National Police Intervention Groups
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National Police Intervention Groups | |
---|---|
Groupes d'Intervention de la Police Nationale (French) | |
Active | 27 October 1972 - 1 March 2019[1][2] |
Country | ![]() |
Agency | National Police |
Type | Police tactical unit |
Role |
|
Motto | "La cohésion fait la force" "Cohesion brings strength" |
Abbreviation | GIPN |
Commanders | |
Notable commanders | Georges Nguyen Van Loc |
Notables | |
Significant operation(s) |
|
National Police Intervention Groups (GIPN; French: Groupes d'Intervention de la Police Nationale) were tactical units of the French National Police based in large cities in metropolitan France and in French overseas territories.
GIPN units operated in metropolitan France from 1972 until 2015 when they were integrated into the RAID (French: Recherche, Assistance, Intervention, Dissuasion) tactical unit as regional RAID (French: antennes RAID.[3] Overseas territory units were integrated in 2019.[2]
History
In the wake of the tragic events of the
The French National Police responded by creating an "anti-commando" brigade—also known as BRI-BAC—within the Paris Research and Intervention Brigade and GIPNs in the largest province cities, while the National Gendarmerie established its own unit: GIGN.
The first GIPN was created on 27 October 1972 in
The National Police initially formed 11 intervention groups but reduced this number to seven by 1985. This was later expanded to nine with the creation of GIPN units in Réunion in 1992 and in New Caledonia in 1993.
The Ministerial Circular of August 4, 1995 established the policies of the use of the GIPN: organization, rules of engagement, territorial competence, missions, principles of actions, implementation, means and coordination.
RAID integration
In November 2013, the metropolitan GIPNs came under operational control of the RAID, the National Police's tactical unit that had been established in 1985. Finally, in March 2015, they were permanently integrated and officially became "Regional RAID branches" (French: antennes RAID).[4]
On 1 March 2019, the three French overseas territory units in New Caledonia, Réunion and Guadeloupe (jurisdiction over the French East Indies) were integrated into RAID becoming "Regional RAID branches".[2][5]
Organisation
The GIPN were created as units of the Central Directorate of Public Security (Fr:
).Composed of police officers recruited according to very selective criteria, equipped with the best and latest material and subjected to a rigorous and followed drive, the GIPN can furnish groups of police officers to the service of other police units. Each unit is commanded by a senior police officer, assisted by a brigadier, brigadier-chef or brigadier-major. He has the command of his unit during an operation, having though assistance from other participating police services.
They intervene with other services of the National police force, each time the situation requires it, with the constant concern for the preservation of the physical integrity of negotiators and only to use necessary force strictly that as a last resort.
Weapons and equipment
The GIPN arsenal included a wide range of weapons such as:
- Glock 26.
- .
- SSG 551 and 552 commando.
- .
- Taser X26, LBD Brugger & Thomet 40×46, Verney-CarronFlash Ball.
As for personal protection, the GIPN maintained
Recruitment
Organised at the national level by the
In popular culture
- Books in French language:
- José Nicolas, GIPN, Groupe d'Intervention de la Police Nationale, L'instantané, 2005 (ISBN 2-914720-12-2)
- Bruno Bosilo, Jean-François Guiot, José Nicolas and Philippe Poulet, GIPN, Les Groupes d'intervention de la police nationale, Mission Spéciale Production, 2005 (ISBN 2-916357-01-7)
- José Nicolas, GIPN, Groupe d'Intervention de la Police Nationale, L'instantané, 2005 (
- Written mass-media in French language:
- Lyon GIPN, article published in RAIDS magazine, n°148, September 1998;
- Marseille GIPN, article published in RAIDS magazine, n°225, February 2005;
- Marseille GIPN, article published in Commando magazine, n°16;
- GIPN - Les Groupes d'intervention de la Police nationale(French National Police Intervention Groups), article published in Commando magazine, n°21, February- March 2005;
- Action G.I.P.N., article published in Pro-Sécurité magazine, n°29, July- August 2005;
- Lille GIPN, article published in Missions 112 magazine, n°4, October 2005;
- Les GIPN, une force dissuasive (G.I.P.N., a deterrent force), article published in Police Pro magazine, n°2, April–March 2007.
- Documentaries:
- Cobra 13, documentary on G.I.P.N. Marseille directed by Olivier Baudry and broadcast on 3 October 2001, (France 3, Des racines et des ailes - Roots and wings);
- GIPN, les hommes du dernier recours, documentary on GIPN Nice directed by Nicolas Moscara and broadcast in 2003 on TF1, (Le Droit de savoir - The right to know);
- GIPN, dans le secret des hommes d'action (G.I.P.N., the secret of action men), documentary on GIPN Bordeaux directed by Claire Perdrix and David Geoffrion, broadcast in 2005 on TF1, (Le Droit de savoir - The right to know);
- Agressions, braquages, drogue : six mois avec les flics du GIPN (Aggressions, Robberies, Drugs: Six Months with G.I.P.N.'s Cops), documentary on GIPN Lille, broadcast in 2010 on TF1, (Appels d'urgence - Emergency calls).
- Fiction:
- GIPN officers are portrayed as escorting an important prisoner in the 2017 film The Hitman's Bodyguard.
See also
- RAID (National Police)
- GIGN (National Gendarmerie)
- List of special response units
References
- ^ a b Conxicoeur, Christian (15 October 2012). "Les GIPN de France fêtent leurs 40 ans à Lyon". France 3 Rhône Alpes (in French). France Télévisions. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ a b c Bagassien, E. (4 March 2019). "Le GIPN de Guadeloupe devient le RAID". Guadeloupe La Première (in French). France Télévisions. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ Jean-Marc Tanguy Le RAID - 30 ans d'intervention, Editions Pierre de Taillac, Paris - 2015
- ^ Jean-Marc Tanguy Le RAID - 30 ans d'intervention, Editions Pierre de Taillac, Paris - 2015 pp 59-60
- ^ Peeters, Steve-Henry (19 June 2019). "Le RAID officiellement à La Réunion". Réunion La Première (in French). France Télévisions. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ Report no. 85 of the French Senate, 1982. https://www.senat.fr/rap/r82-085/r82-0851.pdf
External links
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