Norwich School
Norwich School | |
---|---|
IAPS | |
Website | www |
Norwich School (formally King Edward VI Grammar School, Norwich)
Early statutes declared the school was to instruct 90 sons of Norwich citizens, though it has since grown to a total enrolment of approximately 1,020 pupils. For most of its history it was a boys' school, before becoming co-educational in the
Former pupils are referred to as
History
Establishment and early history
Norwich School traces its origins to the founding of an episcopal grammar school in 1096 by Herbert de Losinga, first Bishop of Norwich. The continuity of the current Norwich School with the 1096 school would make it one of the oldest surviving schools in the United Kingdom.[3][4] The newly established school occupied a site on "Holmstrete" in the parish of St Matthew between the close of Norwich Cathedral and the River Wensum.[5][6] Until the English Reformation the bishop would appoint the headteacher (termed Head Master by the school), though on several occasions this role had been fulfilled by the Archbishop of Canterbury.[5][nb 2] The earliest known headteacher is Vincent of Scarning, who is mentioned in 1240 regarding a financial dispute with a school in Rudham.[5]
In 1538, the school was separated from its cathedral foundation and placed under the control of the
16th and 17th centuries
The school was refounded as King Edward VI Grammar School in a
In 1550 the city purchased the former chantry chapel and college of St John the Evangelist beside the cathedral for the use of the grammar school out of the £200 each year at their disposal in a licence in mortmain to purchase and add to the revenues of the Great Hospital.[19][20] Founded in 1316 by John Salmon, Bishop of Norwich, the chapel, in addition to its role as a chantry dedicated to the souls of Salmon's parents and the predecessors and successors of the Bishops of Norwich had also been used as a charnel house and contained the Wodehouse chantry, founded by Henry V at the request of John Wodehous, a veteran of the Battle of Agincourt.[21] The school moved to the site in the summer of 1551, where it has remained ever since.[19] The chapel was used as the main schoolroom while the other buildings were used to provide a library and accommodation for the master and boarding pupils. The arrangement continued until the 19th century, and today the building is used as the school chapel.[22]
A master and "usher" (deputy headteacher) were to be appointed by the city out of the revenues assigned to them, who were required to have a good knowledge of classical languages, namely Latin and Greek. Additionally, the master was required to be a university graduate, of "sound religion", and not to take on additional work.[8] The salary of the usher was £6. 13s. 4d. and the master a "handsome" sum of £10,[8] which by 1636 had risen to £50.[20] The 1566 statutes declared the school was to provide Greek and Latin instruction for 90 sons of Norwich citizens free of expense and up to ten fee-paying pupils.[23] By the 19th century the city was observed to generally leave room for as many boarders and other day scholars to sufficiently remunerate the teachers.[24] Admission was limited to boys thought to benefit from the education offered, and the school was highly selective as a result.[8][23] The education was based on erudition,[25] the eventual goal being that by the age of 18 the pupils would have learned "to vary one sentence diversely, to make a verse exactly, to endight an epistle eloquently and learnedly, to declaim of a theme simple, and last of all to attain some competent knowledge of the Greek tongue".[26] Pupils were taught rhetoric based on the Rhetorica ad Herennium, and Greek centred around the works of Homer and Virgil.[27] In addition to classical literature, etiquette was taught as both were deemed fundamental to a good education.[8] Edward Coke studied at the school at the age of eight from 1560 until 1567, where he is said to have been taught to value the "forcefulness of freedom of speech", something he later applied as a judge.[28][29]
As part of the annual Guild Day procession of the inauguration of the new mayor of Norwich it was tradition for the head boy to deliver a short speech in Latin from the school porch "commending justice and obedyence" to the mayor and corporation.
