Neogeography
Neogeography (literally "new geography") is the use of geographical techniques and tools for personal and community activities or by a non-expert group of users.[1] Application domains of neogeography are typically not formal or analytical.[2]
From the point of view of human geography, neogeography could be also defined as the use of new specific information society tools, especially the Internet, to the aims and purposes of geography as an academic discipline; in all branches of geographical thought and incorporating contributions from outside of geography performed by non-specialist users in this discipline through the use of specific geographic ICT tools. This new definition, complementing previous ones, restores to academic geography the leading role proponents claim it should play when considering a renewal of the discipline with the rigor and right granted by its centuries-existence, but also includes the interesting social phenomenon of citizen participation in the geographical knowledge from its dual role: as undoubted possibility of enrichment for geography and as social phenomenon with geographic interest.[citation needed]
History
The term neogeography has been used since at least 1922. In the early 1950s in the U.S. it was a term used in the sociology of production & work. The French philosopher François Dagognet used it in the title of his 1977 book Une Epistemologie de l'espace concret: Neo-geographie. The word was first used in relation to the study of online communities in the 1990s by Kenneth Dowling, the Librarian of the City and County of San Francisco.[3]
Immediate precursor terms in the industry press were: "the geospatial Web" and "the geoaware Web" (both 2005); "Where 2.0" (2005); "a dissident cartographic aesthetic" and "mapping and counter-mapping" (2006).
The term neogeography was first defined in its contemporary sense by Randall Szott in 2006. He argued for a broad scope, to include artists, psychogeography, and more. The technically oriented aspects of the field, far more tightly defined than in Scott's definition, were outlined by Andrew Turner in his Introduction to Neogeography (O'Reilly, 2006). The contemporary use of the term, and the field in general, owes much of its inspiration to the locative media movement that sought to expand the use of location-based technologies to encompass personal expression and society.[3]
Traditional
User-generated geographic content
Neogeography has also been connected
Discussion about the definition
There is currently much debate about the scope and application of neogeography in the web mapping, geography, and GIS fields. Some of this discussion considers neogeography to be the ease of use of geographic tools and interfaces while other points focus on the domains of application.
Neogeography is not limited to a specific technology and is not strictly web-based, so is not synonymous with web mapping though it is commonly conceived as such.
A number of geographers and geoinformatics scientists (such as Mike Goodchild
There are also a great many artists and inter-disciplinary practitioners involved in an engagement with new forms of mapping and locative art.[10] It is thus far wider than simply web mapping.
See also
- Cartography
- Collaborative Mapping
- Geography Markup Language
- GeoRSS
- Geoweb
- Google Earth
- GPS eXchange Format
- Keyhole Markup Language
- Locative media
- OpenStreetMap
- Participatory 3D Modelling (P3DM)
- Participatory GIS
- Soundmap
- Spatial citizenship
- Technical geography
- Volunteered geographic information
- Web mapping
References
- S2CID 15975229.
- ISBN 978-0-596-52995-6.
- ^ a b c "A short enquiry into the origins and uses of the term “neogeography”", D'log
- )
- ^ "Neogeography and the Palimpsests of Place: Web 2.0 and the Construction of a Virtual Earth ", M. Graham (2010). Journal of Economic And Social Geography (TESG)
- S2CID 13458260.
- .
- S2CID 20100267.
- ^ Goodchild (2009). "NeoGeography and the nature of geographic expertise".
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