Military Order of Aviz
Military Order of Aviz Ordem Militar de Avis | |
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Order of Christ | |
Next (lower) | Military Order of Saint James of the Sword |
Decorations of the Order |
The Military Order of Saint Benedict of Aviz (
Early history
The order, as a monastic military order, was founded in emulation of such military orders as the
After the conquest of
At the death of
The mission of the military orders in Portugal seemed to end after the overthrow of Muslim domination, but the Portuguese expeditions across the sea opened up a new field for them. The
This enthusiasm did not last, and the Crusade in Africa continued as a mercantile enterprise. After the grand mastership of the order had been vested in the King in perpetuity (1551), he availed himself of its income to reward any kind of service in the army or the fleet. If the wealth of the Knights of Aviz was not as great as that of the Knights of Christ, it was still quite large, drawn as it was from some forty-three commanderies. The religious spirit of the knights vanished, and they withdrew from their clerical brothers who continued alone the conventual life. They were dispensed from their vow of celibacy by Alexander VI (1502), who tolerated their marriage to prevent scandalous concubinage; Julius III (1551) allowed them to dispose freely of their personal properties. Nobility of birth remained the chief requirement of aspirants to the mantle, a requirement confirmed by a decree of 1604.
Secularization of the order
In 1910, when the
The Military Order of Aviz, together with the Military Orders of
- Army Captains and Navy Lieutenants: Knight
- Majors and Lieutenant-Commanders: Officer
- Lieutenant Colonels and Commanders: Commander
- Colonels, Brigadiers, Navy Captains and Rear Admirals (US RADM, Commodore/US RDML being a virtually non-existing rank in the Portuguese Navy): Grand Officer
- Major Generals, Lieutenant Generals, Generals, Vice-Admirals and Admirals: Grand Cross.[3]
However, a number of further provisions in the regulations of the order allow for exceptions to this general rule.
Grades
The Order of Aviz, as awarded by the Portuguese government today, comes in five classes:
- Grand Cross (GCA), which wears the badge of the Order on a sash on the right shoulder, and the star of the Order in gold on the left chest;
- Grand Officer (GOA), which wears the badge of the Order on a necklet, and the star of the Order in gold on the left chest;
- Commander (ComA), which wears the badge of the Order on a necklet, and the star of the Order in silver on the left chest;
- Officer (OA), which wears the badge of the Order on a ribbon with rosette on the left chest;
- Knight (CvA) or Dame (DmA), which wears the badge of the Order on a plain ribbon on the left chest.
A sixth class, Grand Collar (GColA), outranking all previous, was introduced in 2021.[4][5]
Ribbon Bars of the Military Order of Aviz | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Collar | Grand Cross | Grand Officer | Commander | Officer | Knight |
Insignia
- The badge of the Order is a gilt cross with green enamel, similar to the Order's emblem illustrated here, but with a longer lower arm. During the monarchy the badge was topped by the Sacred Heart of Christ.
- The star of the Order is an eight-pointed, faceted star, in gilt for Grand Cross and Grand Officer, and in silver for Commander. The central disc is in white enamel, with a miniature of the modern badge in it. During the monarchy the Sacred Heart of Christ was placed at the top of the star.
- The ribbon of the Order is plain green.
Selected recipients
- Captain James Yeo, Royal Navy 1809[6]
- Roberto Ivens, 1895.[7]
- David Legge Brainard, American arctic explorer and Army officer[8]
- Richard E. Byrd, American polar explorer and aviator
- 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma
- Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- Charles, Prince of Wales (then Charles III)
- Hesketh Hesketh-Prichard, British Army Officer
- James L Jones, 2006[9]
- Lieutenant General Baron Albert du Roy de Blicquy.
See also
- Honorific orders of Portugal
Notes
- ^ Livro velho das linhagens de Portugal, in Provas da história geneaógica da casa real portuguesa Tome I, D. António Caetano de Sousa Coimbra, 1946 p. 197 "D. Gonçalo Viegas o primeiro Mestre q ouve em Aviz"
- ^ Regulamento das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas, Capítulo IV, Artigo 35o, no 1 ― a),b),c)
- ^ Regulamento das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas, Capítulo IV, Artigo 36o, Artigo 37o
- ^ "Decreto-Lei n.º 55/2021 de 29 de junho". Diário da República (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ "Governo aprova integração da Ordem de Camões na Lei das Ordens Honoríficas" [Government approves the inclusion of the Order of Camões into the Law of the Honorific Orders]. Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ISBN 9781855329812.
- ^ Presidencia da Republica, Chancelaria das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas. Anuário: Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas, Ciadadãos Estrangeiros, 1910-2006, p. 75. Archived 2008-03-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "ENTIDADES ESTRANGEIRAS AGRACIADAS COM ORDENS PORTUGUESAS - Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas".
- ^ "Eesti Ekspress / President Ilves vähendas medalisadu ligi kolm korda". Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
References
For Documents:
- Noronha, Constitucoes de S. Bento de Aviz (Lisbon. 1631).
For history:
- Jos. Da Purificao, Catalogo dos Mestres de Aviz, 1722 (Acad real de Historia);
- Burro, Chronica de Cister, onde, etc.. (Lisbon. 1602); cf Almeida in Mem. Acad. Scient. Lisboa (1837);
- Helyot, Dictionnaire des ordes religieux (1847), 1, 348-350;
- Schefer, Gesch. Von Portugal (Gotha 1834-54);
- Herculano, History of Portugal (Lisbon, 1554–73)
- Olival, The Military Orders and the Portuguese Expansion (15th to 17th Centuries), Portuguese Studies Review Monograph Series, Vol. 3 (Peterborough, 2018).
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Order of Aviz". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.