Mouse-eared bat
Mouse-eared bats | |
---|---|
Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Chiroptera |
Family: | Vespertilionidae |
Subfamily: | Myotinae |
Genus: | Myotis Kaup, 1829 |
Type species | |
Vespertilio myotis
, 1797 | |
Species | |
See text |
The mouse-eared bats or myotises are a diverse and widespread genus (Myotis) of bats within the family Vespertilionidae. The noun "myotis" itself is a Neo-Latin construction, from the Greek "muós (meaning "mouse") and "oûs" (meaning ear), literally translating to "mouse-eared".[2]
Relationships
Myotis has historically been included in the subfamily
Appearance and behavior
Their ears are normally longer than they are wide, with a long and lance-shaped
Mouse-eared bats are generally insectivores. M. vivesi, and several members of the trawling bat ecomorph Leuconoe, have relatively large feet with long toes, and take small fish from the water surface (they also take insects).[7]
Longevity
Myotis species are remarkably long-lived for their size; in 2018, researchers revealed that a longitudinal study appears to indicate that Myotis telomeres do not shrink with age, and that telomerase does not appear to be present in the Myotis metabolism. 13 species of Myotis bats live longer than 20 years and 4 species live longer than 30 years.[8][9] The longest-living species of Myotis, and longest-living bat in general, is thought to be the Siberian bat (M. sibiricus); one individual discovered in 2005 was found to be over 41 years old at the time.[10]
Species
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Relationships among Myotis species according to molecular data[11] |
Traditionally, Myotis was divided into three large subgenera—Leuconoe, Myotis, and Selysius. However, molecular data indicate that these subgenera are not natural groups, but instead unnatural assemblages of
Myotis is a highly species-rich genus, and the classification of many species remains unsettled. The taxonomy below is based on that of the ITIS in 2021.[16] Some differences in taxonomy from the 2005 third edition of Mammal Species of the World[17] are indicated in footnotes.
- Subgenus Chrysopteron:
- Myotis anjouanensis(Dorst, 1960) - Anjouan myotis
- Myotis bartelsii (Jentink, 1910) - Bartels's myotis
- Myotis bocagii(Peters, 1870) - rufous mouse-eared bat
- Myotis dieteri(Happold, 2005) - Kock's mouse-eared bat
- Myotis emarginatus(E. Geoffroy, 1806) - Geoffroy's bat
- Myotis formosus(Hodgson, 1835) - Hodgson's bat, copper-winged bat
- Myotis goudotii(A. Smith, 1834) - Malagasy mouse-eared bat
- Myotis hermaniThomas, 1923 - Herman's myotis
- Myotis morrisiHill, 1971 - Morris's bat
- Myotis nimbaensis(Simmons et al., 2021) - Nimba mountain bat
- Myotis rufoniger (Tomes, 1858)[footnote 1]- reddish-black myotis
- Myotis rufopictus (Waterhouse, 1845)[footnote 2]- orange-fingered myotis
- Myotis scottiThomas, 1927 - Scott's mouse-eared bat
- Myotis tricolor(Temminck, 1832) - Cape hairy bat, little brown bat, Temminck's mouse-eared bat, Cape myotis, tricoloured mouse-eared bat, Cape hairy myotis, Temminck's hairy bat, three-coloured bat
- Myotis weberi (Jentink, 1890)[footnote 3]- Weber's myotis
- Myotis welwitschii(Gray, 1866) - Welwitsch's bat, Welwitsch's mouse-eared bat, Welwitsch's myotis
- Subgenus Myotis:
- Myotis adversus(Horsfield, 1824) - large-footed bat, large-footed mouse-eared bat, large-footed myotis
- Myotis aelleni(Baud, 1979) - southern myotis (disputed species)
- Myotis alcathoe(von Helversen and Heller, 2001) - Alcathoe bat
- Myotis altarium(Thomas, 1911) - Szechwan myotis
- Myotis alticraniatus Osgood, 1932 - Indochinese whiskered myotis
- Myotis ancricola Kruskop, Borisenko, Dudorova, & Artyushin, 2018 - valley myotis
- Myotis annamiticus(Kruskop and Tsytsulina, 2001) - Annamit myotis
