Amol

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Amol آمل Ancient names: Amerdad, Ameld, Amui, Hamo, Ameleh, Amol
City
UTC+3:30 (IRST)
Postal code	46131-46391[5]
Area code	(+98) 11
Website	amol.ir amol.gov.ir

Amol (

Amol is located on the Haraz River bank. It is less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the Caspian Sea and less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of the Alborz mountains. It is 180 kilometres (110 mi) from Tehran, and lies 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of the provincial capital, Sari.^[6] It is one of the oldest cities in Iran, and a historic city, with its foundation dating back to the Amardi tribe, who inhabited the region in the Iron Age. Amol is the center of industry and culture of Mazandaran, the rice capital of Iran, and one of the most important cities of the transportation, agriculture, and tourism industries in Iran. It is known as the History, Science and Philosophy city, City that does not die and Hezar Sangar city.^[8]

History

Pre-Islamic

Amol is one of the most ancient cities of Iran. A number of historians and geographers believe it was established in the 1st millennium BC. Some historians have attributed the rise of the city during the reign of the mythological king Tahmuras.^[10]

Pishdadian and Amard

Amardian

tribe

Some historians have associated this ancient city with the periods of the Pishdadian dynasty and the Kayanian dynasty. Amards were the people inhabiting the area before the arrival of

Amol is an old city, with a history dating back to the

Hyrcanian

from the east.

. The other theory about Amol via Ibn Isfandiyar says, at the request of his wife, Firoz Shah, he created a large and flourishing city named Amele.^[14]

Achaemenid Empire

People of Amol were people of Amard they were one of the most important

Further evidence of the power of the Amol people is their fighting in the Battle of Thermopylae, Battle of Gaugamela and other Sardis forces in the Achaemenid Empire.^[16] Quintus Curtius Rufus said, Immortals (Achaemenid Empire) Archers they were all Amard people.^[17]

Parthian Empire

During the age of the

During the Parthian period, Amol was also famous and prosperous, which was called Homo or Hamo. Parthian King Phraates I (171–173 AH) defeated the Mardas in the Amol region. He is said to have moved a group of people to the Parthian lands in northern Khorasan and settled in western Amu Darya, also known as Amol Zam.

Sassanian

Pahlavi script, next to the reclining figure. British Museum

According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of

. Before Islam, Amol was one of the largest and most important cities in the region and was considered the center of Mazandaran. The city of Amol existed before the to this city. Based on pieces of evidence, including the coins found during excavations in addition to Muslim historical books, Amol was the capital of Mazandaran province during the

Sassanid Era

. According to historical literature, Amol was the capital of capital Mazandaran. Amu Darya The Sasanian Pers River is about 2,500 km long, regarded in ancient times as the boundary between Iran and Turan; the modern name may be derived from Amol.^[19] In the city during this period, there was a Temple, Market, and fireplace there was. Ibn Rawi, in his book, calls Amol bigger than Isfahan and Qazvin.^[20]

In what Hudud al-'Alam says about Amol, it is a great city with most moats and castles, the universe and the origin of merchants, and city Carpet, mats, boxwood, bowls, brick, and medallions are found.^[21]

Dabuyid dynasty and Bavand dynasty Iranian dynasty were the kings of the Sassanid dynasty; they lived in Amol, which was the city capital of these dynasties.^[23] The coins of

periods have been minted in Amol mint and sometimes in Sari. It can be argued that the mints of several cities in Mazandaran, especially Amol and Sari, such as the city of Gorgan, have been engaged in minting various coins for 1,300 years.^[24]

Islam

Abbasid, Alid, Ziyarid, Marashis

Amol, in the era of the

. The people of Amol initially resisted the Arabs. In the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth century, Amol was one of the largest cities in Iran. Khalid ibn Barmak built a palace in the city and ruled for years. People from the Qarinvand dynasty arrived a couple of years ago and fought with the Abbasid Caliphate to win the kingdom. During the .

In

Samanid

rule. After the Alid dynasty, the Ziyarid dynasty ruled Iran and Tabaristan. At this time Amol was developed in such a way that geographers have written articles about the industry and its silk.[27] In 260 A.D.,

Qabus was in 1012 overthrown by his own army and was succeeded by his son Manuchihr, who quickly recognized the sovereignty of Mahmud of Ghazni and married one of his daughters. Manuchihr died in 1031 and was succeeded by his son Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali, whom Mahmud of Ghazni had chosen as the heir of the Ziyarid dynasty. From 1032 to 1040, the real power behind the throne was held by Abu Kalijar ibn Vayhan, a relative of Anushirvan Sharaf al-Ma'ali. During this period, Amol was chosen as the capital of Iran until 1090. He also had the first seminary by Hasan al-Utrush built in Amol, which was later named Imam Hassan Askari Mosque. The subsequent Afrasiyab dynasty flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period; it is also called the Kia dynasty. It was founded by Kiya Afrasiyab, who conquered the Bavand kingdom in 1349 and made himself king of the region, in Amol.^[30][31] In this period Sheikh Khalifa Mazandarani of Amol was a leader Sarbadars.^[32] Amol during the ministry of Khajeh

Safavid

In the time of the

, who often frequented it. At the time Amol was considered "the capital of the inhabited world" and acclaimed for its grandeur. Several bridges were built in the area across the Haraz River at this time. During the Safavid era, especially during the reign of Abbas the Great, Mazandaran was considered and a road from Astarabad and Sari to Amol was built.

