Moscow Theological Academy
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2023) |
Московская православная духовная академия | |
Active | 1685 | –1919 1944 –present
---|---|
Rector | Cyril (Zinkovsky) |
Location | , 56°18′41″N 38°07′43″E / 56.311511°N 38.128496°E |
Website | mpda |
Moscow Theological Academy (Russian: Московская духовная академия) is a higher educational institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, training clergy, teachers, scholars, and officials.
The Academy traces its origin to the
History
Academy in 1814-1917
In 1814, the Moscow
From 1835 to 1841, the position of rector was held by Archimandrite Philaret (Gumilyevsky), who initiated the publication of the works of the Holy Fathers at the Moscow Theological Academy. In January 1842 first translations of the works of St. Gregory the Theologian was presented. At the same time "Additions to the works of the Holy Fathers" was created. Having begun systematic publishing activity with a series of patristic works, the Academy embarked on the path of revival of Orthodox theology. The "Additions" published articles of church-historical and theological content. This is the first scientific journal of the Academy. The Moscow Theological Academy also took part in the translation of the Bible into Russian.
The years of rectorship of Archpriest Alexander Gorsky, 1862-1875, became one of the most scientifically striking periods in the history of the Moscow Theological Academy. During this time preparation and implementation of the reforms of the 1860s could not but affect the life of religious educational institutions.
In 1884, a new Charter of theological academies was introduced. The Charter eliminated the autonomy of theological academies and seminaries, strengthening supervision of students.
On March 13, 1898, Archimandrite
From July 7 to July 14, 1917 the All-Russian Congress of Learned Monasticism gathered at the Academy. In September 1917, for the first time in the history of the Academy, the election of the rector took place. Anatoly Orlov, professor of the Department of History and Denunciation of Western Confessions, was elected rector.[3] A month later, the newly elected rector was ordained a priest. The last remarkable event of academic life was the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the death of Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov), which took place on November 18 and 19, 1917.
Soviet era
The decree of January 23, 1918 On separation of Church from State and school from Church prohibited "the teaching of religious doctrines in all state and public, as well as private educational institutions," but the decree of the People's Commissariat of Justice of August 24 of the same year allowed the teaching of religious doctrines in "specially theological" institutions. In 1918, the last set of applicants was held at the Moscow Theological Academy. On August 22, the lectures began. On October 1, the annual act took place, which was attended by Patriarch Tikhon, who celebrated the liturgy in the Academic Church of The Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the same day. The academic year was difficult, there were only four classrooms at the disposal of the Academy, the number of students was significantly reduced. Serious problems with the financing of the Academy began. March 2, 1919 The Board of the Academy adopted a resolution on the termination of the "Theological Bulletin". In the spring of 1919 the school year was completed ahead of schedule due to lack of funding and the seizure of academic buildings by the state. After the final closure of the classes in Sergiev Posad, the Academy continued its activity at the churches of Moscow until the end of the 1920s. All books, archives and manuscripts from the Academy's book depositories were withdrawn to the vaults or funds of the Lenin Library in the 1930s.
On September 4, 1943, the Kremlin hosted a meeting of the
After the secret resolution of the
A great disaster for the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary was a fire on the night of September 27–28, 1986. 5 seminary students died, a dormitory with an assembly hall burned down, the Intercession Church was damaged. Restoration work was completed by 1988.[3]
Since 1991
In the 1990s all the restrictions with which the Soviet government tried to slow down the development of theological schools and theological science were completely lifted, but new difficulties appeared, mainly related to the difficult economic situation in Russia and with limited funding for theological education.
The resumption of the "Theological Bulletin" took place in 1993, when the first episodic issues began to be published.[5]
On July 18, 1995, Bishop
Back in 1994, the Bishops' Council decided to prepare by 2000 a program for the transition to a system of theological education, within which seminaries should become higher schools that train clergymen, while academies should be transformed into research centers that provide theological specialization. On the basis of the Council's definition, a working group was created to develop in detail the concept of a new system of theological education. Proposals were developed to reform the system of theological education, which, with clarifications, were approved by the Holy Synod on December 27, 1996.
Since 2000 language courses and study abroad have become a real opportunity for talented students.