- Myotis annatessae Kruskop & Borisenko, 2013 - Anna Tess's myotis
- Myotis annectans(Dobson, 1871) - hairy-faced bat
- Myotis ater(Peters, 1866) - Peters's myotis, small black myotis
- Myotis badiusTiunov, Kruskop, & Feng Jiang, 2011 - chestnut myotis
- Myotis bechsteinii(Kuhl, 1817) - Bechstein's bat
- Myotis blythii(Tomes, 1857) - lesser mouse-eared bat
- Myotis bombinus(Thomas, 1906) - Far Eastern myotis, bombinus bat
- Myotis borneoensis Hill & Francis, 1984[footnote 4]- Bornean whiskered myotis
- Myotis browni E. H. Taylor, 1934 - Brown's whiskered myotis
- Myotis bucharensis(Kuzyakin, 1950) - Bocharic myotis, Bokhara whiskered bat
- Myotis capaccinii(Bonaparte, 1837) - long-fingered bat
- Myotis chinensis(Tomes, 1857) - large myotis
- Myotis crypticusRuedi, Ibáñez, Salicini, Juste & Puechmaille, 2019 - cryptic myotis
- Myotis csorbai(Topál, 1997) - Csorba's mouse-eared bat
- Myotis dasycneme(Boie, 1825) - pond bat
- Myotis daubentonii(Kuhl, 1817) - Daubenton's bat
- Myotis davidii(Peters, 1869) - David's myotis
- Myotis escalerai Cabrera, 1904[footnote 5]- Escalera's bat
- Myotis federatus Thomas, 1916[footnote 6]- Malaysian whiskered myotis
- Myotis fimbriatus(Peters, 1871) - fringed long-footed myotis
- Myotis fraterG.M. Allen, 1923 - fraternal myotis
- Myotis gomantongensisFrancis and Hill, 1998 - Gomantong myotis
- Myotis hajastanicusArgyropulo, 1939 - Armenian whiskered bat, Hajastan myotis, Armenian myotis (disputed species)
- Myotis hasseltii(Temminck, 1840) - lesser large-footed bat
- Myotis horsfieldii(Temminck, 1840) - Horsfield's bat
- Myotis hoveliHarrison, 1964 - Hovel's myotis
- Myotis hyrcanicus Benda et al., 2012 - Hyrcanian myotis
- Myotis ikonnikoviOgnev, 1912 - Ikonnikov's bat
- Myotis indochinensis Son et al., 2013 - Indochinese myotis
- Myotis insularum(Dobson, 1878) - insular myotis
- Myotis lanigerPeters, 1871 - Chinese water myotis
- Myotis longicaudatus Ognev, 1927[footnote 7]- long-tailed myotis
- Myotis longipes(Dobson, 1873) - Kashmir cave bat
- Myotis macrodactylus(Temminck, 1840) - eastern long-fingered bat, big-footed myotis
- Myotis macropus (Gould, 1854) - southern myotis, large-footed myotis
- Myotis macrotarsus(Waterhouse, 1845) - pallid large-footed myotis, Philippine large-footed myotis
- Myotis melanorhinusMerriam, 1890 - dark-nosed small-footed myotis (disputed species)
- Myotis moluccarum(Thomas, 1915) - Maluku myotis, Arafura large-footed bat
- Myotis montivagus(Dobson, 1874) - Burmese whiskered bat
- Myotis muricola(Gray, 1846) - wall-roosting mouse-eared bat, Nepalese whiskered myotis
- Myotis myotis(Borkhausen, 1797) - greater mouse-eared bat
- Myotis mystacinus(Kuhl, 1817) - whiskered bat
- Myotis nattereri(Kuhl, 1817) - Natterer's bat
- Myotis nipalensisDobson, 1871 - Nepal myotis
- Myotis pequiniusThomas, 1908 - Beijing mouse-eared bat, Peking myotis
- Myotis petax Hollister, 1912[footnote 8]- eastern water bat, Sakhalin bat
- Myotis peytoni Wroughton & Ryley, 1913[footnote 9]- Peyton's myotis
- Myotis phanluongi Borisenko, Kruskop and Ivanova, 2008 - Phan Luong's myotis[footnote 10]
- Myotis pilosusPeters, 1869 - Rickett's big-footed bat
- Myotis pruinosusYoshiyuki, 1971 - frosted myotis
- Myotis punicusFelten, Spitzenberger and Storch, 1977 - Felten's myotis
- Myotis ridleyiThomas, 1898 - Ridley's bat
- Myotis rosseti(Oey, 1951) - thick-thumbed myotis
- Myotis schaubiKormos, 1934 - Schaub's myotis
- Myotis secundusRuedi, Csorba, Lin, & Chou , 2015 - long-toed myotis
- Myotis sicariusThomas, 1915 - Mandelli's mouse-eared bat
- Myotis siligorensis(Horsfield, 1855) - Himalayan whiskered bat
- Myotis sororRuedi, Csorba, Lin, & Chou, 2015 - reddish myotis
- Myotis sowerbyi Howell, 1926 - Sowerby's whiskered myotis
- Myotis stalkeriThomas, 1910 - Kei myotis
- Myotis tschuliensisKuzyakin, 1935 - Tschuli myotis
