 2004 film The Terminal features the mezzanine overlooking the immigration desks and the baggage carousels directly behind them, the tarmac and the main terminal entrance (with a digitally added New York skyline reflection). All other terminal scenes were shot on a soundstage.
In 2006, I-Parks Creative Industries, a French firm that specializes in the creation of urban tourist attractions, and Oger International SA, the global engineering company owned by the family of slain former Lebanese prime minister and entrepreneur
In December 2006, in a move he called "correcting a historical injustice", Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced the return of 4,450 ha of farmland expropriated to build Mirabel airport. About 125 farmers, who rent their land from the federal government, were permitted to buy it back. Harper said he was pleased to finish the work started by former prime minister, Brian Mulroney, who unlocked a major parcel of expropriated land during his first term in office in 1985.[citation needed]
In May 2007, it was reported that the International Center of Advanced Racing had signed a 25-year lease with Aéroports de Montréal to use part of the airport as a race track.
In August 2008, the former Agence métropolitaine de transport said it was willing to extend its commuter rail service to the airport if passenger traffic were to return.[citation needed] The Deux-Montagnes station is only some 12 km (7.5 mi) from the airport.
In July 2010, the ADM confirmed that I-Parks Creative Industries's long-delayed AeroDream project was dead, officially cancelling it.[27] At present there are no plans for any alternative development at the site.
From 2011, the
On September 16, 2013, the
Demolition of terminal building
On May 1, 2014, Aeroports de Montréal confirmed that Mirabel Airport's terminal building would be demolished, citing its high maintenance cost as a reason, as well as its facilities being unfit for commercial aviation needs and lacking any economic viability. Aéroports de Montréal had spent $30 million in maintenance over a decade, while renovations to keep it operational were estimated at $25 million. Several reports suggested that it would simply be less expensive to rebuild a new smaller
A demolition contract was awarded to Delsan on September 16, 2014, which proceeded with the demolition of the terminal building and surrounding parking structures.[33] Demolition costs had been estimated up to $15 million and were expected to take less than a year to complete.[34] Demolition of the terminal building began in mid-November 2014 and was completed in August 2016. The adjacent abandoned Chateau Aeroport hotel, and its connecting terminal skyway, were left standing, albeit in a deteriorating state.
Renewal of airport activity
Between 2008 and 2018, Mirabel airport's air traffic more than tripled. The trend rose sharply as of 2016 with the increase of use of the terminal by private passenger flights, helicopter flights and a rise in nearby flight schools. Nolinor offers daily flights abroad for employees of various companies, and many medical airplanes now use Mirabel airport as well. Consequently, the airport's air traffic control tower was refurbished and reopened with air traffic controllers specifically trained for it, following a decision in early 2019.[35]
On July 11, 2016, Aéroports de Montréal announced that Pama Manufacturing planned to build a medical supply plant on a part of the 400,000 m2 (4,300,000 sq ft) site of the former passenger terminal complex, and that Mirajet was building an airpark at the foot of the air traffic control tower with 20 hangars available for lease to civil and business aviation clients. Other tenants at the time included Bombardier Aerospace, Pratt & Whitney Canada's Mirabel Aerospace Centre, Stelia Aerospace (formerly Aerolia), L3 Communication Mas, Avianor and Nolinor, as well as specialized services, creating a total of 3,700 direct jobs at the airport. The Bombardier CSeries (now the Airbus A220 series) continues to be assembled at Mirabel.[36]
On May 9, 2019, Aéroports de Montréal announced that the airport would be renamed as 'YMX International Aerocity of Mirabel' as part of ADM's new branding.[37] Under this brand, business will be the main focus of Mirabel while Montréal-Trudeau will be branded as a travel destination.
On January 30, 2020, Mirabel airport became a
Architecture and layout
Mirabel was designed to be eventually expanded to six runways and six terminal buildings, with a separate STOLport also planned.[39] The expansion was supposed to occur in a number of phases and be completed by 2000, with the expectation of serving at least 60 million passengers by the year 2025.[39] However, the airport never got beyond the first phase of construction, and by October 2005 runway 11/29 was closed leaving only runway 06/24 operational.[2] In December 2009 runway 11/29 reopened with a length of 2,700 m (8,800 ft) and in April 2012 was restored to its 3,700 m (12,000 ft) length.[2]
From the farthest reach of the
The airport was designed by architects Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Le Blanc, who met at McGill's School of Architecture in the 1950s (under the tutelage of John Bland), founded their company in 1960, and parted ways in 1973 before the airport opened its doors after Papineau and another architect, Gordon Buchanan Edwards, left the firm.[41] Mirabel's terminal carried over the bureau's award-winning Expo 67 Quebec pavilion design. A minimalist dark glass box sitting on top of a concrete bunker housing maintenance services, the terminal was hailed as an architectural triumph when it first opened.
