Principal Upanishads
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Principal Upanishads, also known as Mukhya Upanishads, are the most ancient and widely studied Upanishads of Hinduism. Composed between 800 BCE to the start of common era, these texts are connected to the Vedic tradition.[1]
Content
The Principal Upanishads, which were composed probably between 600 and 300 BCE, constitute the concluding portion of the Veda.
The ten Principal Upanishads are:
- Īśā (IsUp), Yajurveda
- Kena (KeUp), Samaveda
- Kaṭha (KaUp), Yajurveda
- Praśna (PrUp), Atharvaveda
- Muṇḍaka (MuUp), Atharvaveda
- Māṇḍūkya (MaUp), Atharvaveda
- Taittirīya (TaiUp), Yajurveda
- Aitareya, (AiUp), Rigveda
- Chāndogya (ChhUp), Samaveda
- Bṛhadāraṇyaka (BṛUp), Yajurveda
The Principal Upanishads are accepted as śruti by all Hindus, or the most important scriptures of Hinduism.[8] The Principal Upanishads are separated into three categories: prose (Taittirīya, Aitareya, Chāndogya, Bṛhadāraṇyaka), verse (Īśā, Kaṭha, Muṇḍaka), and prose (classical Sanskrit) (Māṇḍūkya).[2]
References
- ISBN 978-0-7914-3579-3.
- ^ ISBN 0231070047.
- ISBN 978-94-009-4339-1.; Quote: "These are the Isa, Kena, Katha, Prasna, Mundaka, Mandukya, Aitareya, Taittiriya, Brhadaranyaka, Chandogya and Svetasvatara. To this list is usually added the Kausitaki and Maitrayaniya (or Maitri) to make the thirteen Principal Upanishads, a canon which has found favour with most scholars of the present day."
- ^ Hume, Robert Ernest (1921), The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, Oxford University Press
- ISBN 978-3-447-03479-1.
- ISBN 9788126018338.
As for Ramanuja, his commentary on the Gita and the Brahmasutra are quite well known as conforming to this practice . But he did not write any regular commentary on the Upanishads as other philosophers like, say, Sankara and Anandatirtha (Madhva) did.
- ISBN 9780231144858.
- ISBN 978-0-19-874554-9.
External links
- Holybooks.com has a book containing the 10 principal Upanishads here: https://holybooks-lichtenbergpress.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Ten-Principal-Upanishads.pdf
Further reading
- Deussen, Paul (1897). Sixty Upanishads of the Veda. ISBN 9788120814684.
- Edgerton, Franklin (1965). The Beginnings of Indian Philosophy. ISBN 9780674064003.
- Hume, Robert Ernest (1921). The Thirteen Principal Upanishads. ISBN 9780195637434.
- Johnston, Charles (2014) [1920-1931]. The Mukhya Upanishads. Kshetra Books. ISBN 9780195637434.
- ISBN 9788172231248.
- Swami Gambhirananda (1957). Eight Upanishads With the Commentary of Shankaracharya. ISBN 8175050152.
- Yeats, William Butler; Shri Purohit Swami (1938). The Ten Principal Upanishads. Repro Books Limited. ISBN 9788129100740.