Muhammad ibn Marwan

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Muhammad ibn Marwan
Governor of
Adharbayjan
In office
Unknown–709/10
Succeeded byMaslama ibn Abd al-Malik
Personal details
Died719 or 720
Spouses
  • Umm Jumayl bint Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn al-Khattab
  • Bint Yazid ibn Abd Allah ibn Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah
  • Mother of Marwan II
ChildrenMarwan II
Parents
Military service
AllegianceUmayyad Caliphate
Years of service690–710
Battles/wars

Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān

Arab conquest of Armenia. He defeated the Byzantines and conquered their Armenian territories, crushed an Armenian rebellion in 704–705 and made the country into an Umayyad province. His son Marwan II
(r. 744–750) was the last Umayyad caliph.

Life

Muhammad was the son of Caliph Marwan I (r. 684–685) by a slave girl named Zaynab, and hence half-brother to Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (r. 685–705).[1][2]

When Marwan assumed the throne, he sent Muhammad to

Fourth Armenia.[1][3][4]

In 699–701, along with his nephew,

Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath.[1] In 701 Muhammad campaigned against the Byzantine-controlled Armenian territory east of the Euphrates, and forced its population and the local governor, Baanes, to submit to the Caliphate. Soon after his departure, however, the Armenians rebelled and called for Byzantine aid. Repeated campaigns in 703 and 704 by Muhammad and Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik crushed the revolt, and Muhammad further secured Muslim control by organizing a large-scale massacre of the Armenian princely nakharar families in 705.[1][3][5]

When al-Walid I acceded to the throne in 705, Muhammad began to be eclipsed by his nephew Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, who like him was also born to a slave-girl. Maslama assumed the leadership of the campaigns against Byzantium, and finally replaced Muhammad completely in his capacity as governor of Mesopotamia, Armenia and Azerbaijan in 709/10. Muhammad died in 719/20.[1][3]

Wives and children

Muhammad was the father of the last Umayyad caliph, Marwan II (r. 744–750) through an unnamed woman, most likely of non-Arab origin (a Kurd according to some accounts). Some sources report that Muhammad had taken her captive during the suppression of Ibn al-Zubayr's revolt.[6]

Muhammad was also wed to two

Banu Abd Shams, the parent clan of the Umayyads.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Zetterstéen 1993, p. 408.
  2. ^ Donner 2014, p. 110.
  3. ^ a b c Lilie et al. 2000, pp. 322–333.
  4. ^ Treadgold 1997, pp. 335–336.
  5. ^ Treadgold 1997, pp. 339, 341.
  6. ^ Hawting 1991, p. 623.
  7. ^ Robinson 2020, p. 144.

Sources

  • Donner, Fred (2014). "Was Marwan ibn al-Hakam the First "Real" Muslim". In Savant, Sarah Bowen; de Felipe, Helena (eds.). Genealogy and Knowledge in Muslim Societies: Understanding the Past. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
    ISBN 978-0-7486-4497-1
    .
  • ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3
    .
  • ISBN 978-3-11-016673-6
    .
  • Robinson, Majied (2020). Marriage in the Tribe of Muhammad: A Statistical Study of Early Arabic Genealogical Literature. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
    ISBN 9783110624168
    .
  • ISBN 0-8047-2630-2
    .
  • ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2
    .
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