18th and 19th centuries
The system of education remained largely unchanged until the late 18th century.[35] Samuel Parr, master from 1778 to 1785 was noted for his use of corporal punishment, commonplace at the time. One pupil remarked:
Parr's fame for severity spread a sort of panic through the city, especially among the mothers, who would sometimes interpose a remonstrance, which occasioned a ludicrous scene, but seldom availed the culprit, while the wiser were willing to leave their boys in his hands.[36]
Richard Twining, the tea merchant, however, was advised by his brother John to send his eldest son to Norwich, writing of Parr, "I have been told that he flogs too much, but I doubt those from whom I have heard it think any use of punishment too much".[36] Parr's daily teaching was interrupted at midday when he sent a boy to the pastry-cook's across the road for a pie, which he ate by the schoolroom fire.[36] On the resignation of his headship in 1785, historian Warren Derry comments, "an object of terror was gone, but the glory of the place had gone with it".[37]
John Crome, the landscape painter and founder of the Norwich School of painters, became a drawing master at the school at the beginning of the 19th century, a position he held for many years.[38] The Norwich School of painters was the first provincial art movement in England, and Crome has been described as one of the most prominent British landscape painters alongside Constable and Gainsborough.[39] Several notable artists of the movement were educated at the school including John Sell Cotman, James Stark, George Vincent, John Berney Crome, and Edward Thomas Daniell.[40] Frederick Sandys, the "Norwich Pre-Raphaelite", who also attended the school, had his roots in the movement.[41] Some staff, such as Dr. Samuel Forster, were associated with the movement; Forster was headteacher when John Sell Cotman attended the school. Forster became vice president of the Norwich Society of Artists, the society established in 1803 for artists of the movement.[42] Charles Hodgson who taught mathematics and art, and his son David who taught art, were also supporters of Crome.[43]
... he may visit the grammar school that has sent forth scholars,
gateways ...
S. S. Madders, 1853, Rambles in an Old City, p. 5.
The number of pupils fluctuated significantly at the beginning of the 19th century, with usual numbers between 100 and 150 pupils, but falling to eight pupils in 1811 and 30 in 1859.
By the mid-19th century the school failed to cater to the requirements of the new urban middle class due to its predominant focus on classical education and was perceived by the city's large Nonconformist community as too exclusively Anglican.[48] The school, however, underwent dramatic reform under Augustus Jessopp, one of the great Victorian reforming headteachers, whose headship lasted from 1859 to 1879.[44] Influenced by Thomas Arnold's reforms at Rugby and the new Victorian public schools, the school was remodelled into a public school.[49][50] The curriculum was broadened to include non-classical subjects such as mathematics, drawing, German and French, as part of a trend seen in several schools including Marlborough College, Rossall, Wellington, Clifton and Richmond to establish modern departments where pupils would be allowed to omit learning Greek and follow a non-classical curriculum to fulfill the increasing demand for a "high" but less classical education.[49][51] A strict moral code was instilled, the chapel becoming the focal point of school life, a prefectorial system was implemented to encourage leadership and responsibility, and there was a greater focus on sport which was thought to foster team spirit and individual initiative, reflecting the prevailing belief in muscular Christianity among educationalists.[52]
The Schools Inquiry Commission (1864–1868), which examined endowed grammar schools under the chairmanship of Lord Taunton, reported that the school "gives the highest education in the county of Norfolk" and sent on average twice as many boys to university as all the other endowed schools in Norfolk each year.[53][54] The commissioners also praised the Commercial School, despite it facing competition from similar schools: "the extent of its usefulness and the soundness of its practical teaching, is second to none".[44][53] These reforms were accompanied by building expansion, such as the completion in 1860 of the Gothic Revival north wing of School House which contained a large dormitory for boarding pupils.[55] By 1872 there were 127 pupils, 91 of whom were boarders who were drawn from all over the south-east of England.[56] At the first meeting of the Headmasters' Conference in 1869 Jessopp represented Norwich School as one of the original thirteen members.[57] Although successful his efforts were hindered by the effects of agricultural depression as four-fifths of endowment income came from land, and the school ultimately thrived as a city day school.[44][50][58]
20th century to present
Extensive building development was completed in 1908, which included converting the chapel back to religious use, a redesigned School Lodge and a block of six classrooms designed by
Post-war reconstruction was assisted by the Dean and Chapter who leased further buildings in the Close and the
