Northern Iran
Northern Iran (Persian: شمال, romanized: Shomal, lit. 'North'), is a geographical term that refers to a relatively large and fertile area, consisting of the southern border of the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountains.
It includes the provinces of The major provinces, Gilan and Mazandaran, are covered with dense forests, snow-covered mountains and impressive sea shores.
The major cities are
Northern Iran was a trendy spot during the Pahlavi era, especially among foreign tourists. It was a luxurious place that provided all types of modern recreational facilities as well as tourism infrastructure. Today, it's mostly visited by domestic tourists.
Population
Mazandaran is the most populous of the 3 provinces of northern Iran, with 3,283,582 people at the time of 2016 census.[2] Gilan's population in 2016 was 2,530,696 people[3] and Golestan had the lowest population with 1,868,819 people.[4]
The total population of the 3 provinces according to 2016 census was 7,683,097 people, with 2,486,429 households.
City | Province | Population(2016) | No. of households (2016) |
---|---|---|---|
Rasht | Gilan | 679,995 | 228,142 |
Gorgan | Golestan | 350,676 | 111,099 |
Sari | Mazandaran | 309,820 | 101,932 |
Babol | Mazandaran | 250,217 | 81,572 |
Amol | Mazandaran | 237,528 | 78,597 |
Qaem Shahr | Mazandaran | 204,953 | 68,407 |
Gonbad-e Kavus | Golestan | 151,910 | 44,731 |
Bandar-e Anzali | Gilan | 118,564 | 41,053 |
Lahijan | Gilan | 101,073 | 34,497 |
Behshahr | Mazandaran | 94,702 | 31,022 |
Langarud | Gilan | 79,495 | 27,318 |
Chalus | Mazandaran | 65,196 | 22,166 |
Neka | Mazandaran | 60,991 | 19,357 |
Babolsar | Mazandaran | 59,966 | 19,576 |
Tonekabon | Mazandaran | 55,434 | 18,878 |
Tālesh(Hashtpar) | Gilan | 54,178 | 16,832 |
Bandar Torkaman | Golestan | 53,970 | 14,512 |
Aliabad-e Katul | Golestan | 52,838 | 16,655 |
Astara | Gilan | 51,579 | 16,696 |
Nowshahr | Mazandaran | 49,403 | 16,287 |
Sowme'eh Sara | Gilan | 47,083 | 15,331 |
Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh | Gilan | 44,941 | 15,675 |
Azadshahr | Golestan | 43,760 | 13,206 |
Kordkuy | Golestan | 39,881 | 12,971 |
Fereydunkenar | Mazandaran | 38,154 | 12,606 |
Rudsar | Gilan | 37,998 | 13,191 |
Kalaleh | Golestan | 36,176 | 10,346 |
Ramsar | Mazandaran | 35,997 | 12,153 |
Fuman | Gilan | 35,841 | 11,849 |
Aqqala | Golestan | 35,116 | 9,498 |
Juybar | Mazandaran | 32,924 | 10,480 |
Mahmudabad | Mazandaran | 31,844 | 10,399 |
Minudasht | Golestan | 30,085 | 8,980 |
Nur | Mazandaran | 26,947 | 8,597 |
Galikesh
|
Golestan | 23,394 | 6,996 |
Galugah | Mazandaran | 21,352 | 6,898 |
Bandar-e Gaz | Golestan | 20,742 | 6,715 |
Siahkal | Gilan | 19,924 | 6,796 |
Rezvanshahr | Gilan | 19,519 | 6,212 |
Masal | Gilan | 17,901 | 5,759 |
Amlash | Gilan | 15,444 | 5,268 |
Abbasabad | Mazandaran | 13,482 | 4,500 |
Ramian | Golestan | 12,426 | 3,772 |
Rudbar | Gilan | 10,504 | 3,559 |
Maraveh Tappeh | Golestan | 8,671 | 2,072 |
Pol-e Sefid | Mazandaran | 8,294 | 2,680 |
Shaft | Gilan | 8,184 | 2,691 |
Kiakola | Mazandaran | 8,040 | 2,691 |
Capital of both the province and the county
|
Language
Iran is a very diverse country.