Passengers walked as little as 100 m (328 ft) going from the curb to the
The planners were inspired by
The six planned runways were to be arranged in three pairs of parallel runways. Two pairs were to be oriented northwest–southwest (the prevailing wind direction), and one pair would be oriented east–west (crosswind).[39] These were to provide capacity for 160 takeoffs and landings every hour, allowing 630,000 annual movements.[39] The runways' lengths would have varied, with the shortest being 3,048 meters (10,000 feet), and the longest being 4,572 meters (15,000 feet).[39] The separate STOLport would have a 610-meter (2,000 feet) runway.[39]
The airport had provisions for large cargo areas, aircraft maintenance an area for general aviation, and an airport industrial park.[39]
Unbuilt passenger rail service (TRRAMM)
TRRAMM (Transport Rapide Régional Aéroportuaire Montréal-Mirabel) was a planned airport rail link between Mirabel and downtown Montreal. It was intended to have been completed by 1980, and to eventually be expanded to serve other parts of the greater Montreal region.[39] Trains were to reach speeds of 160 km per hour (100 miles per hour), and to travel between the airport and downtown Montreal in 30 minutes.[39]
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
There are no longer any scheduled public operations at the airport. As of 2019, Mirabel does have a passenger terminal for private flights as well as helicopter flights. In addition, Mirabel airport was used for daily flights transporting employees for various mining companies by the Nolinor airline company.[43]
Former passenger operations
Mirabel opened with service from local airlines
. These airlines had their national country flags posted in front of the terminal on the inauguration of Mirabel.Other airlines that served Mirabel at some point included
Several charter airlines also served Mirabel, such as Wardair, Nolisair, Canada 3000 and Royal Aviation. All four have either merged or gone bankrupt. Air Transat is the only charter airline that started operations at Mirabel and stayed until the end of passenger service in 2004.
Cargo
Airlines | Destinations |
---|---|
Castle Aviation | Hamilton (ON), Plattsburgh |
DHL Aviation | Cincinnati |
FedEx Express | Indianapolis, Memphis, Ottawa |
Moncton, Quebec City, Toronto–Pearson
| |
Quebec City, Hamilton (ON)
| |
UPS Airlines | Louisville |
Statistics
Year | Total passengers | Aircraft movements |
---|---|---|
2000 | 1,276,227 | 48,696 |
2001 | 1,410,910 | 44,887 |
2002 | 982,511 | 41,153 |
2003 | 973,953 | 40,376 |
2004 | 921,926 | 36,720 |
2005 | 31,505 | |
2006 | 29,707 | |
2007 | 26,227 | |
2008 | ||
2009 | 27,225 | |
2010 | 35,087 | |
2011 | 37,362 | |
2012 | 32,141 | |
2013 | 31,968 | |
2014 | 38,588 | |
2015 | 35,490 | |
2016 | 33,906 | |
2017 | 53,268 | |
2018 | 55,421 | |
2019 | 71,656 | |
2020 | 56,877 | |
2021 | 66,572 | |
2022 | 42,604 | |
2023 | 40,480 |
Other facilities
- Bombardier Aerospace[52]) houses its A220 assembly line on the property of Mirabel Airport.[citation needed]
- Bell 505 helicopters.[citation needed]
- Nolisair (Nationair), during its existence, had its head office in the Nationair Building on the airport property.[53]
Incidents and accidents
The following accidents or notable incidents occurred either at the airport, or involved aircraft using the airport:
- January 21, 1995: groundcrew, while its engines were running. Due to a communications error, the pilot believed de-icing was complete and started taxiing forward. Two deicing vehicles that were still in place in front of both horizontal stabilizers were knocked down, causing fatal injuries for three de-icing crew members and serious injuries to the two drivers.[54]
- June 18, 1998: Montréal-Trudeau International Airport) to Peterborough Airport in Peterborough, Ontario, experienced a wing/engine fire during the initial climb. It attempted an emergency landing at Mirabel, but crashed near the beginning of the runway, in part due to a landing gear failure. The two pilots and the nine passengers on board were killed.[55]
- September 11, 2001, Mirabel International Airport participated in Operation Yellow Ribbon and took in 10 diverted flights that had been bound for the closed airspace over the United States.[56]
See also
- List of airports in the Montreal area
- Mirabel Aerospace Centre
- Kertajati International Airport — another "white elephant" airport with similar premise to Montreal Mirabel airport.