Boarding was phased out in 1989 and the buildings used for boarding, School House and the Bishop's Palace, were converted into teaching space.[71] Girls were admitted to the sixth form for the first time in 1994, ending nearly 900 years of single-sex education.[72][73] In 1999 the Daynes Sports Centre opened and the former gymnasium was converted into the Blake Drama Studio and two further laboratories. The same year the artists Cornford & Cross were commissioned by the Norwich Gallery to produce a series of sculptures beside the River Wensum. One of the works, Jerusalem, was installed on the school playing fields until July 2002. Part of the installation was later donated to the art department.[74] In 2008 new science laboratories opened on St Faiths Lane in the south section of the Close. The facilities include a seismometer which is part of the British Geological Survey's schools network.[75] That same year, the school began to admit girls below the sixth form for the first time, initially as young as age eleven. The next year, 2009, all school-age girls were eligible for admission.[72][76] An eighth house called Seagrim, named after distinguished ONs Derek and Hugh Seagrim, was created in 2009.[77] In 2011 the first female head of school in the school's history was chosen.[72] In late 2013 work began to extend the Lower School.[78] The extension of the Lower School was completed in 2018 when 4 changing rooms and a shower block had been converted into classrooms for roughly 60 pupils from Reception to Year 3. This has allowed pupils to enter the school at the age of 4 instead of 7. There are currently plans to build a new Refectory in the Senior School site to provide space for the evergrowing number of pupils at the school. There are plans in place for the old refectory (only meant to have been temporary when built) to be demolished and classrooms built in its place.[79]
Location and buildings
The school is principally located within the 44 acre (17.81 ha)
Chapel
The school chapel, located next to the Erpingham Gate and the west door of the cathedral in what was the west part of the cathedral cemetery,[82] was originally the chantry chapel and college of St John the Evangelist built in 1316 by John Salmon, Bishop of Norwich, who specified that;
... in this chapel we ordain that there shall be for ever four priests, and we decree that they shall celebrate for our souls and for the souls of our father and mother, Solomon and Amice, and for the souls of our predecessors and successors the Bishops of Norwich ... The said priests, however, in the buildings built by us next the Chapel for their use, shall dwell and remain eating and drinking together and living in common.[83]
Alternatively known as the Carnary chapel and college, the complex was originally formed of separate buildings which were later joined together. The entrance porch to the chapel was added between 1446 and 1472 during the episcopate of Walter Lyhart, Bishop of Norwich. The crypt beneath the chapel was used as a charnel house administered by the sacristan of the cathedral which stored the bones of people buried in the churches of the city to await resurrection, and the ocular windows of the chapel would allow visitors to view the charnel remains.[84] From 1421 to 1476 the crypt was also the location of the Wodehous chantry, established by Henry V at the request of John Wodehous, a veteran of the Battle of Agincourt.[21] The college was dissolved in 1547 during the English Reformation by the Abolition of Chantries Act before being purchased by the city in 1550, and used by the school shortly after. Until the 19th century the chapel was used as the main classroom, though it was not until 1908 the chapel returned to the role of religious assembly and 1940 when it was consecrated for use as a church, due to the cost of refurbishment.[85]
The chapel is constructed from stone with a plain tiled roof and comprises four bays above a four bay twin-aisled
Erpingham Gate and St Ethelbert's Gate
The Erpingham Gate is the primary entrance to the north section of the Close, directly opposite the west door of the cathedral. It was commissioned by
St Ethelbert's Gate is one of the entrances to the south section of the Close. The room above the gateway was originally a chapel dedicated to Saint Ethelbert the King and came to be used by the school in 1944.[62] It was used as an art room before its conversion into the Barbirolli music practice room, named after Lady Barbirolli, under Philip Stibbe's headship (1975–1984), a project financed by the Dyers.[91] A scheduled monument, the gateway was built in 1316 by the citizens of Norwich as penance for a riot in 1272 which damaged many of the priory buildings.[92][93] It was substantially restored in 1815 by William Wilkins, an Old Norvicensian, and underwent further renovations in 1964 which saw the stonework and carvings replaced under the supervision of Sir Bernard Feilden. Art historian Veronica Sekules describes the St Ethelbert's Gate as it was in the 14th century as "a highly decorative building presenting a façade rich in images, which the cathedral otherwise lacked. In a sense it would have operated as a principal façade and, in as far as one can glean from the remaining images, it communicated a strong message designating the gate as the opening to hallowed ground beyond."[93]
Nelson's statue
The Grade II listed statue of
Other buildings
School House, 70 The Close, was formerly part of the Carnary college but now contains classrooms and school offices. While much of the building dates to around 1830, extensive 14th and 15th century features remain such as the stone entrance archway. The building, which is Grade I listed, adjoins the Erpingham Gate and is three storeys high and has eight
The Bishop's Palace was built on the site of the former
The former private chapel of Edward Reynolds, Bishop of Norwich, was built in 1662 almost entirely at his own expense.[106] It replaced an earlier chapel which had been severely damaged by a mob during Bishop Hall's episcopate (1641–1656).[107] Constructed from stone with a plain tile roof, it annexes the Bishop's Palace. There is a coat of arms above the doorway but it is badly weathered.[108] The Grade II* listed building was previously used by the dean and chapter for the storage of records and came to be used as a library by the school under S. M. Andrews' headship (1967–75) following renovations funded by the Dyers.[109]
Organisation and administration
The school is divided into the Lower School, a
The headmaster is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference and is responsible to the
The school is
Here are the latest academic results:[124]
A-Level (2022): 65.64% A*-A
GCSE (2022): 80.70% 9-7
School life
Norwich Cathedral is used by the school on weekdays for morning assemblies and events throughout the academic year.