From the northeast,
From the north of Iran heading to the west, the next province is
The next province is
After Gilān in the northwest of Iran, there are two Āzerbāijān provinces, the east and west ones, the main language is Āzari Turkish which is native language to the people of these provinces.[12]
Majority of young generations of Iranian, in all over the country, are able to speak, read, and write Persian, which is a national language of the country and they learn it in schools.[13]
Climate
- Cold semi-arid climate: the high mountains and valleys in parts of the Alborz range. In the heights, the weather is cold mountainous and most of the precipitation is in the form of snow. Manjil is an example of semi-arid climate found in the region.
- Mediterranean climate: found in eastern parts of Mazandaran and parts of Golestan. The weather is hot and dry in summer and wet in autumn and winter. Annual precipitation is from 450mm in Gonbad-e Kavus to over 900mm in Babolsar. Other examples include Gorgan and Amol.
- Mazandaran and the province of Gilān. The average annual rainfall amounts to 1200 or 1300 mm or even up to 1800 mm as in Bandar-e Anzali.[14], other examples include Rasht, and Astara.
Parameter | Rasht | Gorgan | Qaem Shahr(Qara Kheyl) | Bandar-e Anzali | Babolsar | Nowshahr | Ramsar | Maraveh Tappeh |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WMO Station number
|
40719 | 40738 | 40737 | 40718 | 40736 | 40734 | 40732 | 40721 |
Mean daily max/min (January) | 11.6°C/3.8°C (52.9°F/38.8°F) | 12.8°C/1.9°C (55.0°F/35.4°F) | 12.6°C/3.1°C (54.7°F/37.6°F) | 10.3°C/5.6°C (50.5°F/42.1°F) | 12.6°C/5.4°C (54.7°F/41.7°F) | 11.6°C/4.6°C (52.9°F/40.3°F) | 11.4°C/5.0°C (52.5°F/41.0°F) | 11.2°C/3.6°C (52.2°F/38.5°F) |
Mean daily max/min (July) | 30.5°C/21.8°C (86.9°F/71.2°F) | 33.5°C/22.9°C (92.3°F/73.2°F) | 30.9°C/22.2°C (87.6°F/72.0°F) | 29.2°C/23.7°C (84.6°F/74.7°F) | 30.0°C/23.4°C (86.0°F/74.1°F) | 29.1°C/22.3°C (84.4°F/72.1°F) | 29.2°C/22.9°C (84.6°F/73.2°F) | 34.7°C/23.3°C (94.5°F/73.9°F) |
Average Annual Precipitation | 1,382.8 mm (54.44 in) | 516.2 mm (20.32 in) | 722.7 mm (28.45 in) | 1,713.8 mm (67.47 in) | 909.3 mm (35.80 in) | 1,325.1 mm (52.17 in) | 1,238.4 mm (48.76 in) | 363.2 mm (14.30 in) |
No. of days with precipitation ≥ 1.0 mm | 113.8 | 63.1 | 74.9 | 102.4 | 71.1 | 93.7 | 89.2 | 49.6 |
No. of days with Rain/Drizzle | 98 | 77.7 | 104.4 | 113.7 | 89 | 109.6 | 103 | 58.4 |
No. of days with Rain Showers | 31.7 | 26.7 | 22.4 | 42.6 | 24.5 | 34 | 32.4 | 16.7 |
No. of days with Snow depth > 0 cm | 8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 5.9 |
Mean Annual Sunshine hours | 1748 | 2287 | 2008 | 1920 | 2095 | 1898 | 1658 | 2720 |
See also
- Caspian languages
- Northwestern Iran
- Western Iran
- Eastern Iran
- Central Iran
- Southern Iran
References
- ISBN 978-600-97086-1-1.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 02. Archived from the original (Excel) on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 01. Archived from the original (Excel) on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 27. Archived from the original (Excel) on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Iran Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ "Khorāsān | historical region, Asia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ "Mazandarani | Iranian Languages". iranian-languages.arizona.edu. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ Borjian, Habib (2004). "Is there continuity between Gilaki and Mazandarani?" (PDF). Columbia University.
- ^ Borjian, Habib (2015). "MAZANDARAN: LANGUAGE AND PEOPLE(THE STATE OF RESEARCH)" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2020.
- JSTOR 4030997.
- ^ "GILAN x. LANGUAGES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ "Azerbaijan | region, Iran". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ "Persian Language". Asia Society. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ Climate data of Iran.
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