Name of Mars

In English, the planet

areology, as well as the (rare) adjective Arean^[6] and the star name Antares

.
Mars is also the basis of the name of the month of
Tíw was identified as the Anglo-Saxon equivalent to Mars by Interpretatio germanica.^[8]

Due to the global influence of
European languages in astronomy
, a word like Mars or Marte for the planet is common around the world, though it may be used alongside older, native words. A number of other languages have provided words with international usage. For example:

Arabic مريخ mirrīkh – which connotes fire – is used as the (or a) name for the planet in Persian, Urdu, Malay and Swahili,^[9]
among others

Chinese 火星 [Mandarin Huǒxīng] 'fire star' (in Chinese the five classical planets are identified with the five elements) is used in Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese.^[10]

India uses the
Sanskrit term Mangal derived from the Hindu goddess Mangala.^[11]

A long-standing nickname for Mars is the "Red Planet". That is also the planet's name in
Hebrew, מאדים ma'adim, which is derived from אדום adom, meaning 'red'.^[12]

The archaic Latin form Māvors (/ˈmeɪvɔːrz/) is seen, but only very rarely, in English, though the adjectives Mavortial and Mavortian mean 'martial' in the military rather than planetary sense.^[13]

References

^ "Mars". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

^ "Planetary Names: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov.

Perseus Project
.

^ "martial". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

Perseus Project

^ E.g. in Pickering (1921) Mars.

^ "The Julian Calendar". Encyclopaedia Romana. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

^ "Tuesday (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

^ The dictionary definition of المريخ at Wiktionary

^ The dictionary definition of 火星 at Wiktionary

ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6
.

^ The dictionary definition of מאדים at Wiktionary

^ "Mavors, Mavortial, Mavortian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

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[1] "Mars". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[2] "Planetary Names: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov.

[3] Perseus Project
.

[4] "martial". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

[5] Perseus Project

[6] E.g. in Pickering (1921) Mars.

[7] "The Julian Calendar". Encyclopaedia Romana. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

[8] "Tuesday (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 19 February 2021.

[9] The dictionary definition of المريخ at Wiktionary

[10] The dictionary definition of 火星 at Wiktionary

[11] ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6
.

[12] The dictionary definition of מאדים at Wiktionary

[13] "Mavors, Mavortial, Mavortian". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

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