• 
  The extent of the Parthian Empire (shaded territory)
• 
  Map of the

  Alavid

  emirate with Amol as their capital
• 
  Latin (1689): Sea

  Amard

in town was founded through trade center position and business centers already exceeded and founded artillery. The town has spacious and well-supplied bazaars and post and

But after the

Mongol invasion

, the region was subject to devastation and it was during this time that Sari was declared as capital. At the beginning of the 7th century, Hessamedin Ardeshir shifted the capital from Sari to Amol and constructed his palace there. At this time, a Palace and Ab Anbar were built by order of Shah Abbas, and the tomb of Mir Ghavam al-Din (Mir Bozorg), which had been destroyed by Timur's agents, was magnificently rebuilt.^[35] Amol recovered a certain measure of prosperity while ruled by the Marashians and the Safavids. Under the latter, it was a center of the province of ; it has also suffered at various times from earthquakes. In continuation, Haraz River crosses the city of coal and iron mining region of Amol much iron can also have it in the past.^[36]

Afsharid

Amol in Afsharid dynasty and Zand dynasty as a city for trade and construction were instruments of war. During the Nader Shah in town was founded Iron plant through the trade center position to make cannonballs, mortars, and horseshoes, and business centers already exceeded and founded artillery. This was the first artillery workshop in Iran^[37] Jonas Hanway came to Iran at this time and visited Amol and talked about this city, Due to the abundance of iron ore mines, by Nader Shah's order, Amol it became the most important foundry and steel plant, where cannonballs, rifles, and horseshoes were produced, and Nader Shah it was even decided to build the Iranian Navy in Amol.^[38] At first, the people and rulers of Larijan^[39] and Amol, in support of Zand dynasty, resisted Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar and defeated him.

Qajar

In the Qajar era, the road and railway from

. Ibn Hawqal says the geographers of the 4th to 10th century describe Amol's great prosperity and prosperity; in the latter respect, according to Ebn Ḥawqal, it surpassed Qazvin. Its inner city was protected by a moat, and the houses were constructed of wood and reeds rather than mud bricks on account of the heavy summer rainfall. Rice, fruits, and vegetables grew profusely, and the town was a center for the fabrication of wooden articles, textiles, and carpets, the silks being especially famous. Amol port on the Caspian was the little town named Ahlam or Ahlom.^[40] James George Frazer entered Iran in 1238 as a merchant and scientist and said about this city in his travelogue that the city was truly great and vast. People were decent and respectable inhabitants of the city. Several leaders of the Iranian constitutional revolutions of 1905 and 1911 hailed from Amol. Mulla Ali Kani, one Amoli people reformist who led the people, had a great role in the achievement of the goals of Iran's constitutional revolution. During this period, was built many homes in the city. Although today Amol has expanded greatly on both sides of the In the 19th century, Amol iron and iron goods were traded all over Iran and as far abroad as Baghdad, Mosul and Damascus. Today, the main industries are food processing factories rice, minor woodworking shops, and a few brickworks.^[43] Although today Amol has expanded greatly on both sides of the

After the fall of the

In interval

In this epoch, with the support of the Shah and the wealth of Amin al-Zarb, the first modern railway in the history of Iran was established in Amol.

20th century

Pahlavi, Islamic Republic of Iran

During the reign of

Haraz road

was handed over to the Russian company Treskiniski by the Reza Shah.

Hyacinth Louis Rabino, while visiting Amol during this period, described Amol as an open town with four gates, nine quarters, and approximately 2000 houses. A large bazaar contained about 400 shops with many traditional crafts and trades.

During Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, The construction of Taleb Amoli Street in the western part of the old city and its extension from 1973 to 1975 was completed, and the texture of the city was changed. Street Shahpur, Street Reza Shah Kabir, Street Farhang, Street Saadi, Shir-o-Khorshid Hospital, Imamzadeh Abdollah, and Spinning, weaving, and textile factories were built. Road 77, Sepah-e Danesh school, Paddy factory, Grundig and Kubota in Iran came to fruition in 1963. Supporting Abali Hotel, Rineh Tourism Center, and Reinforcement of Amol Port was done as a tourism project. During this period, the municipal sewage system and electricity were modernized.^[54] During this period, behest of Reza Shah the railway between Tehran and Amol began seventeen years ago, and gradually a large part of it was built, except for sixty kilometers between Abegarm and Amol, Which totally stopped construction in September in the beginning Anglo-Soviet invasion to Iran.^[55] At the end of the kingdom, an agreement was signed between the Ministry of Agriculture of the Pahlavi Government of Iran and the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China on the extension of agricultural technical cooperation to develop research and increase rice production and was implemented at the Amol Rice Research Institute of Iran.^[56]

