Northeast Siberian taiga

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Northeast Siberian taiga
Kolyma River
Climate typeDfd

The Northeast Siberian taiga

Kolyma River in northeastern Siberia, Russia. The ecoregion's internal borders form a patchwork of territory constituting the southern part of the East Siberian Lowland, as well as lowlands around the East Siberian Mountains, including the ridges and peaks of the Verkhoyansk Range and the Chersky Range. On the southern border of the ecoregion is the north coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, giving the region maritime boreal forests as well as the continental forests situated inland. The ecoregion is one of the largest tracts of virgin boreal forest in the world, due to the very sparse population and difficult access. It is mostly in the Sakha Republic (Yakutsk region).[1][2][3][4][5]

Location and description

The ecoregion covers an area about 1,800 km west–east by 1,000 km north–south. The western border is the Lena River; beyond that is the

Cherskii-Kolyma mountain tundra" ecoregion) confines the ecoregion into valleys and lowlands.[6] The region is in the Palearctic realm (Euro-Siberian region
). It covers 1,670,283 km2 (644,900 sq mi).

The

Yana River.[7]

Climate

The region has an extreme subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfd), with long, extremely cold winters and short warm summers.[8] Regions with a Dfd climate have 1-3 months with temperatures averaging above 10 °C (50 °F) and at least one month with mean temperatures below −38 °C (−36 °F) , this region has some of the coldest winters in the Northern Hemisphere with the lowest temperature recorded being −68 °C (−90 °F).

Verkhoyansk, Sakha Republic, Russia
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
6
 
 
−43
−49
 
 
6
 
 
−37
−46
 
 
5
 
 
−20
−39
 
 
6
 
 
−3
−22
 
 
12
 
 
10
−3
 
 
23
 
 
20
6
 
 
33
 
 
23
9
 
 
32
 
 
18
4
 
 
14
 
 
9
−3
 
 
13
 
 
−9
−19
 
 
10
 
 
−32
−40
 
 
8
 
 
−40
−47
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Pogoda.ru.net
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.2
 
 
−45
−56
 
 
0.2
 
 
−34
−51
 
 
0.2
 
 
−4
−37
 
 
0.2
 
 
26
−8
 
 
0.5
 
 
50
27
 
 
0.9
 
 
68
43
 
 
1.3
 
 
74
48
 
 
1.3
 
 
65
40
 
 
0.6
 
 
47
27
 
 
0.5
 
 
16
−3
 
 
0.4
 
 
−26
−40
 
 
0.3
 
 
−40
−52
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Precipitation is relatively low, ranging from 150–200 mm/year in central Yakutia, to 400–500 mm/year in the mountains.

Flora

The dominant trees are

Larix cajanderi (larch) and Betula pendula (silver birch), with a ground cover of Pinus pumila (Siberian dwarf pine) and lichen. Further development of the forest is limited by the continuous permafrost of the area, and by the harsh cold winters and relatively low precipitation.[6] The region is a large sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide.[9]

In the lowland floodplains there are steppe floral communities that feature fescue (Festuca), wheatgrass, alpine oatgrass (Helictotrichon), cinquefoils (Potentilla tollii), Orostachys spinosa, Carex pediformis, and others.[7] The ecoregion is one of the floral regions of the Circumboreal Region.

Fauna

Migrant waterfowl are common in the northern areas near the tundra; species include

Anas formosa (Baikal teal). Off the rocky coast of the Sea of Okhotsk are important breading areas for seabirds. Over one million individuals from 15 species are seen in the area, and is one of the only breeding grounds for the Little curlew and the critically endangered Siberian crane
.

The Siberian taiga also is home to galliforms, like the willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) and rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) in areas of open tundra. Populations of black-billed capercaillies (Tetrao urogalloides) and hazel grouse (Tetrastes bonasia) tend to inhabit forested habitat.

Common mammals are elk (

Ursus arctos
).

Protections

Notable protected areas of the Russian Federation in the West Siberian taiga include:

Threats

The region is relatively untouched by human activities; the region is one of the largest virgin forests in the world. There is some mining activity, and logging. As usual with boreal forests, wild fires are a threat in the summer.

Urban areas and settlements

The area is sparsely populated; the only city is Magadan on the Okhotsk Sea, and scattered mining and logging villages.[6][7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  2. ^ Kottek, M.; Grieser, J.; Beck, C.; Rudolf, B.; Rubel, F. (2006). "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  3. ^ "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  4. ^ "Northeast Siberian taiga". Encyclopedia of Earth. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  5. ^ "Northeast Siberian taiga". Digital Observatory for Protected Areas. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c "Northeast Siberian Taiga". World Ecoregions. GlobalSpecies.org. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  7. ^ a b c "Northeast Siberian Taiga". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  8. ^ "Climate - Northeast Siberian taiga". Global Species - Ecoregions. Global Species. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  9. ^ "Palearctic Boreal Ecoregions". Global Forest Atlas. Yale school of forestry and environmental studies. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
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