Curriculum
In Upper Four (
In the sixth form, pupils usually study four or five AS-level (the equivalent of half an
Academically, the school is one of the highest performing independent schools in the country.[132] In 2010, 2011 and 2012 The Daily Telegraph ranked its A-Level results as 93rd, 78th and 38th respectively among independent schools in the UK.[132][133] Almost all sixth form pupils go to university upon leaving the school.[120] Around 41 per cent enter courses in humanities and social sciences, 24 per cent in science and engineering, 15 per cent in arts subjects, 13 per cent in medicine, dentistry and veterinary science and 7 per cent in vocational subjects such as business, management, physiotherapy and sports science.[120] Large numbers of pupils gain entrance to "golden triangle", Russell Group and other top universities.[134]
The school also runs
Houses
The pastoral care of the school is organised by a house system, first implemented under the headship of W. F. Brown in 1912.[116] Pupils are allocated to one of the eight houses upon joining the Senior School, or one of the three houses in the Lower School, and stay with that house as they move up through the year groups. Each house is run by a housemaster, who is also an active member of the teaching staff. Each year group within a house, called a tutor group, is run by a tutor who monitors pupils' academic progress, general welfare and extra-curricular involvement. The tutor, who is the first point of contact for pastoral and academic matters, sees everyone in the tutor group daily for registration and weekly for a longer tutor period.[116] In the Lower School the houses are named after the historic gates of Norwich: Conisford, Heigham and Magdalen.[135] In the Senior School the houses are named after distinguished Old Norvicensians, Head Masters and benefactors of the school, with the exception of School house, and each is designated a colour:
- Brooke, formed in 1912, is named after Rajah of Sarawak.[136]
- Coke, formed in 1945, is named after the jurist Sir Edward Coke.[62]
- Nelson, formed in 1912, is named after Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson.[136]
- Parker, formed in 1912, is named after Matthew Parker, Archbishop of Canterbury who was a major benefactor of the school.[136][137]
- Repton, formed in 1975, is named after Humphry Repton, landscape gardener.[138]
- School owes name to its origins as a boarding house.[nb 3]
- Seagrim, formed in 2009, is named after Derek and Hugh Seagrim, who have the distinction as the only siblings to have been awarded the Victoria Cross and George Cross respectively.[139][140]
- Valpy, formed in 1962, is named after Edward Valpy, 19th-century headteacher.[62]
Traditions
Extracurricular activities
The school owns a gymnasium, a tennis court and two sports grounds, one in the Lower Close and the other just north of the city. The main sports for boys are
Nearly two-thirds of pupils play instruments or sing regularly in orchestras, bands and choirs, and around 26 music groups rehearse weekly at the school.
There are many societies reflecting pupils' interests, including creative writing, Thomas Browne (philosophy), politics, Amnesty International, conservation, and sewing societies.[120] Several societies have been operating under various guises since the end of the Second World War, such as the History, Chess and Film clubs.[154] In addition the Appeals Committee has been operating since 1964 to raise money in aid of good causes.[154]
The 8th Norwich
Notable people
Alumni
Past pupils of Norwich School are known as Old Norvicensians (ONs). Over the years the school has educated a number of notable figures, including
Staff
Headteachers, historically known as the "Master" and now as the "Head Master", have included
Old Norvicensian Society
ONs may join the Old Norvicensian Society, an association for former pupils. Predecessors in the 18th and 19th centuries include the Parrian Club, a dining society for former pupils of Samuel Parr's headship, and the Valpeian Club, after Edward Valpy. In 1866, the latter was replaced by The Norwich School Club which gave rise to the current association for former pupils, which emerged at the beginning of the 20th century.[187]
Racism scandal
In June 2020, an open letter was written by three former pupils, and signed by 264 pupils, ex-pupils and parents, calling on the school to implement changes after many experienced racial abuse. The letter details accounts of 35 staff and pupils' experiences of racism within the school, with perpetrators including staff and pupils.[188][189][190]
The female diversity officer, hired September 2020 in response to the above, resigned after only seven months in the role.[191]
References
- Notes
- Charity Commissionas "King Edward The Sixth Grammar School, Norwich" operating under the name of Norwich School. It has also been variously known throughout its history as Schola Regia Norvicensis, the "Free School", "Norwich Grammar School", “The strangers school” and "King Edward VI Grammar School at Norwich".