- Myotis yanbarensisMaeda and Matsumara, 1998 - Yanbaru whiskered bat
- Myotis zenatiusIbáñez, Juste, Salicini, Puechmaille & Ruedi, 2019 - Zenati myotis
- Subgenus Pizonyx:
- Myotis albescens(E. Geoffroy, 1806) - silver-tipped myotis
- Myotis armiensis Carrión-Bonilla & Cook, 2020 - Armién's myotis
- Myotis atacamensis(Lataste, 1892) - Atacama myotis
- Myotis attenboroughi Moratelli et al., 2017[footnote 11]- Sir David Attenborough's myotis
- Myotis auriculus(Baker and Stains, 1955) - southwestern myotis
- Myotis austroriparius(Rhoads, 1897) - southeastern myotis
- Myotis bakeri Moratelli, Novaes, Bonilla, & D. E. Wilson, 2019 - Baker's myotis
- Myotis brandtii(Eversmann, 1845) - Brandt's bat
- Myotis californicus(Audubon and Bachman, 1842) - California myotis
- Myotis caucensis Allen, 1914 - Colombian black myotis
- Myotis chiloensis(Waterhouse, 1840) - Chilean myotis
- Myotis ciliolabrum(Merriam, 1886) - western small-footed bat, western small-footed myotis
- Myotis clydejonesi Moratelli, D. E. Wilson, A. L. Gardner, Fisher, & Gutierrez, 2016 - Clyde Jones's myotis
- Myotis cobanensis(Goodwin, 1955) - Guatemalan myotis
- Myotis diminutus Moratelli & Wilson, 2011 - diminutive myotis
- Myotis dinellii Thomas, 1902[footnote 12]- Dinelli's myotis
- Myotis dominicensisMiller, 1902 - Dominican myotis
- Myotis elegansHall, 1962 - elegant myotis
- Myotis evotis(H. Allen, 1864) - long-eared myotis
- Myotis findleyiBogan, 1978 - Findley's myotis
- Myotis fortidensMiller and Allen, 1928 - cinnamon myotis
- Myotis grisescensA.H. Howell, 1909 - gray bat
- Myotis handleyi Moratelli, A. L. Gardner, J. A. Oliveira, & D. E. Wilson, 2013 - Handley's myotis
- Myotis izecksohni Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias & de Oliveira, 2011 - Izecksohn's myotis[18]
- Myotis keaysiJ.A. Allen, 1914 - hairy-legged myotis
- Myotis keenii(Merriam, 1895) - Keen's myotis
- Myotis larensis LaVal, 1973 - Lara myotis
- Myotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias, & Oliveira, 2011 - LaVal's Myotis
- Myotis leibii(Audubon and Bachman, 1842) - eastern small-footed bat
- Myotis levis(I. Geoffroy, 1824) - yellowish myotis
- Myotis lucifugus(Le Conte, 1831) - little brown bat, little brown myotis
- Myotis martiniquensisLaVal, 1973 - Schwartz's myotis
- Myotis midastactus Moratelli & Wilson, 2014 - golden myotis[footnote 13]
- Myotis nesopolusMiller, 1900 - Curacao myotis
- Myotis nigricans(Schinz, 1821) - black myotis
- Myotis nyctor LaVal & Schwartz, 1974 - Barbados myotis[footnote 14]
- Myotis occultusHollister, 1909 - Arizona myotis
- Myotis oxyotus(Peters, 1867) - montane myotis
- Myotis peninsularisMiller, 1898 - peninsular myotis
- Myotis pilosatibialis LaVal, 1973 - northern hairy-legged myotis
- Myotis planicepsBaker, 1955 - flat-headed myotis
- Myotis ripariusHandley, 1960 - riparian myotis
- Myotis ruber(E. Geoffroy, 1806) - red myotis
- Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897) - northern long-eared bat, northern myotis
- Myotis sibiricus (Kastschenko, 1905) - Siberian bat or Siberian whiskered myotis[footnote 15]
- Myotis simusThomas, 1901 - velvety myotis
- Myotis sodalisMiller and Allen, 1928 - Indiana bat
- Myotis thysanodesMiller, 1897 - fringed myotis
- Myotis velifer(J.A. Allen, 1890) - cave myotis
- Myotis vivesi Menegaux, 1901 - fish-eating bat, fish-eating myotis
- Myotis volans(H. Allen, 1866) - long-legged myotis
- Myotis yumanensis(H. Allen, 1864) - Yuma myotis
- Unclassified & dubious species:
- Myotis australis(Dobson, 1878) - Australian myotis (disputed species)
- Myotis oreias(Temminck, 1840) - Singapore whiskered bat
See also
- Bat adenovirus TJM
Notes
- ^ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
- ^ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
- ^ Split from M. formosus (Csorba et al., 2014).