- Pickering Airport, a proposed second airport intended to serve Toronto, conceived around the same time that Mirabel was built
- Rickenbacker International Airport — another airport that primarily serves cargo flights
Notes
- Financial Times of Canada. (1975). Mirabel. Special ed. Don Mills, ON: Financial Times of Canada.
- Aeroports de Montréal ADM History
- Durivage, Simon."Mirabel, airport of the year 2000." Montreal, Montreal. September 8, 1992. Video Archive.
- Radio-Canada, "De Mirabel à Dorval", May 14, 1999, Web archive (in French)
References
- ^ "Airport Divestiture Status Report". Tc.gc.ca. January 12, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g Canada Flight Supplement. Effective 0901Z 16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
- ^ "Aircraft movements, by class of operation, airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly". Statistics Canada. August 29, 2023. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
- ^ "2022 Annual Report" (PDF). admtl.com. Retrieved September 17, 2023.
- ^ a b Gazette, The (August 30, 2007). "It's liftoff for AirMédic ambulance". Canada.com. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ a b "Mirabel redécolle". La Presse. Canada. May 14, 2007. Archived from the original on September 30, 2008. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ "Mirabel terminal demolition nears completion". Skies Mag. Kitchener, Ontario. August 9, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
- ^ History section of the Aéroports de Montréal site Archived November 17, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ End of Era Near in Montreal For White-Elephant Airport, CLIFFORD KRAUSS, The New York Times, October 3, 2004
- ^ "What's in an eponym? Celebrity airports - could there be a commercial benefit in naming?". Centre for Aviation.
- ^ Drinkwater, Steve (January 25, 2019). "Mirabel Sees Significant Growth, Tower To Return". COPA. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ^ Kalman, Harold D. (March 4, 2015). "Airport Architecture". The Canadian Encyclopedia (online ed.). Historica Canada.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Radio-Canada Info (May 1, 2014). "Mirabel : autopsie d'un échec". Retrieved September 11, 2017 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Quebec's Fateful Day: Embracing Decline in the Name of Culture". July 27, 2014.
- ^ "Canada's largest ghost airport to be demolished | Toronto Sun".
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Radio-Canada Info (May 1, 2014). "Mirabel : autopsie d'un échec". Retrieved September 11, 2017 – via YouTube.
- ^ "Plus de 1200 employés de Mirabel s'embarquent pour Dorval; 160 autres se retrouvent sans emploi". Le Devoir. November 1, 2004. Archived from the original on December 15, 2004. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
- ^ Aéroports de Montréal Provides a Progress Report on Work at Montréal–Trudeau Archived October 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Airport to be turned into amusement park (21 February 2006) Archived October 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine. CTV News. Retrieved March 25, 2006.
- ^ Delean, Paul (February 22, 2006). Mirabel may take off as theme park Archived February 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine. The Montreal Gazette.
- ^ Mirabel AeroDream Archived March 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Aéroports de Montréal. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
- ^ "ICAR – a new motorsport facility in Quebec". Racing.auto123.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2008. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ a b "Hélibellule fleet". Helibellule.ca. Archived from the original on November 29, 2007. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ Hélibellule fait revivre le transport des passagers à Mirabel Archived March 15, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hélibellule FBO
- ^ "AirMédic". Airmedic.net. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ "Death of dreams at Mirabel". Archived from the original on July 26, 2010.
- ^ "Bombardier CSeries jet completes maiden flight". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. September 16, 2013.
- ^ Quoi de neuf? 01 May 2014 Aéroports de Montréal.
- ^ Démantèlement de l'aérogare de Mirabel TVA Nouvelles May 1, 2014
- ^ Vers la démolition de l'aérogare de Mirabel Ici Radio-Canada May 1, 2014
- ^ Mirabel airport terminal, Trudeau's white elephant, to be torn down CBC News May 1, 2014
- ^ "Montreal's Abandoned Mirabel Airport Faces The Wrecking Ball (VIDEO, PHOTOS)". August 29, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
- ^ "Demolition awaits empty Mirabel airport terminal". Archived from the original on September 18, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2014.