- ^ In 1288 Archbishop Peckham appointed Godfrey of Norton as master, and in 1369 Archbishop Whittlesey appointed William Bunting.[5]
- ^ In 19th-century boarding schools the boarding house which had the headteacher as its housemaster was traditionally called "the school house". Though the headteacher no longer functions as a housemaster, the name has persisted.[71]
- Footnotes
- ^ "Uniform List" (PDF). Norwich School. 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
- ^ Cundall 1920, p. 1.
- ^ Swinnerton 2005, p. 106.
- ^ Sanderson 2004, p. 295.
- ^ a b c d e Leach 1915, p. 168.
- ^ Cattermole 1991, p. 13.
- ^ Cattermole 1991, p. 25
- ^ a b c d e f g h Pound 2004, p. 59.
- ^ "STEWARD, Augustine (1491–1571), of Norwich, Norf". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Purcell Miller Tritton LLP (2009), St Andrew's and Blackfriars Hall: Conservation Management Plan, Norwich: Purcell Miller Tritton LLP, pp. 21–22
- ^ Cattermole 1991, p. 26.
- ^ "Chartered bodies". Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 43.
- ^ a b Leach 1915, p. 322.
- ^ Orme 2006, p. 306.
- ^ Cattermole 1991, p. 22.
- ^ General Synod of the Church of England 2007, pp. 82–3
- ^ Harries 1991, pp. 43–4.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 44.
- ^ a b c Blomefield 1806, pp. 55–62
- ^ a b c Gilchrist 2005, p. 105.
- ^ Walker, John (2012). "Heritage: 1096–1547 The Medieval School". Norwich School. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 45.
- ^ White 1836, p. 140.
- ^ Block 1929, p. 13
- ^ Boyer 2003, p. 13
- ^ Boyer 2003, p. 14
- ^ Block 1929, p. 10
- ^ Boyer 2003, p. 16
- ^ a b Harries 1991, pp. 47–8.
- ^ "Snap the Norwich Snapdragon". Retrieved 5 November 2013. Description of the Guild Day festivities in the early 18th century by Benjamin Mackerell, a local historian.
- ^ Ninham & Fitch 1861, p. xxv.
- ^ Williams 2003, p. 64.
- ^ Brooks 1979, p. lxvii.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 46.
- ^ a b c Cowie, Leonard W. (2004). "Parr, Samuel (1747–1825)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 November 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Derry 1966, p. 48.
- ^ Cundall 1920, p. 11.
- ^ Cundall 1920, pp. 1, 8.
- ^ a b Cundall 1920, pp. 7, 25–27, 30
- ^ a b "Norwich School of Artists". Norfolk Museums Service. Archived from the original on 12 September 2016. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
- ^ Cundall 1920, p. 17.
- ^ Cundall 1920, p. 30.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sanderson 2004, p. 307.
- ^ Wroth, W. W.; Smail, Richard (2004). "Valpy, Edward (1764–1832)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 November 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ a b c Harries, Cattermole & Mackintosh 1991, p. 227.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, pp. 76, 80.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 74.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 79.
- ^ a b J. R. H. Weaver; M. C. Curthoys (2004). "Jessopp, Augustus (1823–1914)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 30 October 2013. (subscription required)
- ^ Schools Inquiry Commission 1868, p. 189
- ^ Harries 1991, pp. 79, 82.
- ^ a b Schools Inquiry Commission 1868, p. 363
- ^ Ball 1979, p. 12.
- ^ Harries 1991, pp. 79–80.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 80.
- ^ Committee on Public Schools 1944, p. 29
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 88.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 101.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 107.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 112.
- ^ a b c d Harries 1991, p. 130.
- ^ Gilchrist 2005, p. 100
- ^ Pullinger, Stephen (9 November 2012). "Norwich School's Remembrance Day tribute". Norwich Evening News. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ Harries 1991, pp. 126, 131–135.
- ^ Pevsner & Wilson 1997, p. 224.
