New Holland (Acadia)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with other places named New Holland (disambiguation) or New Netherland in more southerly North America.
Dutch conquest of Acadia (1674), which they renamed New Holland. This is the spot where Jurriaen Aernoutsz buried a bottle at the capital of Acadia, Fort Pentagouet, Castine, Maine

New Holland (Nova Hollandia) was a colony established by Dutch naval captain

Treaty of Nijmegen
in 1678.

History

In 1672 the

North Atlantic Ocean looking for English and French ships to attack.[2]

In New York he met a trader named John Rhoades, a Massachusetts resident thoroughly familiar with the fur trade on the coasts of Maine and Acadia, who told him that the Dutch were no longer at war with the English, but that France had yet to come to terms. Rhoades went on to explain to Aernoutsz that the French colony in Acadia was barely defended and ripe for conquest. Aernoutsz took this suggestion to his a crew and they agreed unanimously.[3] John Rhoades would be the crew's guide.

Aernoutsz with 110 soldiers immediately set sail for the capital of Acadia

Jemseg and captured another French fort there. At both places, Aernoutsz buried bottles at Fort Pentagouet with messages inside them proclaiming that "Acadie" was to be Dutch possession and henceforward known as Nova Hollandia ("New Holland").[5] The Dutch took the Governor of Acadia Jacques de Chambly prisoner (along with his ensign, Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie* de Saint-Castin, and Pierre Joybert de Soulanges, who had been captured at Jemseg.)[6][7][8]

Aernoutsz sailed to Boston where he disposed of his plunder, even selling the cannon from Fort Pentagouet to the Massachusetts government. Some time in October 1674 he sailed for Curaçao, but left his prisoners and a number of his company in Boston, including John Rhoades.[9]

Aernoutsz’s efforts were soon negated by the action of Massachusetts. John Rhoades and the other men Aernoutsz had left in Boston, acting under Aernoutsz's orders to return to Acadia and maintain possession, began seizing New England vessels coming to trade with the Native Americans. Massachusetts apprehended Rhoades and his cohorts and tried them as pirates. Ultimately they were all released or banished from Massachusetts.[9][10][11]

Aftermath

In September 1676 the Dutch West India Company made a belated effort to capitalize on Aernoutsz’s conquest by granting Rhoades a commission to reside and trade in Acadia and by appointing

Cornelis van Steenwijck, a Dutch merchant in New York, governor of the "coasts and countries of Nova Scotia and Acadie".[1]

Although the territory was claimed by the Dutch, they had no sustained power over the area. Later in 1676, the two forts were reoccupied by the French.

Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678, in which the Dutch withdrew their claim to the colony. The treaty, which did not mention the claim specifically, also ended the Franco-Dutch War.[1][9]

See also

References

Texts

Endnotes

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-7884-1695-2
    .
  2. ^ The Pirates of the New England Coast, 1630-1730. George Francis Dow, John Henry, pg. 44.
  3. ^ John G. Reid. Acadia, Maine, and New Scotland: Marginal Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, pg. 162.
  4. ^ Baxter. Documentary history of the State of Maine - primary sources
  5. ^ John G. Reid. Acadia, Maine, and New Scotland: Marginal Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, pg 171.
  6. ^ Baudry, René (1979) [1966]. "Chambly, Jacques de". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  7. ^ Mary Beacock Fryer. Battlefields of Canada, pg. 246.
  8. ^ Baxter, vol. 6. 51-82
  9. ^ a b c Roberts, William I, 3rd (1979) [1966]. "Rhoades, John". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Roberts, William I, 3rd (1979) [1966]. "Aernoutsz, Jurriaen". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Ramerini, Marco. "The Dutch Settlements in North America Archived 2010-07-22 at the Wayback Machine".
  12. ^ Beamish Murdoch. History of Nova Scotia. p. 155 Archived 2013-11-09 at the Wayback Machine.
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