- ^ Drinkwater, Steve (January 25, 2019). "Mirabel Sees Significant Growth, Tower To Return". COPA. Retrieved September 13, 2019.
- ^ "Montreal-Mirabel Airport Development Ongoing; Site of Former Terminal Continues to Attract Interest". MarketWired. July 11, 2016.
- ^ Aéroports de Montréal. "YUL and YMX: a new image for ADM Aéroports de Montréal". www.newswire.ca. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "NAV CANADA Service changes at Montréal-Mirabel Airport: What you need to know". www.navcanada.ca. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Groot, Mirnax (Max) (February 28, 2019). "The History of Mirabel Airport - Part 1". AirportHistory.org. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
- ^ "Fields of Broken Dreams". The Gazette. Canada.com. December 19, 2006. Archived from the original on October 18, 2015. Retrieved June 5, 2015.
- ^ Ville de Montréal. "Papineau Gérin-Lajoie Le Blanc". Le Site Officiel du Mont-Royal. Ville de Montréal. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
- ^ Mirabel looks for new role–again (28 April 2004). CBC News. Retrieved September 22, 2005.
- ^ "Nolinor transportera les travailleurs d'Agnico Eagle pour les 10 prochaines années" [Nolinor will transport Agnico Eagle workers for the next 10 years]. www.iheartradio.ca (in French). November 14, 2017.
- ^ cargojet.com retrieved 4 July 2020
- ^ Top 100 Airports Ranked by Enplaned and Deplaned Passengers, Selected Services or Passengers enplaned and deplaned on selected services — Top 50 airports, 2001, 2002, 2004
- ^ "Aircraft movements, by class of operation, airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly". Statistics Canada. February 29, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
- ^ "Aircraft movements, by class of operation, for airports with NAV CANADA flight service stations, annual". www.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
- ^ "Archived - Aircraft movements, by class of operation and peak hour and peak day of movements, airports with NAV CANADA flight service stations, monthly, inactive". www.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
- ^ "TP577 - Aircraft Movement Statistics Annual Report. Transport Canada 2004" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2008.
- ^ "Aircraft movements by class of operation, airports with NAV CANADA towers, 2007". Statistics Canada. January 21, 2008.
- ^ "Aircraft Movements by Class of Operation - 2005 - Preliminary, Airports with NAV CANADA Towers". Statistics Canada. February 3, 2006.
- ^ "Aerospace Directory." Bombardier Inc. Retrieved December 4, 2010. "10000 Helen-Bristol Street Montréal Airport, Mirabel Mirabel, Québec." Address in French: "10000, rue Helen-Bristol Aéroport de Montréal, Mirabel Mirabel (Québec) J7N 1H3 Canada."
- Europa Publications, August 1, 1991. 667. Retrieved from Google Bookson June 11, 2012. "Nationair Canada: Nationair Bldg, Cargo Rd Al, Montreal International Airport (Mirabel), Mirabel, Que J7N 1A5"
- ^ "Collision with Vehicle Royal Air Maroc". Tsb.gc.ca. July 31, 2008. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ "Swearingen SA.226TC Metro II". Aviation-safety.net. June 18, 1998. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ "NAV CANADA and the 9/11 Crisis". Navcanada.ca. September 11, 2001. Retrieved February 19, 2013.
Further reading
- "End of Era Near in Montreal for White-Elephant Airport". The New York Times. October 3, 2004.
External links
Media related to Montréal-Mirabel International Airport at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Page about Mirabel Airport in the Canadian Owners & Pilots Association Places to Fly Airport Directory
- The airport whose demise was caused by rail absence a critique of the Mirabel Airport closure
- Past three hours METARs, SPECI and current TAFs for Montréal-Mirabel International Airport from Nav Canada as available.
- Krauss, Clifford. "End of Era Near in Montreal for White-Elephant Airport." The New York Times. October 3, 2004.
- Sim, Cheryl. "YMX: Migration, Land, and Loss after Mirabel." A gallery installation featuring two repurposed passenger information displays from the airport terminal. Held in the Department of Communication Studies' Media Gallery, Concordia University, Montreal (Feb 28 - Mar 10 2017) and Galerie POPOP (Belgo Building, 372 rue Ste-Catherine O., Montreal), Mar 29 - Apr 13 2017. Technical notes on the information displays used in the installation.. These 'Solari' signs are now part of the Montreal Signs Project.