- ^ a b c d e "The Norwich School". The Worshipful Company of Dyers. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 129.
- ^ Harries 1991, pp. 130–131.
- ^ a b Gilchrist 2005, p. 149.
- ^ a b "School House". Norwich School. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ^ a b c "Barton Turf teenager is Norwich School's first female head of school". Eastern Daily Press. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
- ^ Pullinger, Stephen (15 September 2007). "Girls to be admitted at Norwich School". Eastern Daily Press. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
- ^ Cornford & Cross (2002). Where is the Work. Site Gallery and Sheffield Hallam University. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ^ "Station Details: NONO". British Geological Survey. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- ^ "Lord Nelson school to allow girls". London Evening Standard. 15 January 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
- ^ "Festal Evensong – Seagrim House". Norwich School. 9 December 2009. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ "Lower School Extension Work Begins". Norwich School. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ "planning application submitted for new state-of-the-art dining and teaching facilities". Norwich School. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ^ "Cathedral Close". Norwich Cathedral. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ a b "Lower School (archived page)". Norwich School. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^ Gilchrist 2005, pp. 34, 100.
- ^ a b Stephenson, Andrew. The Carnary College (King Edward VI School) (PDF). University of York. p. 88.
{{cite book}}
:|website=
ignored (help)[permanent dead link] - ^ Gilchrist 2005, pp. 34, 100, 105
- ^ Walker, John (2012). "The Victorian School". Norwich School. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ^ Norfolk Stained Glass. "King Edward VI School Chapel, Norwich". Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ Historic England. "Carnary Chapel (1051315)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Old Charnel House, The Close (1004026)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
- ^ Historic England. "Erpingham Gate (1003152)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ "Erpingham Gate". Recording Archive for Public Sculpture in Norfolk & Suffolk. 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 159.
- ^ Historic England. "St Ethelbert's Gate (1004028)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ^ a b "St Ethelbert's Gate". Recording Archive for Public Sculpture in Norfolk & Suffolk. 2006. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of Lord Nelson (1051332)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ The Victorian Web. "Biography: Thomas Milnes (1813–1888)". Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "Nelson". Recording Archive for Public Sculpture in Norfolk & Suffolk. 2006. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
- ^ Historic England. "70, The Close (1206438)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Historic England. "69, The Close (1051314)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ "The Buildings of the Close". Norwich Cathedral. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ Gilchrist 2005, p. 216.
- ^ Historic England. "71, THE CLOSE (1280207)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Gilchrist 2005, p. 143.
- ^ a b Gilchrist 2005, pp. 144–148.
- ^ Pevsner & Wilson 1997, p. 220.
- ^ "Norwich School Library". Norwich School Library. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- ^ Carter, C. Sydney (1944). "Edward Reynolds (1599–1676) – A Puritan Bishop" (PDF). Churchman. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
- ^ Chalmers, Alexander (1826). The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Edward Reynolds, Lord Bishop of Norwich. Vol. 1. B. Holdsworth. p. lxvi.
- ^ Historic England. "Bishop Renold's Chapel, The Close (1206255)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 145.
- ^ "ISC profile: Norwich School – The Lower School". Independent Schools Council. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
- ^ "Term dates". Norwich School. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ "King Edward The Sixth Grammar School, Norwich". Charity Commission. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ "Norwich School's Charitable Contribution" (PDF). Norwich School. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ Smithers, Alan; Robinson, Pamela (2008). "HMC Schools: A Quantitative Analysis" (PDF). Carmichael Press. p. 41. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ^ "Overview". Norwich School archived page. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- ^ a b c "Pastoral". Norwich School. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
- ^ a b "Governors". Norwich School. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ "Admissions process – Senior School". Norwich School. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- ^ "Admissions Process". Norwich School. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d "School details: Norwich". Guide to Independent Schools. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
- ^ Atherton 1996, p. 753.
- ^ "Fees". Norwich School. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ "Fees". Norwich School. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ Bryan (19 March 2024). "Explore Norwich School: Reviews, Rankings, Fees, And More". Britannia UK. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Tatler Schools Guide 2012 – Norwich School". Tatler Magazine. Condé Nast UK. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ "Ethos and Aims". Norwich School. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
- ^ Brace, Alison (12 January 2001). "We are not elitist, says public school leader". Times Educational Supplement Newspaper. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 163.
