Odanak
Odanak | |
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450 | |
Access Routes[5] | R-132 R-226 |
Odanak is an
History
Beginning about 1000 CE,
Their disappearance by 1600 is believed to be due to attacks and decimation from the
As French
They were driven out of the area by Europeans in 1690 sometime after
Odanak was first established in the year 1700. While traveling along the banks of the St François river the Jesuit Priest Jacques Bigot made the decision to relocate the Jesuit mission “La Mission de Saint François de Sale” that was established in 1684 at the mouth of the Chaudière river to the banks of the St Francois river following years of successive crop failure due to agricultural overexploitation.
In 1704 the French King
In the summer of 1711 Odanak was temporarily abandoned due to the threats posed by Admiral Walker's and Colonel Nicholson's planned assault on Quebec City. The male Abenaki warriors of the village were called up to Quebec to take part in the defence of the city while the woman and children were temporarily relocated to Trois-Rivières and Montréal. Following the failure and withdrawal of Admiral Walker's fleet the Abenakis would once again return to Odanak.[12]
In 1706 the village was moved from its original location on the north-eastern bank of the St Francois river downstream, near the current location of Pierreville in order to accommodate a growing population. In 1715 the village would be relocated once more. This time moving further downstream to the site of its current location situated high upon the bank of the St. Francois river to protect against seasonal flooding.[13]
Following the conclusion of “Dummers War” in 1724, Odanak would be further reinforced by the arrival of a contingent of 300 Abenaki warriors and their families from the Narransouac and Pentagouet missions in Maine.
On October 4, 1759, Odanak was sacked and destroyed by a contingent of 200 men under the command of Major
Demographics
Population
Population estimates prior to 1759 are difficult due to the loss of records associated with the raid conducted by Major Rogers on October 4, 1759.
Population trend:[16]
Census | Population | Change (%) |
---|---|---|
2021 | 481 | 7.1% |
2016 | 449 | 1.6% |
2011 | 457 | 2.6% |
2006 | 469 | 10.4% |
2001 | 425 | 8.4% |
1996 | 392 | 17.7% |
1991 | 333 | 27.1% |
1986 | 262 | 14.9% |
1981 | 228 | 0% |
1976 | 228 | 6% |
1971 | 215 | 10% |
1966 | 239 | 10.6% |
1961 | 216 | 13.6% |
1956 | 250 | 11.1% |
1951 | 225 | 26.9% |
1941 | 308 | 2.2% |
1931 | 315 | 7.9% |
1921 | 342 | N/A |
1749 | 200 warriors + families[17] | N/A |
1711 | 260 warriors + families[18] or 300 inhabitants + 260 warriors[19] | N/A |
1698 | 335 (census of mission prioer to relocation) | N/A |
Language
Mother tongue language (2021)[20]
Language | Population | Pct (%) |
---|---|---|
French only | 435 | 90.6% |
English only | 35 | 7.3% |
Both English and French | 5 | 1% |
Other languages | 5 | 1% |
Arts and culture
Odanak is the site of the Musée des Abénakis (Abenaki Museum), dedicated to the history, culture and art of the
Education
In 2011, the only First Nations CEGEP in Québec opened its doors in Odanak.
Notable people
- Alanis Obomsawin (born 1932), filmmaker, musician, singer[22]
- Christine Sioui-Wawanoloath, writer and artist living in Quebec[23]
- silent film actor Dark Cloud[24]
- Alexis Wawanoloath, member of National Assembly of Quebec[25]
- Mali Obomsawin, musician, community organizer
See also
References
- ^ "Banque de noms de lieux du Québec: Reference number 45182". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
- ^ a b Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire: Odanak
- ^ "Parliament of Canada Federal Riding History: BAS-RICHELIEU--NICOLET--BÉCANCOUR (Quebec)". Archived from the original on 2009-06-09. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
- ^ a b 2021 Statistics Canada Census Profile: Odanak
- ^ Official Transport Quebec Road Map
- ^ a b James F. Pendergast. (1998). "The Confusing Identities Attributed to Stadacona and Hochelaga", Journal of Canadian Studies, Volume 32, pp. 149-156, accessed 3 Feb 2010
- ^ Day, Gordon M. The identity of the Saint Francis Indians. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada,1981.p.5.
- ^ Treyvaud, Geneviève and Michel Plourde. The Abenakis of Odanak, an Archaeological Journey. Quebec: Marquis, 2017.p.45.
- ^ Charland, Thomas Marie. Histoire des Abénakis d'Odanak (1675-1937). Montréal: Éditions du Lévrier, 1964. p.23.
- ^ Treyvaud, Geneviève and Michel Plourde. The Abenakis of Odanak, an Archaeological Journey. Quebec: Marquis, 2017.p.86.
- ^ Haefeli, Evan, and Kevin Sweeney Captors and captives: the 1704 French and Indian raid on Deerfield. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press,2003.p.7.
- ^ Charland, Thomas Marie. Histoire des Abénakis d'Odanak (1675-1937). Montréal: Éditions du Lévrier, 1964. p.51.
- ^ Day, Gordon M. The identity of the Saint Francis Indians. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada,1981.p.35.
- ^ Treyvaud, Geneviève and Michel Plourde. The Abenakis of Odanak, an Archaeological Journey. Quebec: Marquis, 2017.p.50.
- ^ Day, Gordon M. The identity of the Saint Francis Indians. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada,1981.p.42.
- 2021census
- ^ Day, Gordon M. The identity of the Saint Francis Indians. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada,1981.p.41.
- ^ Treyvaud, Geneviève and Michel Plourde. The Abenakis of Odanak, an Archaeological Journey. Quebec: Marquis, 2017.p.48.
- ^ Sévigny, Andrée. Les Abénaquis: habitat et migrations, 17e et 18e siècles. Montréal: Bellarmin, 1976
- ^ 2021 Statistics Canada Community Profile: Odanak
- ^ National Film Board of Canada
- ISBN 9781442663374.
- ^ "Christine Sioui Wawanoloath" (in French). Terres en vues/Land InSights. Archived from the original on 2016-08-13.
- JSTOR 533199.
- ^ "Biography of Alexis Wawanoloath". Dictionnaire des parlementaires du Québec de 1792 à nos jours (in French). National Assembly of Quebec.
- ^ Canada, Supreme Court of (2001-01-01). "Supreme Court of Canada - Biography - Michelle O'Bonsawin". www.scc-csc.ca. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
- ^ Boisvert, Nick (19 Aug 2022). "Michelle O'Bonsawin becomes 1st Indigenous person nominated to Supreme Court of Canada". CBC News. Retrieved 19 Aug 2022.
External links
- Conseil des Abénakis d'Odanak, official website
- Waban-Aki Nation, Quebec
- (in French) Abenaki Museum, Odanak, Quebec
- Map of Odanak (Google Maps)