Offertory
The offertory (from Medieval Latin offertorium and Late Latin offerre)[1] is the part of a Eucharistic service when the bread and wine for use in the service are ceremonially placed on the altar.
A collection of alms (offerings) from the congregation, which may take place also at non-Eucharistic services, often coincides with this ceremony.[2][3]
The Eucharistic theology may vary among those Christian denominations that have a liturgical offertory.
In the Roman Rite, the term "Preparation of the Gifts"[4] is used in addition to the term "Offertory"[5] (both capitalized) or, rather, the term "Preparation of the Gifts" is used for the action of the priest, while the term "Offertory" is used for the section of the Mass at which this action is performed in particular when speaking of the accompanying chant.[6]
In
Offertory hymns are often sung during preparation and collection.
Liturgical action
In the Roman Rite, the offertory is the first part of the
There are variations in other rites. For instance, in the Dominican Rite a single prayer was said at the offertory over the bread and wine, which have already been prepared on the altar at an earlier part of the Mass.[9]
In the Byzantine Rite, there is a short offertory at the same point as in the Roman Rite. A more elaborate ceremonial, the Liturgy of Preparation, takes place before the public part of the celebration of the Divine Liturgy.[8]
Music
In the Roman Rite, the procession bringing the gifts is accompanied by the Offertory Chant, and singing may accompany the offertory even if there is no procession.
The 1662 Book of Common Prayer of the Church of England includes "offertory sentences" that are to be read at this point. Current practice in Anglican churches favours the singing of a congregational hymn (the "offertory hymn") or an anthem sung by the choir, and often both. In some churches music at the offertory is provided by an organist.
The offertory hymn in the Latin Mass for the Dead (Requiem) is "Domine Iesu Christe ". It has been set by many composers.
"Herr, wir bringen in Brot und Wein" (Lord, we bring in bread and wine) is a 1970 offertory hymn in German, based on a Dutch text. Another hymn in that style is "Alle Menschen höret auf dies neue Lied", written in Dutch in 1966 and translated into German in 1972. Also in 1972, Lothar Zenetti wrote the hymn "Das eine Brot wächst auf vielen Halmen". In 2009, Raymund Weber wrote a German text, "Nimm, o Gott, die Gaben, die wir bringen", to a melody from Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Jesus Christ Superstar.
Collection of alms
In traditional forms of Christianity, a tithe (the first tenth of one's income) is seen as what is owed to God, while alms (offerings) are anything contributed beyond that.[2][3] During the offertory or immediately before it, a collection of money or other gifts for the poor or for the church is taken up.
In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, these may be brought forward together with the bread and wine, but they are not to be placed on the altar.[10]
In many
See also
- Mite box – box used to collect offerings in some Christian churches
- Saisen – coin boxes in Japanese temples and shrines
- Tithe – a periodic donation to a church, originally ten percent of one's income
References
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4412-6328-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9546809-6-1.
- ^ General Instruction of the Roman Missal (GIRM), 33, 43, 72-77, 214
- ^ GIRM, 37, 43, 74, 118, 139, 142, 367
- ^ General Instruction of the Roman Missal (GIRM), 43
- ^ GIRM, 72–77
- ^ a b c Adrian Fortescue, "Offertory", in The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1911
- ^ The Dominican Rite
- ^ a b General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 73
External links
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 16. .