Operation IA Feature
Operation IA Feature, a covert
Ford told
USD $6 million in funding. He granted an additional $8 million in funding on July 27 and another $25 million in August.[1]
Criticism
Two days prior to the program's approval
Communist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), refuse to take sides in factional fighting, or increase support for the FNLA and UNITA. He warned however that supporting UNITA would not sit well with Mobutu Sese Seko, the ruler of Zaire.[1][4]
Clark Amendment
Dick Clark, a Democratic Senator from Iowa, who went on a fact-finding mission in Africa, proposed an amendment to the Arms Export Control Act, barring aid to private groups engaged in military or paramilitary operations in Angola. The Senate passed the bill, voting 54-22 on December 19, 1975 and the House of Representatives passed the bill, voting 323-99 on January 27, 1976.[2] Even after the Clark Amendment became law, then-Director of Central Intelligence, George H. W. Bush, refused to concede that all U.S. aid to Angola had ceased.[5][6] According to foreign affairs analyst Jane Hunter, Israel stepped in as a proxy arms supplier
for the United States after the Clark Amendment took effect.
References
- ^ a b c Andrew, Christopher M. For the President's Eyes Only: Secret Intelligence and the American Presidency from Washington to Bush, 1995. Page 412.
- ^ a b Richard H. Immerman and Athan G. Theoharis. The Central Intelligence Agency: Security Under Scrutiny, 2006. Page 325.
- ^ Brown, Seyom. The Faces of Power: Constancy and Change in United States Foreign Policy from Truman to Clinton, 1994. Page 303.
- ^ Jussi Hanhimäki. The Flawed Architect: Henry Kissinger and American Foreign Policy, 2004. Page 408.
- ^ Koh, Harold Hongju (1990). The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power After the Iran-Contra Affair. Yale University Press.p. 52
- ^ Fausold, Martin L.; Alan Shank (1991). The Constitution and the American Presidency. SUNY Press. Pages 186-187.