With the beginning of the

mobilized its forces to jungles around Amol and started some wars against the Islamic Republic in those jungles. It finally organized a famous uprising on January 25, 1982. The Communist Union, based on its Maoist policy and with its mindset of guerrilla and peasant wars, established on the outskirts of the Haraz Road pathway of several important provinces and cities of the country and suitable camouflage of Amol forest and mine reasons to choose in the forest its strategy for war. The union assassinated 600 people during three operations in Amol on November 9 and 13, 1981, and January 25, 1982. The , attempted similar guerrilla activities. In July 1981, members of the Union of Communists tried to seize control of the town of Amol. This uprising was a failure, and most of the Maoist and UIC leaders were hanged, but the uprising itself became very famous and is well respected among some Iranian Leftist organizations. It also experienced various theoretical and political crises. The clashes lasted from November to February for four months.

This day became known in the Iranian calendar named Epic 6 Bahman or Epic of the People of Amol.[57] After this incident, Ruhollah Khomeini only mentioned the name of the city of Amol in the political and divine testament and wrote, We have to thank the people of Amol.^[58]

21st century

Some of the most recent projects have been the complete restoration of the Bazaar and of Imam Reza Street, as well as a comprehensive plan for the preservation of the old city quarters. A lot of different construction projects are currently underway, that intend to modernize the city's infrastructure. In the last few years, many squares, towers, boulevards, and bridges were built in Amol. For example, Haraz Street is one of the most modern streets of northern Iran. Amol is growing and turning into an industrialized town like most of the large Iranian cities. Today, Amol is a thriving metropolis. One of the things they really lack is an airport so there are no cheap flights to Amol. Some of the most famous companies in Iran have main offices located in this city. Good secondary and tertiary education is being offered here as well. Islamic Azad University, for instance, is one of the biggest universities in the Middle East. Now in Amol, there is a municipality and special governor. Amol is one of the research centers for scientific development, knowledge-based sciences, and the Science and Technology Park of Iran. At present, Amol is the center of dairy and livestock products, mining sand, nurturing products such as meat, flowers, and fish, and producing rice in Iran. Industrial machinery products are also very popular in Amol and Iran Heavy Diesel Factory is located in Amol Industrial Town.^[59]

At present especially since 2017, in addition to mass construction of residential buildings, the construction of small streets and hall sports in the deprived areas of the city has accelerated.^[60]

Bitter events

• Amol Gullies were completely destroyed. Since the Sasanian Empire then, the town has suffered earthquake and flood damage several times, but each time, it has recovered, and it is still a considerable town. During the Pahlavi dynasty, the city was burned twice due to fire.^{[61][62][63][64]}
• Flooding in Mount Deryouk, and the destruction of the entire city.
• Dangerous diseases that plague the year 1198 AH
• The outbreak of the dangerous plague that took place in 1198 AH destroyed countless civilians
• The war of the local kings with the Arabs
• Mongol invasion of Genghis Khan and his descendants to Tabaristan
• Wajih ad-Din Masud attack in Amol
• Battle Alavid and Saffarian Samanid in Amol
• Battle House of Karen and Bavandids in the city
• Samanid Empire attack to royan and Amol with the House of Ispahbudhan
• Timur war with the kings Marashis and killing people and battle with Iskandar-i shaykhi
• Attack Mas'ud I of Ghazni on the city
• Shah Ismail I and Shah Abbas Safavid King wars attack the Amol and killing people
• Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar attacked the Larijan and Amol, killing people and destroying the city
• Conflagration in 1335 AH caused a lot of damage and severe destruction to the city. This fire and fire occurred in the year 6 AH, which first started near the Niyaki ridge and was swept across the city by the wind and reached the Haraz River, causing a fire to the gunpowder shop and ammunition shop. The shop exploded and a terrible fire broke out across the river, and then the whole city of Amol was blown away by the wind. It is known that the fire took place in April when residents were enjoying the Nowruz celebration, and much of the city was turned gray
• Sangchal (Bandpay) earthquake of July 2, 1957
• Destroying people with Disease glanders

First of Iran

• The first steel mill in Iran^[65][66][67]
• The first artillery and gunpowder workshop in Iran^[68]
• The first foundry in Iran^[69][70][71]
• The first modern railway in Iran^[72][50]
• The first banknote printing factory in Iran^[73]
• The first road building in Iran^[74]
• The first commercial port in northern Iran^[75][76]
• The first cotton gin factory in Iran^[77]
• The first mineral water factory in Iran^[78]
• The first mdf wood factory in Iran^[79]
• The oldest seminary in Iran^[8]

In literature

The first Aryan dynasty mentioned in Ferdowsi masterpiece at the Shahnameh. The name Amol has come up 16 times directly in Shahnameh. In the Persian epic, Shahnameh, Mazandaran is mentioned in two different sections. The first mention is implicit, when Fereydun sets its capital in city called Amol:^[80]

