Olivia Langdon Clemens
Olivia Langdon Clemens | |
---|---|
Born | Olivia Iona Louise Langdon November 27, 1845 Elmira, New York, U.S. |
Died | June 5, 1904 Florence, Kingdom of Italy | (aged 58)
Resting place | Woodlawn Cemetery |
Spouse | |
Children | Langdon Clemens Susy Clemens Clara Clemens Jean Clemens |
Olivia Langdon Clemens (November 27, 1845 – June 5, 1904) was the wife of the American author Samuel Langhorne Clemens, better known under his pen name Mark Twain.
Early life
Olivia Langdon was born in 1845 in Elmira, New York, to Jervis Langdon and Olivia Lewis Langdon. Her childhood home from 1847 to 1862 was the building at what is now 413 Lake Street. Jervis was a very wealthy coal businessman. The family was religious, reformist, and abolitionist. Olivia, called Livy, was educated by a combination of home tutoring and classes at Thurston's Female Seminary and Elmira Female College. Her health was poor. She was an invalid for part of her teenage years (about six years), and she suffered from what was probably tuberculosis myelitis or Pott's disease. She continued to have health problems throughout her life.
Courtship and wedding
Langdon met Samuel Clemens in December 1867, through her brother Charles, then a passenger aboard Clemens's
: 321Life after wedding
Olivia and Samuel moved to Buffalo, New York, where they lived in a house purchased for them by Olivia's father, Jervis Langdon. Life was difficult for them at first. Jervis died of cancer in August, followed a month later by Olivia's friend Emma Nye, who died in the Clemens' home. Their first child, Langdon Clemens, was born in November but was premature. Olivia contracted typhoid fever and became very ill. The Clemens family then moved to Elmira, so that Olivia's family could watch over her and Langdon.
In 1871, the family moved again, to
Langdon, their son, died in 1872, a year and a half after his birth. Three daughters were born: Olivia Susan (called "Susy") in 1872, Clara in 1874, and Jean (born "Jane") in 1880.[2]: 652
The family left for Europe in 1891 and lived there for four years. This was mainly prompted by financial need—Samuel's investments in a publishing company and the Paige Compositor lost money, and the family's expenses were catching up with them. They permanently closed up the Hartford house and spent the four years in various temporary accommodations. In 1894, Samuel was forced to declare bankruptcy. Olivia was given "preferred creditor" status, and all Samuel's copyrights were assigned to her. These measures saved the family's financial future.
Olivia helped her husband with the editing of his books, articles, and lectures. She was a "faithful, judicious, and painstaking editor", Clemens wrote. This was one of the things that Livy had on her list of things to do, and she prided herself in helping her husband to edit these works. However, she could be critical of him at times. She continued to help her husband to edit works up until a few months before her death.[2]: 359
Olivia was also a proponent of women's rights, and surrounded herself with influential women including Julia Beecher and Isabella Beecher Hooker.[4]
In 1895 and 1896, Olivia and her daughter, Clara, accompanied Samuel on his around-the-world lecture tour, which he undertook to pay off his debts. In 1896, their daughter Susy, who had remained at home in the US, died of spinal meningitis at age 24, a devastating blow to both Olivia and her husband. The family lived in
But scarcely six months later, on June 5 1904, Olivia died in Florence from heart failure. She was cremated, and her ashes are interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira. Samuel, who was devastated by her death, died in 1910; he is interred beside her.[5]
Legacy
- Mrs. Clemens was one of the founders of the Hartford Art School which later became part of the University of Hartford.
- A bronze statue of Mrs. Clemens stands on the campus of Elmira College. The 600-pound (270 kg) statue, by Gary Weisman of Newfield, New York, was a gift of the Class of 2008.[6]
- A fictionalized version of Olivia appears in Philip Jose Farmer's Riverworldseries.
References
- ^ Gunderman, Richard (12 February 2018). "Mark Twain's adventures in love: How a rough-edged aspiring author courted a beautiful heiress". The Conversation. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-520-26719-0.
- ^ "Stowe's Hartford Neighborhood, Nook Farm". Harriet Beecher Stowe Center. Archived from the original on 2017-07-04.
- ^ "Livy Clemens & Mark Twain's Moment of Enlightenment". 2017-03-15. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
- ^ "Olivia "Livy" Langdon Clemens – Mark Twain House". Mark Twain House. Retrieved 2018-09-08.
- ^ "The Olivia Langdon Statue". Center for Mark Twain Studies. Center for Mark Twain Studies. Retrieved 16 July 2019.
External links
- Olivia Langdon Clemens ALS to Publisher Walter Bliss, 1898 Shapell Manuscript Foundation
- Biography of Olivia at Mark Twain Project Online
- Biographies of Olivia and her daughters at the Wayback Machine (archived October 28, 2009)
- Information on Olivia at Twaintimes.net