- ^ a b c d e f "Departments and curriculum". Norwich School. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Norwich School Sixth Form". Norwich School. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Community Service brochure" (PDF). Norwich School. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
- ^ a b "A-level results 2012: Independent school results table". The Daily Telegraph. London. 25 August 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
- ^ Payne, Sebastian (20 September 2011). "A-level results 2011: Independent schools". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
- ^ "University Applications". Norwich School. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
- ^ "Pastoral – Lower School". Norwich School. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^ a b c Harries 1991, p. 106.
- ^ Cattermole 1991, p. 18.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 158.
- ^ "Seagrim House". Norwich School. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-0747597414.
- ^ a b Sugden 2004, pp. 41–43
- ^ "Early life – Nelson, Trafalgar, and those who served". National Archives. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
- ^ BBC News (20 October 2010). "In pictures: Trafalgar Day celebrations in Norwich". Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, pp. 109–10.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 83.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 111.
- ^ "East Anglian League Cross Country Success". Norwich School. 25 March 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
- ^ Harries 1991, p. 139.
- ^ "Music Groups". Norwich School. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
- ^ "Music Tour". Norwich School. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
- ^ "Young Norfolk Arts Festival – About". Young Norfolk Arts Festival. 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ Knights, Emma (8 July 2013). "Inaugural Young Norfolk Arts Festival comes to a close with music and dance". Eastern Daily Press. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ Knights, Emma (21 June 2013). "Dame Judi Dench inspires pupils as she visits Norwich for Young Norfolk Arts Festival launch". Eastern Daily Press. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
- ^ a b Harries 1991, p. 138.
- ^ "8th Norwich Sea Scout Group". 8th Norwich Sea Scouts and Octavi Explorer Scout Unit. Archived from the original on 21 December 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^ "Benefits of RN recognition". The Scout Association. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
- ^ Norwich School, Parents' Handbook, pp. 29–30
- ^ "8th Norwich Sea Scouts Celebrate 90 years!". Norwich School. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
- ^ Boyer 2003, pp. 12–16.
- ^ a b Dutt 2012, p. 146.
- ^ Carlisle 1818, p. 187.
- ^ Abrams, Fran (12 June 1999). "Comment: The Tory Party piranha". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
- ^ Tozer 2012, p. 168.
- ^ "Joe Farman". The Telegraph. London. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
- ^ "University of Oxford Dept. of Zoology". Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ "Professor Oliver Rackham, historical ecologist, obituary". Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ Mackintosh 1991, pp. 209–215.
- ^ Dictionary of Art Historians. "Banham, [Peter] Reyner, "Peter"". Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ^ Mackintosh 1991, p. 218.
- ^ Knighton, C. S. (2004). "Hoadly, Samuel (1643–1705)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 October 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Field, William (1828). Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Opinions of the Rev. Samuel Parr, LL.D. H. Colburn. pp. 122–123.
- ^ Cooper, Charles Henry (1861). Memorials of Cambridge. Vol. 2. William Metcalfe. p. 303.
- ^ Luard, H. R.; Smail, Richard (2004). "Kidd, Thomas (1770–1850)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 October 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Tancock, O. W. Tancock; Skedd, S. J. (2004). "Lemon, George William (1726–1797)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 October 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Serle, Percival (1949). "Woolley, John". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
- ^ "Obituary: Canon Augustus Jessopp (transcription)". The Times. No. 40446. 13 February 1914. p. 9; col F. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ "TANCOCK, Rev. Osborne William". Who Was Who (online, Oxford University Press ed.). A. & C. Black. 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ^ "ACLAND, Rev. Theodore William Gull". Who Was Who (online, Oxford University Press ed.). A. & C. Black, 1920–2007. 2007. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
- )
- ^ Garnett, Richard; Falvey, J. (2004). "Hoadly, John (1678–1746)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 October 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. .
- ^ Burns, Arthur (2004). "Stebbing, Henry (1799–1883)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 October 2013. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ "Ampthill and District News". Chophill History. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
- ^ Cundall 1920, pp. 1, 11.
- ISBN 978-0-14-044420-9.
- ^ "Dr David Farr". Norwich School. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
- ^ Mackintosh 1991, p. 225.
- ^ "Norwich School hit by racism allegations in letter". BBC News. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "More than 200 pupils highlight racism issues at top private school". EDP24. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
- ^ "Experiences of racism at Norwich School, part of the open letter sent to Norwich School". google docs. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- ^ "Diversity officer leaves Norwich School after less than a year". Norwich Evening News. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
- Bibliography
- Atherton, Ian (1996). Norwich Cathedral: Church, City, and Diocese, 1096–1996. London: Hambledon Press. ISBN 978-1-85285-134-7.