Geography

Amol is located on the banks of the Haraz River (26 25'N 52 21'E) at an altitude of 76 m above the sea. It is about 18 km from the Caspian Sea and about 10 km from the northern Alborz mountains. It is 180 km from the Iranian capital, Tehran, with a picturesque drive through Haraz Road. Sari, the capital of Mazandaran, is 70 km east of Amol. Mount Damavand (5610 m), the highest peak in the Middle East, is located south of Amol. Amol, with its elevated landscape and valleys, has dense forests. Its tall hills overlook the plains and stretch out to the high slopes of the Mount Damavand. The majestic and deep rocky valleys, rivers, numerous springs, elevated waterfalls, colorful vegetation, a variety of wild life, thermal springs, summer quarters, and rural settlements are some of the special factors which can prove attractive.^[82] The city has Mediterranean climate with very hot summers and cool and humid winters. Maximum rainfall is usually in the month of December and minimum in the month of July.

Ecology

Amol has several dense forests and pastures. The ecology of

the vegetation of the region can be divided into forest and grassland.

Coherent

Haraz Dam is the biggest dam north of Iran under construction on the

Climate

Amol has somewhat short but hot summers and mild to cool winters.

: Cs).

Climate data for Amol (2001-2005)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	13.0 (55.4)	13.8 (56.8)	15.7 (60.3)	19.0 (66.2)	23.6 (74.5)	27.0 (80.6)	29.9 (85.8)	31.2 (88.2)	28.4 (83.1)	24.7 (76.5)	19.1 (66.4)	14.0 (57.2)	21.6 (70.9)
Daily mean °C (°F)	8.4 (47.1)	9.1 (48.4)	11.5 (52.7)	15.0 (59.0)	19.9 (67.8)	23.6 (74.5)	26.0 (78.8)	27.0 (80.6)	24.3 (75.7)	20.1 (68.2)	14.3 (57.7)	9.7 (49.5)	17.4 (63.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	3.8 (38.8)	4.5 (40.1)	7.6 (45.7)	11.0 (51.8)	16.2 (61.2)	20.2 (68.4)	22.1 (71.8)	22.7 (72.9)	20.2 (68.4)	15.5 (59.9)	9.6 (49.3)	5.3 (41.5)	13.2 (55.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	45.3 (1.78)	47.3 (1.86)	68.3 (2.69)	54.5 (2.15)	29.1 (1.15)	25.6 (1.01)	19.3 (0.76)	22.4 (0.88)	40.5 (1.59)	115.6 (4.55)	124.1 (4.89)	110.6 (4.35)	702.6 (27.66)
Average relative humidity (%)	79	76	79	77	75	75	75	75	77	78	79	81	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	131	135.5	124.5	134.3	188.5	192.2	206.6	179.2	134.6	164.2	142.9	129.7	1,863.2
Source: IRIMO(Temperatures[87]), (Precipitation[88]), (Humidity[89]), (Sun[90])

Climate data for Amol
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	11.5 (52.7)	11.8 (53.2)	14.5 (58.1)	19.8 (67.6)	25.1 (77.2)	29.8 (85.6)	32.3 (90.1)	31.9 (89.4)	29.0 (84.2)	23.8 (74.8)	18.6 (65.5)	13.9 (57.0)	21.8 (71.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	3.2 (37.8)	4.0 (39.2)	7.0 (44.6)	11.5 (52.7)	16.5 (61.7)	21.0 (69.8)	23.3 (73.9)	23.0 (73.4)	20.0 (68.0)	14.6 (58.3)	9.6 (49.3)	5.2 (41.4)	13.2 (55.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	80 (3.1)	58 (2.3)	59 (2.3)	29 (1.1)	19 (0.7)	19 (0.7)	20 (0.8)	49 (1.9)	70 (2.8)	139 (5.5)	100 (3.9)	107 (4.2)	749 (29.3)
Average snowfall cm (inches)	1.2 (0.5)	3.1 (1.2)	1.6 (0.6)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	1.2 (0.5)	0.1 (0.0)	7.2 (2.8)
Average rainy days	10	9	11	9	7	5	4	7	7	8	8	10	95
Average snowy days	0.4	1.4	0.3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.4	0.1	2.6
Average relative humidity (%)	81	78	77	73	70	66	67	69	70	74	77	81	74
Mean daily daylight hours	10	10.9	12	13.1	14.1	14.6	14.4	13.5	12.4	11.2	10.2	9.7	12.2
Average ultraviolet index	3	4	3	5	6	7	7	7	6	4	4	4	5
Source: Weather2visit,[91] Weather atlas(Snow-daylight-UV)[92]

Weather

The climate of Amol city is similar to other parts of

Mazandaran

; in hot and humid summers and mild winters. The maximum amount of rainfall falls in December and the least in July. It has a special climate in its regions.

