Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi

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Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi
نظام الدین حسن نیشاپوری
Qur'an exegete, poetry

Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi, whose full name was Nizam al-Din Hasan ibn Mohammad ibn Hossein Qumi Nishapuri (d. 1328/29) (

Ash'ari
scholar, mathematician, astronomer, jurist, Qur'an exegete, and poet.

Family and education

Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nisaburi, who according to

genealogical information provided in his full name—Nizam al-Din Hasan ibn Mohammad ibn Hossein Qumi Nishapuri—had a grandfather from the city of Qom, was born in Nishapur.[citation needed
]

Little is known about Nīsābūrī's early life and education.

Il-Khanids at the time.[citation needed
]

Nīsābūrī studied under and worked with

Nasir al-Din Tusi. He was one of the great scientists of Maragheh observatory.[citation needed
]

In 1304, Nīsābūrī arrived in Azerbaijan; by 1306 he was in Tabrīz, the largest city in Azerbaijan.[4]

Nīsābūrī died in 1329/1330, the year he completed his Gharāʾib.[4]

Works

Astronomy and mathematics

Nasir al-Din Tusi
's Fi 'ilm al-Hay'a. Copy created in Timurid Iran, dated December 1490

Nīsābūrī started to write Sharḥ Taḥrīr al‐Majisṭī (تفسیر التحریر, "Commentary on the recension of the Almagest") in 1303., a commentary on a work by

obliquity of the ecliptic and discussed the possibility that the transits of Venus and Mercury across the Sun had been seen.[4]

Nīsābūrī second astronomical work, Kashf‐i ḥaqāʾiq‐i Zīj‐i Īlkhānī ("Uncovering the Truths of the Īlkhānid Astronomical Handbook") was completed in 1308/1309. A commentary on a zīj by Ṭūsī', it focused upon topics discussed in the Sharḥ, such as the positions of the planets in the night sky.[4]

Tawḍīḥ al‐Tadhkira ((توضیح الذکر), "Elucidation of the Tadhkira") was a commentary on Ṭūsī's al‐Tadhkira fī ʿilm al‐hayʾa ("Memento on Astronomy") that investigated topics that included alternatives to Ptolemy's model of the cosmos, and ideas to explain that accounted the known variations in the obliquity of the ecliptic.[4]

The Sharḥ and the Tawḍīḥ were not written for astronomers, but for students whose curriculum included astronomy.[4]

Nisaburi also wrote a treatise on mathematics.

Religious works

Nīsābūrī's most famous work is his

al-Fakhr al-Razi's tafsir in many places. The work was written to demonstrate the importance of science for religious scholars. The work reflects Nīsābūrī's scientific background, in contrast with Rāzī's bias towards the theologians.[4]

Nīsābūrī's other religious works include:

See also

References

  1. ^ Bosworth & Asimov 1992, p. 105.
  2. ^ Eid, Ali (15 October 2005). "الإمام نظام الدين النيسابوري .. غرائب القرآن ورغائب الفرقان" [Imam Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi .. Curiosities of the Qur’an and Ragh’ib al-Furqan]. Al-Bayan (in Arabic). Dubai Media Incorporated. Archived from the original on 10 Jul 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  3. ^ Al-Dhahabi 1997, pp. 231–236.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Morrison 2007.

Sources

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nizam al-Din Hasan al-Nishaburi.
  • Islam and Science: The Intellectual Career of Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi, Robert Morrison, 2007
  • زندگینامه ی ریاضیدانان دوره ی اسلامی از سده ی سوم تا سده ی یازدهم هجری، ابوالقاسم قربانی، چاپ دوم، تهران، 1375 (Biographies of the Mathematicians in the Islamic Period, from 10th to 17th century, Abulqasem Qorbani, Tehran, 1996, 2nd edition)