Onomasticon (Eusebius)

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Eusebius

The Onomasticon (

Caesarea
.

The Onomasticon sits uneasily between the ancient genres of geography and

Roman period.[2][3][4]

Background

Eusebius's description of his own method, who wrote: "I shall collect the entries from the whole of the divinely inspired Scriptures, and I shall set them out grouped by their initial letters so that one may easily perceive what lies scattered throughout the text,"[5] implies that he had no similar type of book to work from; his work being entirely original, based only on the text of the Bible.[6] Others have suggested that Eusebius had at his disposal early Roman maps of the Roman Empire with which to work, and which allowed him to record the precise distances between locations in Roman miles.[7] Needless to say, this innovation has been very useful to modern research. Of the approximate 980 Biblical and New Testament names of places contained in those works, Eusebius identifies some 340 with locations known in his own day and age.

The primary source for the Onomasticon is Codex Vaticanus, Gr. 1456 which dates from the 11th or 12th century. Erich Klostermann published a scholarly eclectic edition of the manuscript in 1904, using in addition four other manuscripts. Dependent upon the Codex Vaticanus manuscript is Codex Parisinus Gr 464 which dates from the 16th century. These two manuscripts were edited and published by Lagarde in 1870.

Eusebius organizes his entries into separate categories according to their first letters. The entries for Joshua under Tau, for example, read as follows:[8]

Tina (Kinah, 15:22): of the tribe of Judah.

Telem (15:24): of the tribe of Judah.
Tessam ([Azem] 15:29): of the tribe of Judah.

Tyre ([Zer] 19:35): of the tribe of Naphthali.

Under each letter, the entries are organized first by the book they are found in, and then by their place in that book. In almost all of the entries in his geographical opus, Eusebius brings down the respective distances in Roman "

Ptolemais, Caesarea, etc. In Eusebius's Onomasticon, distances between each "milestone" were usually 1,600 meters–1,700 meters, although the standard Roman mile was 1,475 meters. Since most villages in the Onomasticon are far removed from Roman-built roads, scholars have concluded that Eusebius did not glean the geographical information from maps based on a milestone survey, but rather collected the information from some other source.[9]

Where there is a contemporary town at the site or nearby, Eusebius notes it in the corresponding entry. "

Terebinth", for example, describes Shechem as "near Neapolis", modern Nablus, and "Tophet" is located "in the suburbs of Jerusalem".[8]

Date

The Onomasticon has traditionally been dated before 324, on the basis of its sparse references to Christianity, and complete absence of remarks on Constantine the Great's buildings in the Holy Land. The work also describes traditional religious practices at the oak of Mamre as though they were still happening, while they are known to have been suppressed soon after 325, when a church was built on the site.[10] Eusebius references the encampment of the Legio X Fretensis at Aila (in southern Israel, near modern Aqaba and Eilat); the X Fretensis was probably transferred from Jerusalem to Aila under Diocletian (r. 284–305).[11]

Jerome provided a Latin translation of Eusebius's Onomasticon, which Jerome translated in 388 while living in Bethlehem.[12][13] Jerome's Latin edition includes various designations, based on the different manuscripts available to him. This Latin version of Eusebius's Onomasticon became the main source for research of Israel in the west.[12] The edition published by Paul de Lagarde includes the Latin work compiled by Jerome under the title, Hieronymi de Situ et Nominibus Locorum Hebraicorum Liber ("Jerome's Book on the Location and Names of Hebrew Places").[12]

Language

Eusebius compiled his work in

Beit Shean, Diocaesarea for Sepphoris, Philadelphia for Amman, and Ptolemais for Acco
.

Demographics

The complete demographic diversity of

En-Gedi, Eshtemoh, Hormah, Thalca, Juttah,[15] Nineveh [sic],[16] Naarah, and Carmel (mentioned incidentally to Ziph); one a Samaritan village: Tirzah (Thersila) in Batanaea;[17] and two Christian settlements: Anaea and Jattir.[18] The town Debir [sic], being "Dabeira on Mount Thabor, in the borders of Diocaesarea" in Lower Galilee had a sizable Jewish population.[18][19]

Editions

  • Wolf, Carl Umhau (1971). Eusebius of Caesarea, Onomasticon (
    OCLC 70198933
    )
  • Eusebius. F. Larsow & G. Parthey (ed.). Eusebii Pamphili Episcopi Caesariensis Onomasticon : urbium et locorum Sacrae Scripturae (in Greek and Latin).
  • OCLC 6826073
    .     (2nd ed. 1887; reprinted in Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1966)
(In this edition the Greek and Latin texts do not appear in parallel but in succession: first Latin, then Greek. The editor provides the material with references to biblical and other sources, without introductory notes and commentary)
(The first critical edition of the Onomasticon)
(Provides an English translation both of the Greek text by Eusebius and of the Latin translation by Jerome)
(A triglott edition - in Greek, Latin, and English, with notes and commentary)

References

  1. ^ Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 106.
  2. ISBN 978-965-220-500-1
    .
  3. ^ R. Steven Notley and Ze'ev Safrai, Eusebius, Onomasticon - A Triglott Edition with Notes and Commentary, Introduction
  4. ISBN 978-0-19-160867-4
    . A verbal map of Palestine, the Onomasticon ... Basically a scholarly venture, the Onomasticon's Palestine was a recreation of the biblical promised land occasionally brought up to date.
  5. ^ Onomasticon p. 2.14ff., qtd. and tr. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 107.
  6. ^ Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 106–7.
  7. ^ Yoel Elitzur, Ancient Toponyms in Eretz-Israel as Preserved among the Arabs - The Linguistic Aspects, Hebrew University: Jerusalem 1992, Introduction
  8. ^ a b Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 107.
  9. doi:10.30861/9780860541721
  10. ^ Barnes, "Onomasticon", 413.
  11. ^ Barnes, "Onomasticon", 413 n. 4.
  12. ^
    OCLC 761216587
    .
  13. ISBN 978-1-57506-083-5
  14. OCLC 937002750
    .
  15. ^ Eusebius, Onomasticon - The Place Names of Divine Scripture, (ed.) R. Steven Notley & Ze'ev Safrai, Brill: Leiden 2005, p. 104 (§545)
  16. OCLC 937002750
    .
  17. JSTOR 23509675
    .
  18. ^
    OCLC 927381934
    .
  19. OCLC 937002750
    .

External links
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