Excavation sites

In recent years, on the excavation hill Qaleh Kesh, some ancient jewelry was discovered. Radiocarbon analysis revealed the background of the jewelry and objects to date from the 1st millennium BC, Bronze Age. New to explore in Baliran works of the era found Paleolithic.^[93]

Population

The population history of the city proper is as follows. All figures are official census figures from the Iranian Statistics Institute.^[94]

1956	1966	1976	1986	1991	1996	2006	2011	2016
22,251	40,076	68,963	118,242	139,923	159,092	197,470	219,915	237,528

Breakdown of 2006 census:^[95]

Total	Male	Female	Family
197,470	98,337	99,133	55,183

At the 2006 census, the city's population was 197,470 in 551,183 households.^[96] The following census in 2011 counted 219,915 people in 67,182 households.^[97] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 237,528 people in 78,597 households.^[4]

Language, religion, timeline

Most Amoli people speak the

. Northern provinces of Iran in the . Amol, Mazandaran has its own calendar months in addition to the official Tabari calendar of the moon, used in the era of Yazdgerd.^[98] Based on experiments and research Max Planck Society, The people of Mazandaran have long been the most original people living in Iran.^[99]

Economy

Amol is the center of dairy, Poultry, and livestock products, Steel building, and rice in Iran.

the main production industries are in the city. Agriculture and Tourism are the basis economy. Amol economic base is in its provincial products. Agriculture has always been a major part of the economy in and around Amol.

Amol is the economic center of Mazandaran province, with Agriculture and Tourism being the base of the Amol economy. Rice, grain, fruits, cotton, tea, sugarcane, and silk are produced in the lowland.

68% of exports of Mazandaran in Amol done.[101]^[102] In the 18th century – 19th century, Amol iron and iron goods were traded all over Iran and as far abroad as Baghdad and Damascus and The society of linen, rice, handicrafts, honey, wood, mat and gold to trade house in Rome and the Gulf countries.^[103] Now export Food products, Citrus, Ornamental flowers, Cement and sand, Meat products, Industrial machinery, Rapeseed, Power cord, Electronic equipment, and Mineral water is exported to several countries, including Afghanistan, Russia, Netherlands, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Oman, Qatar, Angola, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Azerbaijan and Germany.

Rice

The Rice Research Institute of Iran was established in 1963, and through its 50 years of research activity, it has had significant impacts on rice cultivation in the region. The Rice Research Center is located in Amol.^[104] At the ceremony opening of Haraz Road,

because of transportation facilities through the Amol. Amol rice is considered a high-quality product and is exported across the world. Iran's rice export terminal at Amol was established 2016.^[105] Iran International Rice Trade Center and Export Terminal was inaugurated of Amol, on August 21, 2019, in the presence of First Vice President Hassan Rouhani. The center has been established with private investment amounting to over 1 trillion rials ($8.58 million) on earth over 17 hectares.^[106][107] Nowadays, is rice seedling celebration every year in Amol.^[108]

Industry

Amol of primary cities in the production of

from thousands of years ago. Ultra Quality Rice and Fresh the city's other important activities. The company Solico Including Kalleh Dairy and Kalleh Meat one of the biggest corporations in Asia located in Amol.[110] Currently, three industrial towns are active in a county named Industrial Estate, Amol, Babakan Industrial Estate, and Tashbandan. also Iran Heavy Diesel Manufacturing Company, the car and ship's locomotive engine maker is based in Amol. Security paper of Iran producer of securities, banknotes, checks, passport pages and birth certificates it is produced by Takab in Amol.^[111]

Major corporations

Domestic companies

Foreign companies

Native

Pottery is common in the city. Pottery is the material from which the pottery ware is made, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. The place where such wares are made is also called a pottery. Pottery also refers to the art or craft of the potter or the manufacture of pottery. There are also fish farming center in the foothills and around the city, including trout and sturgeon. Today, the percentage of aquaculture production in Amol is equal to the Caspian Sea.^[124]

Public Service

Shopping

The city is served by Refah Chain Stores Co., Iran Hyper Star, Isfahan City Center, Shahrvand Chain Stores Inc., Ofoq Kourosh chain store.

Most of the branded stores and upper-class shops are in the It is located in the center of the city streets Mahdieh, Shahradari, 17 Shahrivar, Mostafa Khomeini, Heraz and Taleghani and Sabzeh Meydan neighborhood.

• Oxin City Center
• Aftab Mall
• Ghaem Shopping Center
• Sepehr complex
• Oxin Mall
• Ghaem Gold Mall
• Grand Passage Amol
• Morvarid Passage
• Farzaneh Passage
• Akhavan Passage
• Mirdamad Passage

Hotel

The first hotel in the city with the name Hotel Shahr was built by Austrian engineers in the year 1972 and used to be called Shahrdari (Municipality) Hotel. It was later renovated in 2014 to be used as an accommodation by visitors.