- ^ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
- ^ Split from M. nattereri (Ibáñez et al., 2006).
- ^ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
- ^ Split from M. frater (Ruedi et al., 2015).
- ^ Split from M. daubentonii (Matveev et al., 2005). Includes M. abei (Tsytsulina, 2004, as daubentonii).
- ^ Split from M. montivagus (Görföl et al., 2013).
- ^ A new species (Borisenko et al., 2008).
- ^ Split from M. nigricans (Moratelli et al., 2017).
- ^ Split from M. levis (Barquez et al., 2006).
- ^ Split from M. simus (Moratelli & Wilson, 2014).
- ^ Split from M. martiniquensis (Larsen et al., 2012).
- ^ Split from M. brandtii (Kruskop, Borisenko, Ivanova, Lim & Eger, 2012).
References
- ^ "Fossilworks: Myotis".
- ISBN 9780826213594.
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 499
- ^ Lack et al., 2010
- ^ Roehrs et al., 2010
- PMID 25781252.
- ^ Levin, E.; A. Barnea; Y. Yovel; and Y. Yom-Tov (2006). Have introduced fish initiated piscivory among the long-fingered bat? Mammalian Biology 71(3): 139–143.
- ^ These Bats Don't Seem to Die of Old Age—Can They Help Extend the Human Lifespan?, by Kate Lunau, at Vice; published February 7, 2018; retrieved June 12, 2018
- PMID 16339320.
- ^ a b Stadelmann et al., 2007, fig. 2; Lack et al., 2010, figs. 1, 2
- ^ Simmons, 2005, p. 500
- ^ "ITIS - Report: Myotis". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
- ^ Stadelmann et al., 2007, fig. 2
- ^ Lack et al., 2010, p. 984
- , retrieved 2021-09-11
- ^ Simmons, 2005, pp. 500–518
- .
Literature cited
- Borisenko, A.V., Kruskop, S.V. and Ivanova, N.V. 2008. A new mouse-eared bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Vietnam. Russian Journal of Theriology 7(2):57–69.
- Han, N., Zhang, J., Reardon, T., Lin, L., Zhang, J. and Zhang, S. 2010. Revalidation of Myotis taiwanensis Ärnbäck-Christie-Linde 1908 and its molecular relationship with M. adversus (Horsfield 1824) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) (subscription required). Acta Chiropterologica 12(2):449–456.*Happold, M. 2005. A new species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from central Africa. Acta Chiropterologica 7(1):9–21.
- Ibáñez, C., García-Mudarra, J.L., Ruedi, M., Stadelmann, B. and Juste, J. 2006. The Iberian contribution to cryptic diversity in European bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(2):277–297.
- Jiang, T., Sun, K., Chou, C., Zhang, Z. and Feng, J. 2010. First record of Myotis flavus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from mainland China and a reassessment of its taxonomic status. Zootaxa 2414:41–51.
- Lack, J.B., Roehrs, Z.P., Stanley, C.E., Ruedi, M. and Van Den Bussche, R.A. 2010. Molecular phylogenetics of Myotis indicate familial-level divergence for the genus Cistugo (Chiroptera) (subscription required). Journal of Mammalogy 91(4):976–992.
- Matveev, V.A., Kruskop, S.V. and Kramerov, D.A. 2005. Revalidation of Myotis petax Hollister, 1912 and its new status in connection with M. daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817) (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera). Acta Chiropterologica 7(1):23–37.
- Mayer, F., Dietz, C. and Kiefer, A. 2007. Molecular species identification boosts bat diversity. Frontiers in Zoology 4(1):239–255.
- Moratelli, R.; Wilson, D. E.; Novaes, R. L. M.; Helgen, K. M.; Gutiérrez, E. E. (2017-06-07). "Caribbean Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), with description of a new species from Trinidad and Tobago". Journal of Mammalogy. 98 (4): 994–1008. .
- Roehrs, Z.P., Lack, J.B. and Van Den Bussche, R.A. 2010. Tribal phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data (subscription required). Journal of Mammalogy 91(5):1073–1092.
- Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0
- Stadelmann, B., Lin, L.-K., Kunz, T.H. and Ruedi, M. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of New World Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes (subscription required). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43(1):32–48.
- Tsytsulina, K. 2004. On the taxonomical status of Myotis abei Yoshikura, 1944 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). Zoological Science 21:963–966.
- Simmons, Nancy B.; Flanders, J.; Bakwo Fils, E. M.; Parker, Guy; Suter, Jamison D.; Bamba, Seinan; Keita, Mamady Kobele; Morales, Ariadna E.; Frick, Winifred F. 2021. A new dichromatic species of Myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Nimba Mountains, Guinea (American Museum novitates, no. 3963) American Museum Novitates. ISSN 0003-0082.