Since 2016, the "Theological Bulletin" has been published on a permanent basis, with four issues a year.[5] In 2019 journals "Theological Questions" (Вопросы богословия)[6] and "Metaphrast" (Метафраст),[7] "The Church Historian" (Церковный историк),[8] "Praxis",[9] "Word and Image. Questions of the Study of Christian Literary Heritage" («Слово и образ. Вопросы изучения христианского литературного наследия»)[10] and "Bulletin of Church Art and Archaeology" (Вестник церковного искусства и археологии)[11] has been launched. In 2020 journal "Biblical Scholia" (Библейские схолии) has been launched.[12]
On February 5, 2021, the Postgraduate Department of the Moscow Theological Academy received state accreditation.[13]
Rectors
- Palladius (Rogovsky) (1700-1703)
- Raphael (Krasnopolsky) (1703-1704)
- Sylvester (Kraisky) (1704-1705)
- Anthony (Karmsky) (1705-1706)
- Theophylact (Lopatinsky) (1706-1722)
- Gideon (Vishnevsky) (1722-1728)
- Herman (Koptsevich) (1728-1731)
- Stefan (Kalinovsky) (1734-1735)
- Mitrophan (Slotvensky) (1737-1739)
- Platon Levitsky (1739-1741)
- Porphyry (Kraуsky) (1743-1748)
- Gennadius (Dranitsyn) (1757-1758)
- Gideon (Slominsky) (1758-1761)
- Gabriel (Petrov-Shaposhnikov) (1761 - 1763)
- Gennadius (Granitsky) (1764-1768)
- Anthony (Gerasimov-Zybelin) (1768)
- Theophylact (Gorsky) (1769-1774)
- Ambrose (Podobedov) (1774-1778)
- Damascene (Rudnev) (1778-1782)
- Paul (Ponomaryov) (1782-1783)
- Apollos (Baibakov) (1783-1786)
- Methodius (Smirnov) (1791-1794)
- Ambrose (Yakovlev-Orlin) (1794-1795)
- Eulampius (Vvedensky) (1795-1799)
- Seraphim (Glagolevsky) (1798-1799)
- Vladimir (Tretyakov) (1799-1801)
- Augustine (Vinogradsky) (1801-1804)
- Moses (Bliznetsov-Platonov) (1804-1807)
- Sergius (Krylov-Platonov) (1808-1810)
- Simeon (Krylov-Platonov) (1810-1816)
- Philaret (Amfiteatrov) (March 16, 1816 — June 1, 1819)
- Kirill (Bogoslovsky-Platonov) (May 1819 - 1824)
- Polycarp (Gaitannikov) (November 4, 1824 - 14 December 1835)
- Philaret (Gumilevsky)(December 14, 1835-1841)
- Eusebius (Orlinsky) (1841-1847)
- Alexius (Rzhanitsyn) (1847-1853)
- Eugene (Sakharov) (August 31, 1853 - 1857)
- Sergius (Lyapidevsky) (October 4, 1857-21 January 1861)
- Sabbas (Tikhomirov) (January 21, 1861 — November 4, 1862)
- Alexander Gorsky (1862-1875)
- Michael (Luzin) (February 11, 1876 — December 1876)
- Sergey Smirnov (1878-1886)
- Christopher (Smirnov) (July 30, 1886 - 13 December 1890)
- Anthony (Khrapovitsky)(1890 - 1895)
- Lawrence (Nekrasov) (July 17, 1895 - March 13, 1898)
- Arsenius (Stadnitsky)(March 13, 1898 - 5 December 1903)
- Evdokim (Meshchersky) (December 9, 1903 - 1906)
- Theodore (Pozdeevsky) (August 1906 - 13 March 1917)
- Hilarion (Troitsky) (March — September 1917) Acting
- Anatoly Orlov (September 10, 1917 - April 1922)
- Vladimir Strakhov (1922 - end 1920s)
- Tikhon Popov (August 28, 1944 - 23 October 1946)
- Nikolai Chepurin (October 23, 1946 - 7 February 1947)
- Sergey Savinsky (February 7 — October 28, 1947) Acting
- Hermogenes (Kozhin) (October 28, 1947 - 11 August 1949)
- Alexander Smirnov (August 15, 1949 - 19 September 1950)
- Vladimir Vertogradov (1950-1951) Acting
- Konstantin Ruzhitsky (August 1951 — November 18, 1964)
- Philaret (Denisenko)(December 22, 1964 — May 14, 1966)
- Philaret (Vakhromeyev)(May 14, 1966 - 18 April 1973)
- Vladimir (Sabodan)(April 18, 1973 — July 16, 1982)
- Alexander (Timofeyev) (July 16, 1982 — August 12, 1992)
- Philaret (Karagodin) (August 12, 1992 — 17 July 1995)
- Eugene (Reshetnikov)(July 17, 1995 — July 14, 2018)
- Ambrose (Yermakov) (July 14, 2018 — August 30, 2019)
- Pitirim (Tvorogov) (August 30, 2019 — August 25, 2020)
- Theodoritus (Tikhonov) (August 25, 2020 — August 25, 2022)
- Cyril (Zinkovsky) (since August 25, 2022)
References
- ^ Езова 2005, p. 222.
- ^ Езова 2005, p. 223.
- ^ a b c d Orthodox Encyclopedia 2017.
- ^ Катаев А. М. (2006). "Духовные школы Русской Православной Церкви в 1943—1949 годах" (PDF). Вестник Церковной Истории (1): 178–179.
- ^ a b "О журнале | Богословский вестник". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "О журнале | Вопросы богословия". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "О журнале | Метафраст". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "Церковный историк". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "Архивы". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "Слово и образ. Вопросы славяно-русского языкознания и литературоведения". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "Архивы | Вестник церковного искусства и археологии". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "О журнале | Библейские схолии". publishing.mpda.ru.
- ^ "Postgraduate Department of the Moscow Theological Academy received state accreditation". mpda.ru. 2021-02-08.
Literature
- Кедров Н. И. Московская духовная семинария, 1814—1889 : Краткий исторический очерк с приложением списков начальников, наставников и воспитанников. — М. : типолитогр. т-ва И. Н. Кушнерев и Ко, 1889. — IV, 162, 158 с.
- Салтыков А., свящ. Краткий очерк истории Московской Духовной Академии // Богословские труды. — 1986. - Сб.: 300-летие МДА. — С. 73—112.
- Голубцов С. А. Московская Духовная Академия в революционную эпоху. Академия в социальном движении и служении в начале XX века : по материалам архивов, мемуаров и публикаций. — М. : Мартис, 1999. — 254 с. — ISBN 5-7248-0065-9
- Езова, Людмила (2005). "Московская Духовная Академия в конце XIX начале ХХ в". Россия и современный мир (in Russian) (1): 221–237.
- "Московская духовная академия". Orthodox Encyclopedia (in Russian). Vol. XLVII. Moscow. 2017. pp. 153–187.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)