Hospital

• 
  Oxin City Center
• 
  Oxin City Center
• 
  Oxin Hotel
• 
  Shomal Hospital
• 
  Aftab Shopping Center
• 
  Imam Reza Hospital
• 
  Hotel City (Hotel Shahr)

Culture

Amol's long history has its ancestors because of intellectuals and local and national events. depending on the culture of the people some of the ancient ceremonies of Mazandaran Islamic traditions mingled, Amol is a center for Iranian culture and has produced a number of famous poets. Wool, felting, felt hat production, and mat weaving are part of the Amoli culture. Varf Chal, Locho Wrestling, Palm and

In Mazandaran, this day is known as Tir Maah Sizdah Sho. The name literally means 13th night of the month of Tir. It occurs on the 12th of Aban, the 8th month of the Persian calendar, and is celebrated in the province of Mazandaran. Its history goes back to the pre-Islamic era of Iran and is mentioned in the accredited history book of Tarikh Tabari. The celebration has a specific procedure, 13 different kinds of edibles are prepared, and members of the household should stay home for that special night. Tiregan is one of the biggest festivals in ancient Iran. Traditionally, it is held on the Tir day (ancient days) of Tir month, equal to the 13th of the month in the Zoroastrian calendar, and equivalent to the 10th of Tir in Shamsi year. Tiregan is celebrated on the 13th of Tir in the foothills of Rineh city of Larijan in Amol, Mazandaran Province. It is celebrated by splashing water, dancing, reciting poetry, and serving traditional foods such as spinach soup and sholezard. The custom of tying rainbow-colored bands on wrists, which are worn for ten days and then thrown into a stream, is also a way to rejoice in children. Another ceremony is called Varf Chal. Every spring, people in Ab Ask, a village near the northern city of Amol, mark a 600-year-old ceremony called Varf Chal, which literally means snow storing.

Nowruz Iranians celebrate ancient is also important in Amol. Nowruz Khani, or singing for Nowruz, is a Tabari Gilani tradition in which in the latest days of the year before the Persian New Year (Nowrooz), people go at the door of their neighbors and sing songs about the impending coming of the spring. Locho wrestling has been held in the north of Iran in Mazandaran as a traditional, frank, and ancient sport for 1600 years. This wrestling, which is also known as the Locho heroic sport, has a particular position in the culture and valuable beliefs of the locals, and now, it is a national registered heritage. Amoli people are said to spend much on books, clothes and food. They spend their leisure time going to cinemas, art exhibitions, music concerts, and international book fairs that are held in the city most of the time in the year. Amol is known as the city of Mystics and philosophers, Hezar sangar, Productive, and Alavian. Amol has been host Fajr International Theater Festival and Jasmine International Film Festival.

• 
  Tirgan and Damavand National Day Festival at Amol
• 
  Arikeh Aryaei hall in Amol
• 
  Book City in Amol

Old city

Old district of Amol

The main body of the old city of Amol is located in the old bazaar of Amol. The old bazaar is the main pillar and core of the city's organizer, and its original existence dates back to before Islam and its core 900 years ago. The main constituents of the city Bazaar Amol, known as Paein Baazar or Bazaar Chaharsogh situated in the city center, have lost some of their former importance due to social, economic, and historical reasons. The roofs of the shops here are made of earthenware tiles on an incline so as to be a protection against the sun and rain. The open spaces within, are used to set up weekly bazaars. Historic mosques and old houses located along the market and tribal quarters of the people are also available in the market. Tuesday era

Older neighborhoods

Bazaar Chahar Soogh (بازار چهارسوق) Kashi Mahaleh (کاشی محله) Moshaei Mahaleh (مشایی محله) Shahandasht Mahaleh (شاهاندشت محله) Shahrbanu Mahaleh (شهربانو محله) Kardgar Mahaleh Amiriha (کاردگر محله امیری ها) Gorji Mahaleh (گرجی محله) Espeh-Kola (اسپه کلا) Qadi Mahaleh (قادی محله) Niaki Mahaleh (نیاکی محله) Rodgari Mahaleh Chaksar (رودگری محله چاکسر) Gol Bagh Mahaleh (گلباغ محله) Aski Mahaleh (اسکی محله) Chelabi Mahaleh (چلابی محله) Khavar Mahaleh (خاور محله) Haron Mahaleh (هارون محله) Sabze Meydan (سبزه میدان) Rezvanieh (رضوانیه) Avam Koy (عوام کوی)

• 
  Manouchehri House in old Amol
• 
  Window Shafahi House in old Amol
• 
  Agha Abbas Mosque in old Amol
• 
  Entrance Amol Bazaar
• 
  View of Imamzadeh Qasem in old Amol

Historical and natural attractions

In City and County:

• Mount Damavand is a stratovolcano which is the highest peak in Iran and the Middle East. It has a special place in Persian mythology and folklore.
• Mausoleum of Mir Bozorg (Tomb of Qavam al-Din Marashi)^[127]
• Lar Dam
• Lar National Park
• Mosque of Hasan al-Utrush Originally a small tomb tower before renovation.^[128]
• Sayyid Haydar Amoli (Seyyed Se Tan Tomb tower)^[129]
• Moalagh Bridge
• Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge
• Shahandasht Waterfall
• Amol Bazaar^[130]
• Amol History Museum
• Malek Bahman Castle
• Nassereddin Shah relief (known as Shekl-e Shah)
• Jameh Mosque of Amol
• Agha Abbas Mosque
• Kafar Koli Caves
• Yakhi Waterfall
• Deryouk Waterfall
• Shah Abbasi Baths
• Fire Temple of Amol (known as Shams Al-Rasol)
• Imamzadeh Ibrahim
• The Sasanian Road
• Zaman Valley
• Tower Khidr Nabi
• Village forest Blairan
• Village forest Alimastan
• Gol-e Zard Cave
• Manouchehri Mansion
• Shafahi House
• Ab Ask Thermal Springs
• Ashraf Bath^[131]
• Inn Kemboja
• Heshtel Towers
• Kahrud Castle
• Sangi Bridge Polour
• Imam Hassan Askari Mosque
• Imamzadeh Qasem Shrine
• Imamzadeh Abdollah Shrine^[132]
• Mohammad Taher Shrine^[133]
• Ab ask Thermal Springs^[134]
• Lake Sahon
• Haj Ali Kochak Mosque
• Ab Murad Waterfall
• Sang Darka Waterfall
• Amoloo Mineral Water Spring
• Forest Park Mirza Kuchak Khan Haraz
• Forest Park Halumsar
• Ziaru Jungle
• Dehkadeh Talaei Park
• Larijan Hot Spring
• Dokhaharan lake
• Hosseiniyeh of Amol
• Plain Shaghayegh Larijan
• Gabri Tower
• Mir-Safi Baths
• Tomb Darvish Sheikh Ismail
• Robat Sangi Polur
• Prairie anemone of Polur
• Haj Ali Arbab House
• Do Berar Peak
• Sahun Lake
• Ancient Hill Qaleh Kesh
• Larijan Thermal Spring
• Rineh Thermal Springs
• Kolakchal Mountain
• Ghoredagh Mountain
• Div Asiyab Spring
• Hand Caves in Larijan
• Tekyeh Firuz Kola
• Amiri Waterfall
• Mahan Waterfall
• Lasem Ab Morad Waterfall
• Pol-e Mun Castle
• Saghanefar Hendu Kola
• Saghanefar Zarrin Kola
• Tomb of Sultan Shahabuddin
• Takyeh Oji Abad

• 
  Pol-e No (lit. "New Bridge"), aka Moalagh Bridge
• 
  Tomb of Mir-i Buzurg known as Mashad Mir Bozorg
• 
  Tomb of Mir Haydar Amuli known as Seyyed Se Tan
• 
  Jameh Mosque of Amol
• 
  Imamzadeh Ibrahim

• 
  Forest Park
• 
  Haraz River
• 
  Baliran
• 
  Nature of Amol
• 
  Dehkadeh Talaei Park Lake

Historical monuments destroyed

There were many other historical monuments in Amol which have been destroyed or destroyed throughout history.^[135] Here is a list of most famous:

Amol government house (Dar al-Hakuma), The dome of Iraj son of Fereydoun, the house and bathhouse of Khajeh Yaghoub Majusi, Ameleh Palace and Tomb, Mashhad Sheikh Abu Turab, Sheikh Zahid Firooi tomb, Shrine Hassan ibn Hamza Alavi, Shrine of Sharaf al-Din, Shahriar Taj al-Dawla shrine, Malik Ashtar mosque and minaret, Firoozabad palace, Fortification Amol, Palace Khosrow Parviz, Parthian Fortress, Chaikhori mansion, Qal'eh Dokhtar, Afshar Soldiers camp, Khalidsara castle, Mahaneh Sar castle, Kahrud castle, Gabri tower, Eight caravanserais, Six baths, Twelve Ab anbar, Several mansions and as well as the garden and mansion of Shah Abbas Safavid.

Souvenir

List:^[136][137]

Food

Transportation

Air base

Amol is an air base with two helicopters relief Hilal Ahmar. This is the first center of Iran's air rescue.^[138]

By rail

In 1886, during the time of

Now fast train north, Tehran to Amol of 2013 starts and 2020 ends.^[141]

By car and bus

Amol the largest urban boulevard and highways within mazandaran in the city is. are five bus terminals, Terminal international firuzi, the largest terminal in North of Iran is. Also offers an extensive bus route throughout the entire municipality as well as numerous public and private taxi services.

Road

• 

]. Haraz International Road is one of Iran's most important roads to Amol, which connects other cities to northern Iran. Roads such as Amol-Babol, Amol-Mahmoudabad (Coastal Road), Amol-Fereydunkenar and Amol-Noor can also be reached. Cited.

