Nanxiong Formation

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Coordinates: 23°30′N 114°54′E / 23.5°N 114.9°E / 23.5; 114.9
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Nanxiong Formation
Ma
↓
Type
Guangdong Province
Country China
ExtentNanxiong Basin
Nanxiong Formation is located in China
Nanxiong Formation
Nanxiong Formation (China)
Nanxiong Formation is located in Guangdong
Nanxiong Formation

The Nanxiong Formation (also known as Yuanpu Formation) is a

Guangdong Province. Dinosaur
remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Description

It consists of continental siliciclastic red beds, with fauna which similar to that of the Nemegt Formation. It has been dated about 66.7 ± 0.3 million years ago.[1] It is the lowest unit of the Nanxiong Basin, a small graben created during Mesozoic rifting.[2] Buck et al. state that it overlies Jurassic granite basement, and is conformably overlain by the Shanghu Formation.[1] Alternative stratigraphic schemes for the Nanxiong basin have been proposed,[3] one of which refers to the Nanxiong succession as the Nanxiong Group, and dividing it into the Yuanfu, Zhutian and Zhenshui formations, and overlying the Albian to Turonian Changba Formation.[4]

Paleobiota of the Nanxiong Formation

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon
Ootaxon
Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Jiangxisuchus[5] J. nankangensis Nearly complete skull and mandible A
crocodyloid

Lizards

Lizards
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Chianghsia[6] C. nankangensis A partial skull and lower jaws A monstersaurian lizard
Tianyusaurus[7] T. zhengi A skull, mandible, first eight cervical vertebrae and nearly complete pectoral girdles A polyglyphanodontian lizard, also known from the Qiupa Formation

Turtles

Turtles
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Jiangxichelys[8] J. ganzhouensis A complete shell A nanhsiungchelyid turtle
Nanhsiungchelys[9] N. wuchingensis A partial skeleton A nanhsiungchelyid turtle[10]
Oolithes[11][10] O. elongatus, O. nanhsiungensis, O. rugustus and O. spheroides. Egg and egg clutches. Some of these were probably laid by Nanhsiungchelys.[11][10] Turtle and/or theropod eggs.

Dinosaurs

Genus Species Material Notes Images

Theropoda indet.

Indeterminate A maxillary tooth that differs from
carcharodontosaurid dentition.[12]
 A notably large
theropod
.
Indeterminate Isolated dorsal vertebra.[11] A
theropod
.

Hadrosaurs

Hadrosaurs
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Microhadrosaurus[11] M. nanshiungensis Partial lower jaw from a juvenile that was about 2.6 m long A
hadrosaur taxon.[4]
Hadrosauropodus isp.[4] Indeterminate Three-toed footprints[4] A
hadrosaur

Oviraptorosaurs

Oviraptorosaurs
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Banji[13]
 B. long Nearly complete skull and lower jaw An
oviraptorid
Corythoraptor[14] C. jacobsi Nearly complete skeleton including the skull and lower jaw An
oviraptorid with a distinct cassowary
-like crest
Elongatoolithidae indet. Indeterminate Three eggs with embryonic remains.[15]
Oviraptorid
eggs.
Ganzhousaurus[16] G. nankangensis Lower jaw, leg bone, hip bone and caudal vertebrae A transitional
oviraptorid
with both basal and derived traits
Huanansaurus[17] H. ganzhouensis Nearly complete skull, lower jaws, neck vertebrae, a humerus, arm fragments, lower part of the right thighbone, the upper part of the right shinbone, and parts of the right foot An
oviraptorid
Jiangxisaurus[18] J. ganzhouensis Incomplete skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, nearly complete pectoral girdle, the left forelimb, ribs, and a partially preserved pelvic girdle An
oviraptorid
Macroolithus Indeterminate Five egg clutches containing over 60 eggs.[19]
Oviraptorid
eggs
Indeterminate Three eggs with embryonic remains.[20]
Oviraptorid
eggs
M. yaotunensis Two eggs with embryonic remains.[21]
Heyuannia huangi
M. yaotunensis A nest of 24 eggs associated with an adult oviraptorid.[22]
Oviraptorid
eggs
Nankangia[23] N. jiangxiensis A partial lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a nearly complete right humerus, pubic bones, and some dorsal ribs An
oviraptorid

Oviraptoridae indet.

Indeterminate A female individual preserving the pelvic girdle, some caudals and two eggs inside the abdominal cavity.[24] A pregnant
oviraptorid
Indeterminate A nesting adult over a nest of eggs, preserving cervical vertebrae, arms and the pelvic region.[22] An
oviraptorid
that represents the fifth nesting taxon.
Indeterminate A female individual preserving a partial pelvic girdle, hindlimbs and some caudals with two eggs associated near the pelvic region.[25] A pregnant
oviraptorid
.
Shixinggia[26] S. oblita Sparse postcranial remains lacking the skull An
oviraptorid
Tongtianlong[27] T. limosus Almost complete skeleton, portions of the arms, right leg, and tail were destroyed by TNT blasts An
oviraptorid
, the pose indicates that it may have died trying to free itself from mud

Sauropods

Sauropods
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Gannansaurus[28] G. sinensis A single, nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra A sauropod closely related to Euhelopus
Jiangxititan[29] J. ganzhouensis The three posteriormost cervical vertebrae with two cervical ribs, articulated with the first four dorsal vertebrae with three dorsal ribs A derived lognkosaurian likely closely related to Mongolosaurus, but not the coeval Gannansaurus

Therizinosaurids

Therizinosaurids
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Nanshiungosaurus N. brevispinus Eleven cervical vertebrae, ten dorsal vertebrae, six sacral vertebrae and the pelvis.[11][30] A
therizinosaurid
.

Tyrannosaurids

Tyrannosaurids
Genus Species Material Notes Images
Qianzhousaurus[31] Q. sinensis A skull, lower jaw, vertebrae, both scapulocoracoids, a left femur and a left tibia A
tyrannosaurid, could represent a third species of Alioramus[32]

Tyrannosauridae indet.

Indeterminate Two isolated teeth.[11] A
tyrannosaurid
.
Indeterminate Large and well-preserved tooth.[12] A
tyrannosaurid
.

See also

References

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    S2CID 12866840
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  2. ^ Lucas, Spencer G.; Kirkland, James I.; Estep, John W. (1998). "Vertebrate biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Cretaceous of China". Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems: Bulletin 14. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. p. 14.
  3. ISSN 0037-0738. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2020-07-21.
  4. ^
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    .
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  8. S2CID 131484464. Archived from the original
    on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
  9. ^ H.-k. Yeh. 1966. A new Cretaceous turtle of Nanhsiung, northern Kwangtung. Vertebrata PalAsiatica
  10. ^
    S2CID 133937906
    .
  11. ^ a b c d e f Dong, Z. (1979). "Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China" [Cretaceous dinosaurs of the Huanan (south China)]. In Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology; Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.). Mesozoic and Cenozoic Redbeds in Southern China (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press. pp. 342–350. Translated paper
  12. ^ a b Mo, J.-Y.; Xu, X. (2015). "Large theropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of Jiangxi, southern China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 53 (1): 63−72.
  13. ^ Xu, X.; Han, F.-L. (2010). "A new oviraptorid dinosaur (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 48 (1): 11–18.
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    .
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  22. ^
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  26. ^ Lü, J. C.; Zhang, B. K. (2005). "A new oviraptorid (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province of southern China". Acta Palaeontologica Sinica. 44: 412−422.
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