- Ball, Frank (1979). "The Taunton Commission, and the Maintenance of the Classical Curriculum in the Grammar Schools". Journal of Educational Administration and History. 2 (11): 8. .
- Block, Herman (1929). Edward Coke, oracle of the law. Houghton Mifflin Co. OCLC 560680.
- )
- Boyer, Allen (2003). Sir Edward Coke and the Elizabethan Age. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4809-4.
- Brooks, Harold F. (1979). The Arden Shakespeare "A Midsummer Nights Dream". Methuen & Co. Ltd. ISBN 978-0-415-02699-4.
- Carlisle, Nicholas (1818). A Concise Description of the Endowed Grammar Schools in England. Baldwin, Craddock & Joy. OCLC 3715065.
- Cattermole, Paul (1991). "Schools in Mediaeval and Early Tudor Norwich". A History of Norwich School: King Edward VI Grammar School at Norwich. Norwich: Friends of Norwich School. ISBN 978-0-9518561-1-6.
- Committee on Public Schools (1944). The Public Schools and the General Educational System: Report of the Committee on Public Schools appointed by the President of the Board of Education in July 1942. H. M. Stationery Off. OCLC 3715174. Archived from the originalon 19 April 2015.
- Cundall, H. M. (1920). Holme, Geoffrey C. (ed.). The Norwich School. London, Paris, New York: The Studio Ltd. OCLC 1356134.
- Derry, Warren (1966). Dr Parr: A Portrait of the Whig Dr Johnson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821344-4.
- Dutt, W. A. (2012). Norfolk. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-65877-6.
- General Synod of the Church of England (2007). "Cathedrals: An Historical Note". Talent and Calling: A Review of the Law and Practice Regarding Appointments to the Offices of Suffragan Bishop, Dean, Archdeacon and Residentiary Canon (PDF). Church of England. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-84383-173-0.
- Harries, Richard (1991). "King Edward VI's Foundation". A History of Norwich School: King Edward VI Grammar School at Norwich. Norwich: Friends of Norwich School. ISBN 978-0-9518561-1-6.
- ISBN 978-1-135-03106-0.
- Mackintosh, Peter (1991). "Distinguished Pupils of the School and the Old Boys' Clubs". A History of Norwich School: King Edward VI Grammar School at Norwich. Friends of Norwich School. ISBN 978-0-9518561-1-6.
- Ninham, John; Fitch, Robert (1861). Views of the Gates of Norwich Made in the Years 1792-3 by the Late John Ninham. Cundall, Miller and Leavins. OCLC 19923876.
- ISBN 978-0-300-11102-6.
- ISBN 978-0-300-09607-1.
- Pound, John (2004). "Government to 1660". In Rawcliffe, Carole; Wilson, Richard (eds.). Norwich Since 1550. Continuum Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85285-450-8.
- OCLC 3493577.
- Sanderson, Michael (2004). "Education since 1750". In Rawcliffe, Carole; Wilson, Richard (eds.). Norwich Since 1550. Continuum Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85285-450-8.
- Schools Inquiry Commission (1868). Report of the Commissioners. H. M. Stationery Off. OCLC 277873806.
- OCLC 4143800.
- Sugden, John (2004). Nelson: A Dream of Glory. Henry Holt and Co. ISBN 978-0-8050-7757-5.
- Swinnerton, Jo (2005). The History of Britain Companion. Robson. ISBN 978-1-86105-914-7.
- Tozer, Malcolm (2012). Physical Education and Sport in Independent Schools. John Catt Educational. ISBN 978-1-908095-44-2.
- White, William (1836). History, Gazetteer and, Directory, of Norfolk, and the City of Norwich. R. Leader. OCLC 25166377.
- Williams, Penry (2003). "Social Tensions Contained". In Smith, David L.; Strier, Richard; Bevington, David (eds.). The Theatrical City: Culture, Theatre and Politics in London, 1576–1649. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52615-9.
Further reading
- Harries, R.; Cattermole, P.; Mackintosh, P. (1991). A History of Norwich School: King Edward VI Grammar School at Norwich. Friends of Norwich School. ISBN 978-0-9518561-1-6.
- Saunders, H. W. (1932). A History of the Norwich Grammar School. Jarrold & Sons. OCLC 253317496.
External links