Streets and boulevards

• Haraz Street
• Imam Reza Street
• Taleb Amoli Boulevard
• Ayatollah Taleghani Boulevard
• Nour Street
• Mahdieh Street
• Enghelab Street
• Janbazan Street
• Monfared Niyaki Boulevard
• Ayatollah Modarres Boulevard
• Yousefian Boulevard
• Muhammad ibn Jarir Tabari Street
• 17 Shahrivar Street
• Basij Boulevard
• Laleh Street
• Farhang Street
• Amin Tabarsi Boulevard
• Shahid Beheshti Street
• Mostafa Khomeini Street
• Pasdaran Street
• Azadegan Boulevard
• Velayat Boulevard
• Motahhari Boulevard
• Hilal Ahmar Street
• Shahid Ghassemi Boulevard
• Resalat Street

• 
  View Haraz Street (Summer season)
• 
  View Haraz Street (Winter season)
• 
  Haraz Street
• 
  Taleb Amoli Boulevard bridge
• 
  Modarres Boulevard entrance in the city from the Tehran
• 
  Imam Reza Street

Customs

International has been a large port in the old days of the port, a major trading port in northern Iran, in the past it has become a city of

Science

In the third to ninth centuries, Amol had in numbers 70 Khanqah and universities. In the 11th century,

the name of Amol was also included among them. Most of Allameh the Iran are born in this city. also the first seminary by Hasan al-Utrush built in Amol, which was later named Imam Hassan Askari Mosque. Amol at various times was the center of science and culture in Iran, for example, Today likewise, scientific centers such as universities and schools and scientific congresses are active in the city. This branch of Pasteur Institute of Iran is located in the city of Amol in the state of Mazandaran. This institute comprises different departments. Amol with University of Special Modern Technologies and Tehran with Tehran University of Medical Sciences stable hosted of Special Modern Technologies USERN.^[145]

Colleges and universities

Some of the biggest universities of Iran such as Shomal University are situated in Amol.

Schools

In Amol, the first new school was established in Niaki neighborhood next to Seyed Hassan Attar residential house, owned by Shir Mohammad Ali Gazaneh, with three classrooms called the Islamic National School. They were able to sign a contract with two brothers, Haji Khan and Mahmoud Khan Golpayegani. The school was opened and started with the management of Haji Khan and Mahmoud Khan's teacher in 1904, one year before the victory of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Other schools were built during the Pahlavi dynasty, such as Malekzadeh High School, Farhang School, Shahdookht School, Iran Girls' Elementary School, Nusrat School, Shariatzadeh School, Tabari High School, Danesh national primary School and Pahlavi High School.^[160] Pahlavi High School that's today is known as Imam Khomeini High School, it was built in 1934 by German architecture engineers. The school was in 2019 registered to Iran National Heritage List.^[161]

Sport

Popular sports in Amol.

Wrestling and volleyball

Amol is the birthplace of many popular

athletes. Notable Athlete from Amol include like, Ghasem Rezaei Olympic gold and bronze medalist and Adel Gholami player in national team.^[163]

Club

Club	Sport	League
Kalleh Mazandaran	Volleyball	Super League
Labaniat Haraz Amol	Volleyball	Super League
Ghand Katrin F.C.	Futsal	Super League
Fouladin Zob	Wrestling	Premier Wrestling League
Fouladin Zob	Weightlifting	Premier Weightlifting League
Damavand Amol	Association football	3rd Division
Kalleh Mazandaran BC	Basketball	IBSL Super League
Raad Padafand Amol	Handball	Premier Handball League
Heyat Badminton Amol	Badminton	Badminton Premier League
Shahrvand Amol	Basketball	Wheelchair Premier League
Veterans & Disabled Amol	Volleyball	Women's Sitting Premier League
F.C Shahin Amol	Association football	Junior Premier League
Amol Football Association	Futsal	Women's Premier League

Stadium

• Payambar Azam Arena
• Chamran Stadium
• Kalleh Stadium

Host

• 2007 WAFF Futsal Championship
• West Asian Basketball Championship
• International Fajr Chess Championships 2018
• International Conference of Sport Science 2017
• FIVB Volleyball Coaches Course Level II held in Iran 2018
• Asia Chess Championship 2017

Media and Cinema

The early in Amol published many newspapers and publications ever since the constitution was a major strength in Mazandaran province. Now, several newspapers and weekly print is active. The first newspaper in Amol the name Mazandaran, Lesan Mellat and Shamshir Mellat released in 1949.^[164] There are 3 cinemas. Farhang Cinema was the first Amol cinema to be built by Ebrahim Monfared in 1952 with a capacity of 200 seats. Moulin Rouge, Metropole and Arash other cinemas in the city were before the revolution.

Notable people

Distance

Away with some of the major cities in Iran:

City	Km distance
Sari	70
Tehran	185
Ramsar	185
Kashan	424
Astara	473
Hamedan	500
Mashhad	800
Ahvaz	960
Kerman	1158
Bandar Abbas	1452

Sister cities

Lahore, Pakistan[165] Cần Thơ, Vietnam

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amol.

• Tourismo Amol
• chnpress.com
• lovelyiran.com
• itto.org
• parrpirar.org
• Yourwonder Amol
• Amol Chto
• Amol DataBase
• english.irib.ir